Unit 4

A nucleotide deoxyribose nitrogenous base base-pairing rules
DNA replication ribonucleic acid transcription translation protein synthesis
B a monomer of a nucleic acid that contains a sugar, phosphate, and a base sugar in DNA a base in a nucleotide (ATGCU)
In DNA A with T and G with C always copying DNA before a cell divides
RNA
Copying DNA's code into mRNA copying mRNA code into a protein
DNA's code carried by RNA to make a protein at the ribosome ribose RNA's sugar messenger RNA (mRNA) carries DNA's "message" to the ribosome ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) makes up part of the ribosome carries amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein termination signal genetic code codon anticodon a set of 3 bases that ends protein synthesis sequence of bases that code for a protein
3 bases on mRNA that codes for an amino acid sequence of three bases on tRNA that matches to the mRNA amino acids proteins a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
are made up of smaller building blocks called amino acids, joined together in chains. Some proteins are just a few amino acids long, while others are made up of several thousands.

• Protein Synthesis is the production of proteins in a cell.
• During this synthesis, the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein.
• Proteins help determine the size, shape, color, and other traits of an organism by triggering cellular processes.

• They are made up of amino acids.
• Cells can combine the 20 amino acids in different ways to form thousands of different proteins.

DNA & RNA

1. What are the differences between RNA and
DNA?
2. Proteins are made of what?
3. What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA and in RNA?

• Protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm outside the cell’s nucleus.
• The chromosomes are found inside the nucleus.
• A messenger RNA carry the genetic code from
DNA in the nucleus to cytoplasm.
• Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies the message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
• Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein.