Bellringer
Answer the following E.O.C. Review Questions.
 You will have 10 minutes to complete these questions.
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1.
2.
3.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
Who was Eli Whitney? What two inventions was
he known for?
What was the cotton gin and how did it change
life in the south?
The Evolution of American Political
Parties
Anti-Federalists
Federalists
Changed named to
Democratic-Republicans
Whigs
Democrats
Northern Whigs
Southern Whigs
Democrats
Republicans
Southern
Republicans
Northern
Republicans
Northern Democrats
Southern Democrats
Chapter 16.1
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Shots Fired!!!
Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?
Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC - April, 1861.
A fort held by Union forces, Lincoln announced he was
resupplying the fort and before Union ships could reach the fort
Confederate troops surrounded fort and fired on it for 34 hours
forcing the Union commander to surrender (no one was killed).
How did Lincoln respond to losing Fort Sumter?
Two days after surrendering the fort Lincoln called on the
Union to provide 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion in
the South.
Who becomes the leader of the Confederate forces?
Robert E. Lee resigned form the U.S. Army and joined the
Confederacy even though he opposed slavery and secession.
How many states did the Union consist of at the beginning of the war?
A total of 19: California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin.
What were the border states?
The border states: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and West
Virginia – these were all slave states that border states in which slavery
was illegal.
During the war, Nevada and West Virginia joined as new states of the
Union.
Tennessee and Louisiana were returned to Union military control early in
the war.
What territories supported the Union?
The territories of Colorado, Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah,
and Washington fought on the Union side
Which states were part of the Confederacy?
11 states in the South were part of the Confederacy: Alabama, Arkansas,
Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Texas, Virginia.
Why was keeping Maryland in the Union important to the North?
Because Washington, D.C. would be cut off from the Union.
What did Lincoln do to keep Maryland in the Union?
He ordered the arrest of Maryland lawmakers who supported the Confederacy.
Why was Kentucky an important state during the Civil War?
It was on both sides of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, so for strategic reasons
it was important. The rivers could provide an invasion route to the South for the
Union. For the South the rivers could provide a barrier from the North.
Why did Kentucky stay in the Union?
After the Confederates invaded in 1861, Kentucky decided to stay in the Union.
Missouri and Delaware were also important for strategic reasons and remained
part of the Union.
A group of western counties in Virginia with the help of federal troops broke
away from Virginia and formed the state of West Virginia and joined the Union.
All told – Union consisted of 24 states, Confederacy had 11.
Chapter 16.1
What advantages did the Union Have?
1. The North had about 22 million people,
compared to the South with 9 million, of which
3.5 million were slaves.
2. 85% of the factories were in the North.
3. The North had more than double the railroad
mileage than the South.
4. Almost all naval power and shipyard belonged to
the North.
5. Lincoln, who developed into an excellent leader.
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Chapter 16.1
What advantages did the Confederacy have?
1. Strong military leaders, most notably Robert E.
Lee.
2. Fighting a defensive battle would stretch
Northern supply lines.
3. Motivation, soldiers defending their homes were
more willing to fight.
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Chapter 16.1
What was the Confederate strategy for the
war?
 Initially the South took a defensive position for
the war, stating that it only wanted to be
independent. Hoping the North would tire of the
war.
 The South also hoped to gain support from
foreign countries because of King Cotton.
However, Europeans did not want to get
involved in the war.
 As the war intensified the South became more
offensive, trying to win big victories.
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Chapter 16.1
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What was the Union strategy for the war?
Based on General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan.
Designed to constrict the South’s economy.
What were the key parts of his plan?
Naval blockade of the southern coastline. Preventing goods
or people from coming in or out of the region.
Gain control of the Mississippi River, which would split the
Confederacy in two. Making it difficult to supply troops.
What was the main drawback to the Anaconda Plan?
It would take a long time to work. Northerners did not want
to wait as a result Lincoln ordered the invasion of Virginia in
the summer of 1861.
Chapter 16.1
Bull Run - Manassas, VA - July, 1861
 Confederate troops stationed at Manassas had to
be taken before an assault on Richmond the
Confederate capital would be possible. Rallying
behind General “Stone Wall” Jackson confederate
forces held off the Union assault. Once
Confederate reinforcements arrived they launched
a countercharge. During the charge the rebels let
out a scream, which becomes know as the “Rebel
Yell.” Union forces broke ranks and retreated in
fear.
