Ch. 2
Settling the 13 Colonies
Setting the Scene
The _________sent noblemen,
soldiers, slaves and priest.
The _________permitted only
Catholics
_____________allowed anyone
Reasons the English Came to the
New World
1. Personal __________
2. _______________
3. Jobs
4. Political Freedom
5. ___________Freedom
6. Adventure
CHRISTIAN FREEDOM
 One common definition understood freedom
less as a political or social status than as a
moral or spiritual condition.
 Freedom meant abandoning the life of sin to
embrace the teachings of Christ.
 “Christian liberty” had no connection to later
ideas of religious toleration.
 The English monarchs had an established
church (the Church of ___________or
____________Church) that decreed what forms
of religious worship and belief were accepted.
CHRISITAN FREEDOM
 Everyone in England was required to attend and
pay ______________to support it.
 _________________faced persecution by the
state as well as condemnation by church
authorities.
 Religious uniformity was thought to be essential
to public order.
 The religious wars that racked Europe centered
on which religion would predominate in a
kingdom, or region, not the right of individuals
to choose which church in which to worship.
English Settlements Made Permanent
 Raleigh’s expedition = last
individual effort of
colonization.
 _____________ companiescompanies worked with
individuals to establish new
institutions in a new land.
 The London Company a.k.a.
the ____________Company
established the 1st permanent
English settlement
(_______________________)
1607 – Jamestown is built near Chesapeake
Bay along the James River. Unfortunately, it is
built in a swampy area full of mosquitoes.
What disease is spread by mosquitos?
Starvation & Recovery
• Government: Jamestown had a 13
man council that argued all the
time. Before long, the colony was
in peril.
• 1610, only 60 colonist were alive.
• Captain _____________takes over.
• He feels that the settlers are too
interested in gold.
• He sets up stern rules, including a
new work-to-eat policy.
• 2 Thessalonians 3:10: everyone
should earn his livelihood through
diligent work.
John Smith & the Indians
 Smith meets with the most powerful
Indian chief in the area, Powhatan.
 __________________agrees to sell corn
to the English.
 The English, however, take the corn
violently.
 Before long the English and the Indians
are involved in many bloody conflicts.
 One solution: _______________marries
Pocahontas.
 Pocahontas dies _____ years later in
England
What happens next?
 Smith is injured, leaves the Jamestown colony and it
begins to falter again.
 “______________________” (90% of the colony died)
 In 1612, the settlers of Jamestown begin to grow
___________________and it becomes a huge economic
success.
 King James considers tobacco to be vile.
 Nevertheless, it becomes a huge fad in England.
 It becomes Jamestown’s CASH CROP, making the
settlement lots of money.
 Colonist who paid their own way to VA received ____acres
Representative Government
 Jamestown settlers could elect
___________________, or
representatives.
 Their Assembly was called the
House of Burgesses.
 Laws are established for the
colony.
 This marks the start of
______________________
government in the New World.
3 Types of Colonies
 _______________Colony- a legal grant from the king to
establish a colony.
 ______________ Colony- the king appointed a
proprietor(s) to govern a colony.
 ______________ Colony- under direct control of a
governor appointed by the crown.
Representative History
 Magna Carta – 1215 – King John is forced to sign a
document that states that
 monarchs, like everyone else, must obey the law.
 To raise taxes, the king must consult the Great Council
(which later is called Parliament).
 House of Lords
 House of Commons
Virginia Lifestyles
 _________________
Servants- colonist who
signed an agreement to
work 4-7 years in exchange
for passage to America.
 Labor eventually expands
to ____________________.
New Arrivals in Virginia - Africans
 1619 – First Africans arrive in VA. by __________________ships
 Colonists valued them for their agricultural skills.
 First African born in the English colonies – William
 1644 – 300 Africans lived in Virginia
 Slaves for life
 Servants that would one day be free.
 Free Planters – at first they could own property, testify in court, and
vote
 Later 1600s – Virginians allow slavery
 Slavery expands and free planters lose their rights.
New England Colonies
2 Groups
 Most of the settlers who arrived in New England were
searching for religious freedom.
 ________________________- disagreed with some of the
practices of the Anglican Church. They hoped to purify
the church from various Roman Catholic practices &
ceremonies.
 ________________________- did not believe that the
Anglican Church could be purified. They chose to
separate themselves from the church.
Pilgrims Seek Religious Freedom
 It was illegal to worship apart from the Anglican Church,
a group of Separatists from ________________, Enlgand
believed they would be safer in another country.
