Water Safety
Conference 2010
Er. Ram Deep Sah.
Project Director
Second Small Town Water supply and sanitation sector project
Kathmandu, Nepal
Piloting Water Safety Plan in Community Managed System in
Nepal
Outline of Presentation
Scenario about Nepal and Background.
Objective of Study
Methodology
Result
Issue and Challenges
Conclusion and Way Forward
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Nepal; A Small country of South East Asia
HUMLA
DARCHULA
BAJHANG
MUGU
BAJURA
FAR WESTERN
BAITADI
JUMLA
DOLPA
DADELDHURA
KALIKOT
MID WESTERN
ACHHAM
DAILEKH
KANCHANPUR
RUKUM
MANANG
SURKHET
MYAGDI
GORKHA
WESTERN
KASKI
BAGLUNG
ROLPA
PYUTHAN
GULMI
SYANGJA
SANKHUWASABHA
TAPLEJUNG
CENTRAL SOLUKHUMBU
PALPA
NAWALPARASI
KAPILBASTU
DOLAKHA
NUWAKOT SINDHUPALCHOWK
TANAHUN
DANG
ARGHAKHANCHI
RASUWA
LAMJUNG
KATHMANDU
DHADING
BHAKTAPUR
CHITWAN
LALITPUR
KAVRE
MAKWANPUR
RUPANDEHI
RAMECHAP
OKHALDHUNGA
EASTERN
TERHATHUM
PANCHTHAR
KHOTANGBHOJPUR
PARSA
SINDHULI
I
BANKE
PARBAT
BARA RAUTAHAT
SARLAHI
FIG. NO. 1 LOCATION MAP
UDAYAPUR
DHANKUTA
ILAM
A
SALLYAN
NUS
BARDIA
MAHOTAR
KAILALI
MUSTANG
JAJARKOT
DHA
DOTI
SUNSARI
SIRAHA
SAPTARI
JHAPA
MORANG
Jhapa District
1. Dhulabari
2. Gauradaha
3. Birtamod
4. Surunga)
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Water Supply System in Nepal
Pipe System 50%
Hand Pump 30%
Traditional System 20%
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Water utilization Scenario ( in billion cum annually)
250
210, 93%
225, 100%
200
150
100
50
15, 7%
0
Water for Economic and
social Purpose
Remaining water
Toatal Availability
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
National Coverage of Water Supply and Sanitation
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Target of Government on Water Supply sector of Nepal
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
National Plan
National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS)
•Approved and enforced since June 2006
•Phase wise implementation recommended
First Phase enforcement(within first five Years )
•More than 10,000 population;
•All new urban projects;
•WSS prone to greater risk of water borne diseases
Second Phase enforcement (five to ten years)
• All district HQs within the three years of 2nd Phase
• All other community schemes within the five years of 2nd phase.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Water Safety Plan in Nepal
• Type of projects taken for WSP
– Hand pump/Shallow Tube wells
– Rural Water Supply Projects
– Urban / Semi-urban Water Supply Projects
• Organizations started to work on WSP
 DWSS
 NEWAH
 UN Habitat
 ENPHO
 Water Aid  RWSSFB
Centre for Integrated Urban dev.  MuAN
• From 2006 to 2008 – 4 Projects
• From 2008 to 2009 – 10 Rural Projects
• From 2009 to 2010 – 10 Emerging Town Projects
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Institutional Monitoring Support System
DWSS
Central Lab
Regional
Lab
Different
Projects
Regional Office
Eastern
Regional Office
Mid
Regional Office
Western
Regional Office
Mid western
WSSDO
WSSDO
WSSDO
WSSDO
Regional
Office Far
Western
WSSDO
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Background
The study of Eastern Region Revealed that
In most of the systems pre and post chlorination units are found
either out of function or not in operation
Most of the projects have no water testing kits required for
regular monitoring of water quality
Operators have limited knowledge on preparation and adequate
application of chemical dosing, air release system, aeration system,
etc
Most of Flow meters are out of function
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Background…
• In some project, WUSC are unknown about the availability of
filter media like Bio-Frontier, Anthracite, spare parts and
chemical like poly-aluminium chloride
 In most of the system guidelines and manuals required for
Operation and maintenance (O & M) are missing
 O & M records are not maintained and yearly action plan for
regular O & M are missing
 Awareness about water quality aspect is lacking
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Piloting Water Safety Plan for four Water Supply Projects of Eastern
Region
Description
Birtamod W/s
Project
Surunga W/S
Project
Dhulabari W/S
Project
Gauradaha
W/S Project
WTP Operation Year
1995
2007
2006
2006
No. of Private Taps
3200
1328
2038
858
Source of Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground+ Surface Ground Water
Treatment method
Pressure Filter
Pressure Filter
Slow Sand Filter Pressure filter
Overhead Tank Capacity 3 Nos. of 450 m3 2 Nos. of 450 m3 450 m3
100 m3
Distribution Pipe line
105 Km
35 Km
65 Km
32 Km
Population coverage
60,000
10,000
12,370
4,971
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Objectives of the program
 To enhance understanding of the users about their projects in
the context of safety of drinking water from source to end
point
 To support users Committee to upgrade their
making safe system
project for
 To support users committee and operators for continuous
operation.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Method of Study
Meeting with stakeholders and awareness raising about
the concept of WSP
System Assessment
Technical Aspect
Managerial Aspect
Operational and
Maintenance Aspect
Problem Identification
Follow Water Safety Action Steps
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Water Safety Plan Action Steps
10.
Docume
ntation
1. Team
Formation
2.
9. Users
System
Assessme
nt
Satisfaction
8. Record Keeping
3. Hazard Point
and Verification
system
Identification and
risk analysis
7. Validation and
4. Control
awareness creation
measures
6.
Monitor
ing plan
5.
Urgent
correcti
ve
action
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Team Formation

Expert team formation (Team Leader, Water management
expert & Water Quality expert)

Briefing to related stakeholder

Formation of 9 member of WSP team

WSP team comprises WUSC, teachers, community health
workers

Sub division of WSP team ( Management sector,
Administrative and Technical Sector and O & M and
supervision Sector
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
System Assessment
Example of Gauradaha WS System

Describe water supply system networks (Source –Treatment
Process - Distribution system)

Documentation by site visit

Where the system is Vulnerable

Identification of users and availability of trained staff

Conducting random household survey
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
System Assessment Contd..

