4/2 Bell Ringer
Clear every thing off your desk except
something to write with!
4/3 Bell Ringer
How can a nation increase its
prestige?
Imperialism
What is an empire?
• Group of states under one ruler
Motive of Imperialism
• Economic
▫ Raw materials- needed rubber, petroleum, palm
oil
▫ Markets- New consumers that would want factory
goods
Motives of Imperialism
• Military/Political
▫ Needed bases for coal & supplies
▫ Competition- felt colonies were necessary for
national security, increases prestige
Motives of Imperialism
• Religious- duty to spread what Westerners saw
as blessings of Western civilization (Christianity,
law, medicine)
Motives of Imperialism
• Social Darwinism- applied Darwin’s theory of
survival of the fittest to human society
▫ Gave Europeans an argument to support racial
superiority
What allowed Imperialism?
• Machine guns (other superior military
technology)
• Medicine
▫ Quinine- fights malaria
4/2 Bell Ringer
Who benefits from “new
imperialism”? How do they
benefit?
Imperialism in Africa
Types of Imperialism
• Direct (French)- sent in officials from their
countries to run the colonies
• Indirect (British)- used sultans, chiefs, local
rulers
• Protectorate- local rulers, but expected to follow
advice of European advisors
• Sphere of influence- Area in which an outside
power claims exclusivity in investments or
trading privileges
Scramble for Africa
• Begins in the late 1800s
• People spoke hundred of languages, had various
gov’t types
• Explorers go into Africa, followed by
missionaries
David Livingstone
• Explorer & missionary
• Explored Africa, wrote about his experiences
• When people don’t hear from him, Henry
Stanley goes on a journey to find him
• Henry Stanley (journalist) goes to find him
▫ Meets him in Tanzania
King Leopold II & the Belgian Congo
• Hires Henry Stanley to explore Congo & arrange
trading treaties
• Other nations scramble to get various claims
(Scramble for Africa)
• Exploits the riches
• Brutalizes the villagers
Berlin Conference
•
•
•
•
Took place in Berlin, Germany 1884
Avoid violent conflict
Goal was to lay ground rules of colonization
Attended by major European leaders, no
Africans were invited
• Redraws the map of Africa
Boer War
• 1899-1902 British vs. Boers (descendants of
Dutch settlers)
• War fought in South Africa over access to
diamonds
• Britain wins, creates Union of South Africa
• Sets up new constitution
▫ System of complete racial segregation
Ethiopia
• Remain independent
• Import latest weaponry & hires European
officers to train military
• Italy invades
▫ Ethiopia is prepared, so they are able to fight off
the invaders
4/3 Bell Ringer
Clear everything off of your
desk and have something
(pen or pencil) to write
with.
4/4 Bell Ringer
What is your definition of
Imperialism?
What is Imperialism?
• Process of forming an empire by creating
colonies
• Domination by one country of the political,
economic, or cultural life of another country or
region.
• Europe has new economic & military strength
• 1870s- Europe starts aggressive expansion “new
imperialism”
India
Mughal Power Declines
• Mughal dynasty’s power is collapsing
• British East India Company has trading rights
on the edge of the Mughal dynasty
• As Mughal power decreases, East India
Company’s power increases
▫ By mid 1800’s it controls 3/5 of India
British East India Company
• Goal is to make as much money as possible
• Encourage disunity and competition
• Force sepoys (Indian soldiers) to serve in
military
▫ New rifles issued cause MAJOR problems
Leading up to the Sepoy Rebellion
• To load the new rifles they had to bite off the end
• Cartridges were greased with animal fat (either
cow or pigs)
• Cow was considered sacred by Hindus and
Muslims are forbidden to consume pigs
• Troops refuse to load rifles, they are imprisoned
Sepoy Rebellion
• Sepoys rise against British officers
• British eventually crush the revolt and take
revenge
• Rebellion leaves both sides not trusting the other
Britain suppresses India
• Parliament ends the rule of the East India
Company and takes direct control of India
• Sends more troops to India (and taxes them for
it)
• Modernize India for their own reasons (markets,
raw materials)
• Influence accidentally bring nationalism
4/7 Bell Ringer
How do you usually study for your
exams? Do you think it is effective?
Why or why not?
How can you improve?
China
Qing Dynasty
• Qing dynasty had power of China
Opium Wars
• Britain starts trading with China
▫ Opium for tea
• Lots of people become addicted to opium
▫ Creates economic problems
• Chinese outlaw opium, seize the drug
▫ Ask Britain to stop the trade
• Britain fights for the right to trade
• Britain wins due to superior military technology
Treaty of Nanjing
• 1842 Ends the Opium Wars
• VERY unfair to the Chinese
• Opens China to more trading (opium trade
continues)
• British get Hong Kong (and lots of $$$)
Sino-Japanese war
• China is behind in industrialization
• Japan and Western powers are still modernizing
quickly
▫ Japan starts to want more land
• Pressure on China from Japan leads to war
▫ Japan gains the island of Taiwan
• China’s defeat shows weakness
Taiping Rebellion
• Qing dynasty is declining
• Peasants rebel (1850-1864)
▫ Call for an end to Qing dynasty
• Rebellion is eventually crushed by the
government
Open Door Policy
• British and French carve spheres of influence
along Chinese coast
• U.S. did not take any spheres of influence, feared
they would be shut out of trade
• Call for Open Door Policy- Policy to keep
Chinese trade open for everyone
▫ Major silk trade
Boxer Rebellion
• Anti-foreign rule and influence explodes
• 1899 Chinese form secret society (Righteous
Harmonious Fists)
▫ Attack foreigners in attempt to drive them out of
China
• China is unsuccessful at driving out foreign
influence, but the rebellion causes nationalism
to spread