How did Great Britain deal with its growing empire at the conclusion of the French and Indian War?

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Breakdown of Colonies
Southern Colonies: founded by profit-motivated companies or individuals
Middle Colonies: founded by profitmotivated countries (Dutch)… most tolerant of other religious groups… made money through shipping and trade due to the nearness to water routes
New England Colonies: founded due to religious purposes...government based on Theocracy
England’s attitude toward Colonies
Early on, England passed laws to control colonies but did not enforce them… they simply ignored them = Salutary Neglect
By 1660, Charles II = said, “distance of place does not remove the colonies from our justice and power

Why does Charles II feel the need to exert his control over the Colonies?
Mercantilism: is an economic policy…Wealth is power, key to wealth is export more than import
European countries competed for world power and needed colonies to provide necessary raw materials.
Colonies’ role: provide raw materials (so mother country does not have to import from other nations) and markets for exports
Favorable balance of trade for England

What does Charles II do to exert his control over the colonies?
The Navigation Acts

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Colonies could only trade with England and other colonies
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Had to import all their manufactured goods from England
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Had to use English ships

English Colonies to England
Raw goods such as lumber, tobacco, rice, and indigo were sent to England… manufactured goods were sent back to colonies to sell.
Europe to Africa
England sends manufactured goods to slaves
English slave ships carried
Africans along the Middle
Passage (Trans-Atlantic
Slave Trade) to the colonies.

How did the Navigation Acts affect the Colonies?
Intended Affect By England
Put an end to Salutary Neglect and to force the colonist to follow the principles of
Mercantilism…
The idea of providing raw materials to England and buying English manufactured goods
Actual Affect = Colonial Reaction
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At first they ignored them because England did not enforce them = ?
2.Smuggling and Piracy became a common practice to violate the law.

 By 1750 the center of conflict was between England and France over Fur Trade in the Ohio River Valley

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The French and Indian War
What started out as a war in the colonies, quickly spread through
Europe
Both England and France realized the importance of their colonies and began shipping out large #’s of troops instead of relying on colonial troops
Early Stages of War
French built Ft. Duquesne close to the French – English border
1 st Attempt by England = Colonies sent George Washington to build Ft.
Necessity close to the French fort to keep them from expanding their territory
French attack Washington and tell him, “if the English come back to this area, we will go to war.
Once local Indians allied themselves with the French, they attacked the colonist living in the area and war began
2 nd Attempt by England = sent General Edward Braddock, ended in disaster… lost more than 2,000 troops
War, would the colonies be ready?

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Ben Franklin called for a meeting in
Albany, NY. = Albany Congress 1754
7 colonies present
Purpose for Congress
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Unite the colonies in a time of defense
Through hard work by Individuals
Draft a plan for union
This plan was called the Albany Plan of
Union
One Problem = How do you colonial leaders to come to the meeting?

WE NEED YOU TO JOIN, OR WE WILL
DIE
 Appeared in the Pennsylvania
Gazette, Franklin’s newspaper.
 Snake represents individual colonies
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If they act as separate colonies, they will surely DIE
If they JOIN together, they will defend their colonies

Colonies Decision England’s Decision
 They voted = NO  They voted = NO
 Why – did not want to give up the local power of individual colonies
 Why – feared the colonies might become too powerful if they come together

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Ended the French and Indian War
France gave up all land claims in North America, except for New Orleans
England got = Canada, and all land to the
Mississippi River
Spain got = Louisiana

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Most Indians in the area (Ohio Valley) were still loyal to
France
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Colonists were moving into the new territory gained from the war
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Since England paid for the war… they emerge with a large debt

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Problems facing England after War
England was in debt… they paid for the war, not the colonies
Since the French were gone, the colonies no longer needed
British soldiers for protection
The French and Indian War brought the colonies together and taught them something of being soldiers
How did Great Britain deal with its growing empire at the conclusion of the French and Indian War?