Leakage at source (Bore-hole)

Drain out system of bleaching slurry removal was blocked

Filter media, Bio-Frontier at aerator was chocked

Alternative tube well is not available

Water Quality Parameter Recording system was not proper
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Hazard Point Identification and risk analysis

Identify all hazard points; Pipe joints, aeration and pressure
filter, chemical dosing and distribution system.

Evaluated the risk identified at each point in the flow
diagram ( Eg. improper chemical dosing, insufficient air
release and aeration process, irregular/insufficient
backwashing etc)

What could go wrong at what point
( site visit and desk study)
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Control Measures

Control of Leakage of Valve Chamber

Repair and cleaning of sludge drainage pipe of chemical
dosing system

Backwashing of filter was maintained.

Monitoring responsibility assigned

Developed monitoring format and schedule.

Activities recorded at maintenance book.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Urgent Corrective Action

Bushes around bore hole – Cleared

Chlorination drainage line – Maintained

Other minor maintenance
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Monitoring Plan
WSPT
Monitoring team 1
Regular monitoring
of all collection
Unit
Monitoring team 2
Regular monitoring
of Treatment
System
Monitoring team 3
Regular monitoring
of distribution
System
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Validation
• Field test to monitor free and total residual Chlorine.
First Visit (Test Location)
2nd / 3rd Visit
Bore Well (Source)
Water
Treated Water
Treated water
(Compound Tap)
Coliforms (MPN/100ml)
Nil
240
Nil
E. Coli (MPN/100ml)
Nil
7
-
Free Residual Chlorine (mg/l)
-
Nil
0.6
Total residual Chlorine (mg/l)
-
Nil
0.8
Parameters
Microbiological
Residual Chlorine
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Record keeping and Verification

Proper documentation of activities

Update the quality test report on display board

Cross check by our team and found no contamination of
bacteria in one of the user’s tap.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
User’s Satisfaction

Questionnaires were made and asked.

All interviewees (11 water point users) were found satisfied.

No outbreak of water borne disease.

Users were familiar with the treatment system

Users were convinced about water safety plan and
acceptability and reliability of WSPT.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Results
Before WSP Implementation
After WSP Implementation
No organized team for water Safety Plan
implementation.
Organized team formed with assigned task to
implement activities for WSP.
Source not protected and valve chamber
cover damaged.
WSPT removed stones from Valve Chamber
and placed concrete manhole covers.
There was no complete flow chart and route
map of entire system to identify hazard
points.
WUSC and operators were unfamiliar about
the components of treatment units.
WSPT became capable to draw complete
flow chart and route map from source to end
point to identify hazard points.
WSPT are aware about the components of
treatment units.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Results
Before WSP Implementation
After WSP Implementation
Chlorine sludge removal drain was blocked.
Chlorination sludge removal drain pipe is
cleaned and repaired.
Chlorine dosing was applied manually and it
was not maintained properly.
Mechanical dosing system is put into
operation. Chlorination is done regularly in
proper dose and record is maintained.
Backwashing of filter was not done properly.
Backwashing of filter is done regularly and
record is maintained.
Onsite water testing kits was rarely used.
Able to properly use onsite water testing kits.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Results
Before WSP Implementation
After WSP Implementation
Need of additional testing kits and chemicals
for regular testing.
Chlorine and Iron test kits with necessary
chemicals made available.
Microbiological contamination found in
supplied water
No microbiological contamination was
observed in supplied water.
Residual chlorine was absent in supplied
water.
Residual chlorine is seen in supplied water
Record keeping of operation parameters was
not systematic.
Systematic record keeping established.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Issues and Challenges

No comprehensive water quality testing and monitoring &
surveillance program in placed

WUSC should give priority to activate WSPT.

Intersectoral coordination is lacking.

Human resources development and capacity building is lacking.

Targeted research is lacking.

Inadequate Water quality testing facilities at different level

Regional laboratory need to be made fully operational.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Conclusion

Water Safety Plan is a process oriented management system that
can help water suppliers to produce and deliver good and safe
drinking water.

Analysis of selected water supply system in four emerging towns
revealed that the supplied water is meeting the National Drinking
Water Quality Standard.

Water Safety Plan Team and Operators can successfully adapt
methodologies for risk assessment and risk management, became
self motivated to use water testing kits and maintained the record
properly.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Way - Forward

Based on the result of pilot study in urban and rural areas, WSP
should be replicated in other Water Supply Projects.

Forty urban/semi urban and rural water supply projects are
selected for WSP implementation under DWSS, WHO / Aus AID
support to complete in one year.

WSP and quality assurance program to be applied mandatory in all
the new projects to be constructed by different agencies.

In all completed projects stepwise WSP program need to be
implemented for ensuring sustainable and safe water supply
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
WSP Enhancing Activity at a glance
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November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Thank You
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia