Multiplication
Written Methods
Written Methods
• Throughout their years at school, children
should progress from informal jottings and
number line methods to formal efficient
written methods.
• By the end of Year 3, children should be
confident using short efficient written
methods for all four operations + - x ÷
• Children become secure with these methods
with regular practice and should be able to
apply skills to problem solving.
Arrays
• An array provides a visual representation of a
multiplication sum. Through this, the language
of multiplication is introduced.
4 groups of 3
3 lots of 4
4+4+4
3+3+3
3 times 4
3 x 4 = 12
Blank Number Line
• An empty number line let’s us show
multiplication as repeated addition by
counting on in multiples or ‘lots’.
2x5
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2
0 2 4
6
8 10
1x2
0
2
2x2
4
3x2
6
4x2
8
5x2
10
Partitioning Method
• Partitioning method splits two digit numbers
into Tens and Units before multiplying. This is
in preparation for formal short method.
13 x 2
10 + 3
2
13 x 8
10 + 3
8
1 0 x 2= 30
3 x 2= 6
30 + 6 = 36
1 0 x 8= 80
3 x 8= 24
80 + 24 = 104
Your Turn!
• Can you use the partitioning method to
solve these multiplications?
• 45 x 6 =
• 32 + 5 =
• 32 + 3 =
Column Multiplication
• Partitioning method leads onto a compact
efficient written method. This method requires a
solid understanding of place value.
TU
23
x 3
69
TU
57
x 5
285
3
7 x 5 = 35
Carry the tens
beneath the line
5 x 5 =25
ADD the carried tens
25 + 3 = 28
Column Multiplication
• Rules of column multiplication
– Start with the biggest number
– Align the columns H T U
– Times from the units first
– Carry tens below the answer line of the next column
– Add on carried tens
TU
42x5=
+
Your Turn!
• Can you use the column method to solve
these multiplications?
•37x4=
•28x3=
•256x3=
Column Multiplication
• Once children are confident multiplying TU x U
we extend to TU x TU using an expanded
method first.
TU
3
x 30
23
x 33
20 600 60
9 (3 x 3)
6 0 (20 x 3)
3 90 9
9 0 (30 x 3)
+ 6 0 0 (20 x 30)
759
1
Column Multiplication
• Once children are confident multiplying TU x U
we extend to TU x TU using an expanded
method first.
TU
23
x 33
9 (3 x 3)
6 0 (20 x 3)
9 0 (30 x 3)
+ 6 0 0 (20 x 30)
759
1
T
2
x 3
6
+6 9
75
1
U
3
3
9 (23 x 3)
0 (23 x 30)
9