Immigration, Integration

http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/dix-themes-pourconnaitre-deux-siecles-d-histoire-de-limmigration/emigrer/du-xixe-siecle-a-1914
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 1921-35
grande phase d’immigration
 1,920,000 people
 - 33% Italians
 - 32% Polish
 - 8% Spanish
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 Political
refugees
 Italians after Mussolini
 Spanish Civil War 1936-39
 Armenians
 Russians
 Peak in 1931 = 7% of population,
2,900,000 people
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 1930s
: economic depression
 Repatriation
 Decrease until 1950s
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 Mid
1950s: active recruitment of
foreign workers
 Reconstruction and dénatalité
 Attempt to limit origins of immigrants
to Europe
 Agreements signed with Italy, Poland
etc
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 Maghreb
(Northwest Africa: Algeria,
Morocco, Tunisia
 Sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal)
 Indochina ( South-East Asia: Vietnam,
Cambodia, Laos)
 DOM-TOM : Guadeloupe,
Martinique, French Guyana etc
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 WWI:
« native » troops recruited into
French army
 Temporary immigration
 Algeria major settler colony
 Land expropriation
 Prior
to independence (1962) French
nationals
 Subjects, not citizens
 100,000 in 1924
 Mining, iron, steel, car manufacture
 Marseilles, Lyons, St Etienne,
Strasbourg, Paris
 Stage
1: temporary, economic support
to families
 WWII: Statute of Algeria (1947): full
citizenship for Algerian men
 Unregulated passage between Algeria
and France
 Français-musulmans d’Algérie
 Stage
2: post-1947
 1956: 300,000 Algerians in France
 Poor living conditions, shanty towns.
 Algerian
War of Independence (1954-
62)
 FLN (Front de Libération Nationale)
funded through taxes on Algerians in
France.
 Represssive reaction in France
 Reinforced support for FLN
 Maurice
Papon 1958: organised
repression of FLN
 October 1961: curfew
 Peaceful demonstrations attacked
 Over 50 Algerians killed by security
forces

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csZNUHNg-VM
 1962:
Accord d’Evian – Algerian
Independence
 1965: 500,000 Algerian nationals in
France
 Restrictions introduced in 1970s – end
of Les Trente Glorieuses
 Algerian presence temporary?
 Public
housing restrictions
 Segregated accommodation
 « Overseeing » of Algerian community
by former colonial police
2nd generation Algerians
 Stereotyping of young males and
women
 Spatial dynamics: public housing
estates and banlieues
 Exhortation to « integrate »
 1975-85:
 Ambiguity
over nationality
 Beurs = arabe = a-ra-be = beur
 Islamic counter-culture
 Beurgoisie
 Harkis
 Fled
Algeria in 1962
 Interned in camps in rural France

http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/histoire-de-limmigration/le-film
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 Mid
19th Century: 2.5% foreigners
(Savoyards)
 1901: 4% (80% Italians)
 Construction, manual work (glove-making)
 1921:
7.7%
 1931: 18% (national average 7%)
 St
Laurent – rue Chenoise - Rue Très
Cloître
 Drop
after 1931
 1946: 8,2%
 St Laurent: 90% Italian
 82%
Manual or skilled workers
Shift in population: Portugueses, Spanish, North
African
 Progression southwards, Echirolles, Villeneuve


Largest English-speaking population outside
Paris

2010: 15.6% foreigners (5.8% North Africans)

http://www.tres-cloitres.org/?page_id=18