Italy: Birthplace of Renaissance
Italy’s Advantages
• __________________________- period (rebirth) from 1300-1600 which witnessed a
revival in art and in learning
• Educated ppl in Italy hoped to bring back the culture of classical
________________ and ____________
• Italy had 3 advantages that made it the birthplace of the Renaissance:
1. _________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
City-States
• During the Crusades, overseas trading created a commercial society where
ideas could be traded
• The plague kills up to 60% in urban areas, allowing survivors to demand
higher wages
• Little opportunity to expand business, so many people pursue different
interests such as _______ and _______________
Merchants and the Medici
• Wealthy merchant class develops in each Italian city-state
• Merchants didn’t inherit their wealth, they earned it this leads to the belief
that they __________________________________________
• Florence switches from being ruled by a republican form of gvmt to a
dictatorship under _______________________________
Looking to Greece and Rome
• Scholars looked down on the art and literature of the ___________________________
and focused on Classical Greece and Rome
• They studied the ___________________________, and
_________________________________________ from various monasteries
• When the Seljuk Turks ransack Constantinople in 1453, Christian scholars
fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts
Classical and Worldly Values
Classics Lead to Humanism
• Study of classical texts led to _____________________ (focused on human potential
and achievements)
• Emphasized study of the humanities (__________________, __________________,
________________________, etc)
Worldly Pleasures
• Humanists argue that you can enjoy life without offending God (didn’t have
to eat plan food and wear rough clothes)
• While most remained Catholic, the basic spirit of the Renaissance was
_______________
Patrons of the Arts
• Church leaders spend large amounts of money on beautifying Rome
• Those who supported the artists became “_________________________________”
Renaissance Man
Renaissance writers introduce idea that men should master every area of
study
• Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier suggests that young men should be
_____________, ____________, ____________________________ in classics, be able to
___________, _____________, _____________________, and _____________________. In addition
he should be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman
Renaissance Woman
• According to The Courtier, women should also be ____________ and know the
classics
• Expected to ______________ art, not _____________ it
• More educated than medieval women, but not involved in __________________
• Few women, like Isabelle d’Este, had power. She married a ruler of a citystate, and even won his release when he was captured in war
•
Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
Renaissance painters used ____________________ to show three dimensions on a
flat surface
Realistic Painting and Sculpture
• _________________________ and _____________________ paint and sculpt realistically to
show individual characteristics
Leonardo, Renaissance Man
• _____________________ was a true Renaissance man (studied muscles and veins
from leaves to understand how to paint them)
• Painted the _____________________ and ________________________
Raphael Advances Realism
• Studied the works of Leonardo and Michelangelo
• Filled the walls of Pope Julius II’s library with paintings (______________________)
Anguissola and Gentileschi
• Renaissance society generally restricted women’s roles, but some women
became notable painters
• _____________________________ gains an international reputation for her works,
and Artemisia Gentileschi painted with her father to gain prominence
•
Renaissance Writers Change Literature
Petrarch and Boccaccio
• Francesco Petrarch known as the ___________________________________.
• He was also a great poet who wrote in Latin and Italian
• Wrote 14 line sonnets that included ________________ and _______________
Machiavelli Advises Rulers
• _________________ by Niccolo Machiavelli dissects the imperfect nature of
humans
• not concerned with what was _________________________, but what was
___________________________________
• Argued that a prince must sometimes mislead people and lie to his
opponents to maintain control and power
Vittoria Colonna
•
Born into a noble family, and marries Marquis of Pescara.
•
•
As he is away on military campaigns, Vittoria writes her husband 14 line
sonnets about how she misses him
…..toward the end of the 15th century, Renaissance ideas were spreading out
of ________________ and into the rest of Europe.