 ____________________= Separatists – they wanted to
separate from the Church of England (Protestant).
 The Church was persecuting them with punishments
such as arrest, fines, and executions.
 The Pilgrims Journey
 Some leave for Leyden, in the ______________________.
 The Dutch were tolerant of many religions.
 The Pilgrims weren’t happy there however, so they went
back to England.
Pilgrims Seek Religious Freedom
 So the ____________________ask, and
are granted a charter to establish their
own colony in Virginia.
 September 1620 – Over 100 men,
women, and children board the
Mayflower and head to North America.
 _______________- group of Englishmen
not part of the Pilgrims on the
Mayflower
 A storm sends them off-course and
they land on the shore of Cape Cod,
Massachusetts.
 Establish ___________________Colony
The ________________________
 Before they leave the boat for shore, the Pilgrims &
Strangers set up an agreement called the Mayflower
Compact.
 Bound the settlers into a “civill body politick” by which
they agreed to submit to the laws and the duly elected
leadership of the colony.
 The Mayflower Compact was the 1st self-government
document of its kind in America.
Help from the Natives
 Severe winter killed half the colony.
 The ___________________Indians (Samoset) helped the
Pilgrims.
 ____________________brought them seeds of corn,
beans, and pumpkins and showed them how to plant
these seeds.
 The next harvest was successful.
 Governor ________________ & the Pilgrims hold a
celebration to honor this great harvest (which they
thought was given by God).
 Ephesians 5:20: “thanks always for all things unto God
and the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.”
Plymouth vs. Jamestown
 Why did Plymouth fare
better than Jamestown
- First 12 years of
Jamestown consisted only
of men
- The presence of families
forced the colonists in
Plymouth to make the area
livable for women &
children.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Leaving England
1. _____________________disapproved of the Puritans
and their ideas
2. Puritan leaders thought England had fallen on “evil
and declining times.”
 They asked for a charter to leave England.
oFormed the Massachusetts Bay Company
oThey wanted to build a new society in New
England.
 People joined for religious and economic
reasons.
 Some sought opportunities they couldn’t get
in England like cheap land.
 Puritans Leave England
o England’s economy is suffering.
o _____________– lawyer, devout*
Christian, 1st Governor of M.B.C.
o Makes a speech aboard the
Arbella on the way to New
England:
 “…we shall be like a city upon
a _________. The eyes of all
people are on us.”
 Winthrop felt they were going
to be a shining example for all
the world.
* devout - Devoted to religion
or to the fulfillment of
religious obligations
Puritans in
Massachusetts
o ______________(1629-1640)
- 40,000 Puritans leave to
America.
o Winthrop and his followers
were Puritans.
o Massachusetts Bay Company
is formed to establish a colony
in America.
Puritan Government
o Governing the colony
 Winthrop was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay
Colony.
 All male church members could elect representatives to the
__________________________(assembly)
- Each town had 3 delegates
-1664, the General Court became a 2-House legislature
(bicameral)
-First ____________________ Government
Settling Connecticut 1636
o _______________________
 Leads 100 people out of the
Mass. Bay Colony (for more
freedom)
 Felt the leaders had too
much power
 Est. Hartford
Connecticut Plan of Government
_______________________________
-All property-owning men could vote
-Limited the power of the governor
- 1st written ___________________in America.
o1662 – Connecticut becomes a separate
colony when the King grants them a charter.
Rhode Island 1636
__________________________
 Felt that the Puritan Church held too much
power
 Wanted complete separation of church and
state
- The role of state is to maintain peace
 Believed in toleration of religious liberty
Williams Kicked Out
o Williams is kicked out of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
 He heads south and starts the
Rhode Island Colony
 In the Rhode Island Colony
there is:
 Complete religious
freedom
oFirst Jewish temple
 No state church
 All ______________men
could vote
___________________________
 Puritan woman who would
give her viewpoint/opinion
about sermons
 She questioned the
authority of Puritan
ministers
Hutchinson Put on Trial
 No one could prove that she broke any laws.
 Her mistake: She told lawmakers that God
spoke directly to her (this went against the
Puritan belief that God could only speak
through the Bible).
 Kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Colony and
went to _____________________________
Conflicts with Native Americans
 As British settlements spread
onto Indian lands, fighting
broke out.
 Chief ____________of the
Wampanoag tribe
 Leads an Indian raid that
leaves 600 English settlers
dead and 12 towns
destroyed.