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Chapter 16.2
How many soldiers served in the Union Army?
Confederacy?
The Union had approximately 2 million soldiers and the
Confederacy just under one million. In the Confederacy
almost all were volunteers. Neither side allowed African
Americans to fight.
After receiving training in drills, guard duty, digging
trenches, cutting wood for fires, camp clean up – they
would be assigned to a regiment.
What hardships did soldiers face?
Civil war soldiers were often wet, muddy, cold from
marching outdoors and living in crude shelters.
The biggest problem was poor hygiene that resulted in
widespread sickness
Chapter 16.2
What Technological advancements contributed to
the Civil War being the most deadly war in U.S.
history?
The Rifle: a gun with a grooved barrel, making the
bullet spin meaning more distance and accuracy.
The minie ball: a bullet with a hollow base that
could shoot farther than old – fashioned
muskets. Killing at a higher rate and at a longer
distance.
Ironclads: warships covered with metal were able
to withstand enemy fire.
Chapter 16.3 Bell Ringer
Answer the following E.O.C. Review Questions.
 You will have 10 minutes to complete these questions.
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How did the Missouri Compromise resolve a
conflict between the north and the south?
 What was the main message of the Monroe
Doctrine, and towards whom was it directed?
 What were the terms of the Missouri
Compromise?
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Chapter 16.3 Discussion
TOP FIVE REASONS FOR WAR:
1. Economic and social differences
between the North and the South.
2. States versus Federal rights
3. The fight between Slave and NonSlave State Proponents.
4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.
5. The election of Abraham Lincoln
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Recapping the first part of the Civil War:
Reasons for fighting - 1861
North - To preserve the United States, end slavery, further industrial revolution
South - To defend their way of life or homeland, keep slavery, keep agricultural
way of life
Advantages - 1861
North - Greater manpower, greater resources
South - Fighting a defensive war, better leaders
Disadvantages - 1861
North - Had to carry battle to enemy, longer supply lines
South - Fewer resources, less manpower
Military Strategy - 1861
North - Offensive – surround and strangle the South’s economy
South - Defensive – Hold out until North grew tired of war
Ch. 16.3
Union Victories in the West - Tennessee and Northern
Alabama - February, 1862.
 The Union attacked Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and
Fort Donaldson on the Cumberland River. The Union
successfully captured both forts and opened entire South to
Union forces.
 Shiloh - Corinth, MS. - April, 1862.
 Thanks to the Union’s superior supply lines fresh Union
troops were ferried across the river and under General
Grant forced a Confederate retreat.
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16.3
New Orleans - New Orleans, LA. - April, 1862
 Admiral Farragut successful invasion of New Orleans and
Union naval superiority won the day.
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Seven Days Battle – Richmond, VA. - June 25-July 1, 1862
 Thanks to General Jeb Stuart spying on Union forces and
reporting the size of the Union armies. This allowed General
Lee to win the day.
 In late August, the Confederates won a second victory at
Bull Run. Forcing Union troops to withdraw back to
Washington.
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Antietam - Richmond, VA - September 1862
General McClellan and General Lee led troops in an all day battle that led
to a draw.
Lee withdrew to Virginia giving the Union a victory.
However 25,000 men dead or wounded – bloodiest day of battle in U.S.
history. Four reasons why Lee attacked in the north:
1) Confederate victory might force President Lincoln into peace talks
2) Virginia farmers would get a rest from the war during harvest season
(Union would fight to retake land lost instead of attacking in Confederate
land)
3) Confederates could plunder Northern farms for food
4) Convince Britain and France to recognize Confederacy as a separate
nation.
These photos taken right after Antietam
16.3 Work Period
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Use this class period as an opportunity to:
 finish the Chapter 16 assignment
 Work on your EOC study guide
 Work on your 15/16 DBQ Doc Packet
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If you have finished everything you may work on:
 “Women Who Led the Way” (Achieve3000)
 April 1861: First Shots are Fired (Achieve3000)
 May 1861: The War Begins (Achieve3000)
 June 1861: The Battles Begin (Achieve3000)
 Each are extra credit and must be completed by May 15, to
receive points
 ** As we move into the Civil War there is a great sequence of
Achieve3000 articles that will be offered as extra credit,
totaling 100 pts. Please take the opportunity!