Spanish 2 study guide
The test will cover the following:
-Direct object Pronouns
-Tú form commands- especially the irregulars like: ir and the go verbs-Go verbs (see grammar sheet from Thursday for a list of the command forms in
the go verbs, also see the photo under study helps). Be sure you know what each
of the GO verbs means!
-Obligations: Hay que, Tener que, and deber.
-Vocab- see vocab list distributed Thursday, as well as flashcards on my webpage
under unit 5.2 in Spanish 2 study helps.
-Verb Conjugations
Here is some helpful info:
Commands
To make a command in the tú form, you use the él/ella/usted conjugation of the
verb in the present tense. For example: The verb cantar is conjugate thus:
Yo canto
Nosotros cantamos
Tú cantas
Vosotros cantáis
Él/ella/usted canta
Ellos/ellas/ustedes cantan
To make a command, we would tell someone “¡Canta!” if we were on informal
terms with them. If we would address them as usted, the command would be
different. That will come in a later chapter. Keep in mind that there are several
irregular commands contained in the gramática sheet I distributed on Thursay.
Direct Object Pronouns:
A Direct object is whatever receives the action of the verb. For example, in the
sentence, “Paco wants to drink a soda,” “Paco” is the subject, and the object on
which he performs the action is the soda. In Spanish, the sentence could be
written, “Paco quiere beber un refresco.” The direct object is “un frefresco”.
The direct object pronouon replaces the direct object. In the previous sentence,
instead of saying “Paco wants to drink a soda”, we may say, “Paco wants to drink
it.” In this case, “it” is a direct object pronoun. In Spanish, the direct object
pronouns are as follows:
Me
Nos
Te
Os
Lo, la
Los, las
Since “refresco” is masculine and singular, the pronoun we would choose is “Lo”.
The sentence could be written in the following two ways:
1. Paco lo quiere beber.
2. Paco quiere beberlo.
One must remember that the direct object pronoun must go either before a
conjugated verb, or after an infinitive (a verb before it’s conjugated [must end in
the letter r]) or after a command. Remember that if the pronoun comes after the
verb, it must be added as part of the word (no space).
Obligations:
“Hay que” means “One must”. To say one must clean the
house, you would say, “Hay que limpiar la casa”.
“Tener que” means “to have to”. “Yo tengo que envolver
los regalos” means “I have to wrap the presents.”
“Deber” means “must” or “Should”. To say, “He must cut
the grass” you must say, “Él debe cortar el cespéd.”
Keep in mind that when using these that you do not
conjugate the second verb. Whenever you have 2 verbs
in Spanish, only conjugate the first one.