The British Retaliate
 The British capture and kill
Metacon for his actions.
 1,000 Natives are rounded
up and sold into slavery in
the West Indies.
o Government
 _________________– the people could speak
their minds
 Strict Puritan Laws
 15 laws punished with the death penalty
 _____________________was illegal
o20 men and women in Salem were
sentenced to death during the Salem
Witch Trials.
o Economy
 _______________soil was poor for farming
 They grew corn, beans, squash, and pumpkins
 Forests full of riches
 Turkeys, deer, hogs
 Timber/lumber
oShipbuilding
 Sap from sugar maple trees
 The Atlantic Ocean
 Fishing – Cod and Halibut
 Shellfish – lobster and oysters
 Whales – oil for lamps, ivory, and other
products
Education in the New England
Colonies
 1636- ____________________University est.
 1693- William & Mary University est.
The __________________Colonies
 By the mid-1700’s, England had four colonies in the
region of New England. Because of their location
between New England and the Southern Colonies
they were known as the Middle Colonies.
 The Dutch set up a colony of New Netherlands along
the ____________River. The colonists traveled with
the Indians and built the settlement of New
Amsterdam. Rich people in New Amsterdam were
granted large parcels of land.
 Owners of these huge lands or manors were called
__________________________.
 ______________________- led colony as Director
General
________________
 New Netherlands Becomes New
York
 In return for the grant, each patroon
promised to settle 50 European families
on the land. Most Dutch colonists were
Protestants but they allowed other
religions to practice their own religion on
their land.
 In 1664, England and the Netherlands
fought in a war over trade in Europe. War
broke out over trade and the King of
England; King Charles II took over the city
of New Amsterdam.
 He gave the land to his brother, the Duke
of York.
________________
 New York was too big for the Duke of
York to govern so he decided to give
some of the land to his friends Lord
Berkeley and Sir
______________________________.
 They set up a proprietary colonyproprietary colony was a colony
created by a grant of land from a
monarch to an individual or a family.
 In 1702, New Jersey became a royal
colony, which was a colony under
control of the English crown.
New Jersey Quakers
 The _____________________(Quakers), made
up one of the largest religious groups in NJ.
 Beliefs:
-all people were equal in the eyes of God. All men,
women, nobles and commoners were equal.
-religious tolerance for all.
To most English people the beliefs of the Quakers
were wicked. Quakers were hanged and arrested
for their beliefs.
• Led by _________________________
___________________1681
 William Penn, an Englishman, founded the colony
of Pennsylvania.
 At the age of 22 he joined a despised group
called the Quakers. Like Pilgrims and Puritans,
Quakers were protestant reformers.
 Set up an elected representative assembly.
- reflect the citizens
Pennsylvania
 King ________________made Penn a proprietor
of a large tract of land in North America. He
named the new colony Pennsylvania.
 Penn wanted equal treatment for all people and
religions. People went to Pennsylvania to escape
religious persecution.
 Soon afterwards the English officials forced
Penn to turn away Catholic and Jewish settlers.
___________________
 Among the new arrivals were large numbers of German
speaking Protestants. They became known as the
Pennsylvania Dutch. African slaves were also brought to
Pennsylvania.
 Settlers in the lower countries did not want to send
delegates to a far away assembly in Philadelphia. In 1704
William Penn allowed the people in the lower countries to
elect their own assembly.
 Later the lower countries broke away to form the colony of
Delaware.
The Middle Colonies
 Farmers found better growing conditions in the
Middle Colonies than in England.
 The Middle colonies exported so much grain that
they were called the
__________________________Colonies.
 The land was also called the backcountry,
extending through several colonies, from
Pennsylvania to Georgia.
 Settlers followed the old Iroquois trail. This trail
became known as the _____________________.
The Middle Colonies
 Staple Crops:
- Wheat, barley, & oats
• Indentured servants & slaves were
somewhat important to the
economy.
• Skilled laborers included:
blacksmiths & carpenters.
The __________________Colonies
 In 1763 two Englishmen, Charles
Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began to
look over the 244-mile boundary
between Maryland and Pennsylvania
(or between the Southern and Middle
colonies.)
 They carefully laid two stone markers
at the borders of the two colonies
 They called this boundary the
________________________________.
Below the Mason Dixon Line, the
Southern Colonies developed their own
way of life different from the other
English Colonies.
_______________Rebellion 1676
 Many people had settled in Virginia. They were
lured there because of the promise of tobacco
profits.
 Wealthy planters took the best land near the
coast.
 Newcomers had to move inland near the Indians.
Indians and settlers had many clashes and wars
over the land.
 The Governor would not take action against the
Indians.
Bacon’s Rebellion
 Finally, in 1676, Nathaniel
Bacon, a young planter,
organized some angry men
and women against the
Indians.
 He led a revolt against the
Native American villages,
then he burned down
_____________________.
 This uprising became known
as Bacon’s Rebellion. The
government stopped Bacon
and his followers. Twentythree of Bacon’s follows were
hanged. Bacon was killed in a
revolt.
Lord Baltimore’s _____________
 In 1632, Sir George Calvert convinced King Charles I to
grant him land for a colony in the Americas. Calvert was
Protestant but he changed his beliefs to the Catholic
Religion.
 He planned to build a colony called Maryland, where
Catholics could practice their religion freely.
 First Lord Baltimore was appointed the Governor of
Maryland.
 Second Lord Baltimore welcomed Catholics and
Protestants to the colony (conflicts). In 1649, he asked
the people to pass an ________________________.
 The act provided religious freedom for all
___________________. 1st law supporting religious
tolerance. However, this freedom did not extend to
Jewish people.
The Carolinas 1663
 South of Virginia and Maryland,
English colonists settled in a region
called the ___________________.
 In the North of the Carolinas
settlers were poor tobacco farmers.
In the South, a group of eight rich
nobles set up a larger colony.
 In 1685, a few planters discovered
that _________ grew well in the
lowly swamplands along the coast.
 The planters also grew __________,
a plant used to make valuable blue
dye.
The Carolinas
 The farmers needed large
numbers of workers to
grow rice and grow
indigo. They tried to
enslave the Indians to do
the work but they died of
diseases or mistreatment.
Planters turned to slaves
from Africa.
 1712, the issue of
_______________ led to
the differences between
the two areas. (split)
Slave house in South
Carolina 1860
The Carolinas
 _____________ Carolina: made up mostly of colonist
who left Virginia & had been in America (farmers)
 ___________ Carolina: primarily new European
colonists.
______________1732: A Haven for
Debtors
 _____________________________, a respected solider,
founded Georgia in 1732.
 It would shield colonies from ____________ Colony of
Florida
 He wanted Georgia to be a place where people were jailed
for debts in England could find a new life.
 He forbid slavery and limited the size of land grants. He
attracted the poor people to settle in his lands.
 1752, King James took colony back. Instituted new “laws”,
allowing larger plantations & slavery
Southern Colonies
 Agriculture: “__________
Crops” tobacco, rice & indigo
 Raw Materials: wood and tar
 Slave labor: 1700s main
source of labor was African
slaves.
 Passage of Slave Codes: laws
to control slaves.
-“torture, murder, and
every other imaginable
brutality are practiced upon
slaves with no punishment.
New England Colonies
PEGS
Political
Economic
Geographic
Social
-Mayflower
Compact
-Fundamental
Orders of
Connecticut (1st
written
Constitution)
-Thomas Hooker:
“The Father of
American
democracy”
-Fishing,
Shipbuilding and
trade were the
main ways New
Englanders made
money, whaling
-Cold climate
-Rocky soil
-Small area of land
-Subsistence
farming
-All 4 New England
Colonies were
founded for
Religious reasons
Middle Colonies
PEGS
Political
Economic
Geographic
Social
-New York was
taken from the
Dutch by England
-Quakers were
supportive of equal
rights
-William Penn
established a
Constitution
granted basic
fundamental rights.
-Most middle
colonies were
founded for
economic reasons
-New York’s natural
harbor made a lot
of money in trading
-Mild climate
-Fertile Soil for
cash crops such as
wheat, oats, and
grains.
-Bread Basket
colonies
-Pennsylvania was
the only Middle
colony founded for
religious reasons
-Quakers rejected
slavery and wanted
equal treatment for
women
Southern Colonies
PEGS
Political
Economic
Geographic
Social
-Georgia was
founded to protect
the other 12
colonies from
Spanish Florida
-Virginia House of
Burgesses (1st
elected legislative
assembly)
-Almost all
Southern Colonies
were founded for
economic reasons
-Cash crops such as
rice, indigo, and
tobacco
-Warm climate
-Large tracts of
land
-Very fertile soil
-Maryland was
founded for
religious reasons as
a safe haven for
Catholics
-Georgia was also
founded as a place
for debtors and the
poor to start over