Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10 notebook—answer in
one sentence
How can we ensure
equality for all in
the United States?
Unit 10 notebook—answer in
one sentence
How was your
opinion different or
similar to others
peoples?
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement
 The Civil Rights Movement is the struggle of African
Americans for equal rights
-Major Turning point for American society
-Leads to other movements and helped to make US the
country it is today
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement
 After Civil War (13th, 14th, 15th) amendments hold loose
promise of equality
 Plessy vs Ferguson (1896) sets long precedence of
“Separate but Equal”
- “Separate but Equal” policy was constitutional as long a
facilities were equal in quality
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement
 The Truman Years
-After African Americans service in WWII many begin to question
segregation (Forced separation by race)
-Harry Truman issued an Executive Order desegregating the
Armed Forces in 1948
-first major institution to end racial segregation
-Jackie Robinson crosses “colorline” and becomes 1st African
American baseball player
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5zRN6rU7eU&feature=youtu.
be
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement
 Litigation Phase
-Many civil rights groups begin to challenge segregation
by litigation (resolving the disputes in court)
-National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP)begins to challenge the “separate but
equal” doctrine through the American court system
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement
 Sweatt v Painter (1950)
-NAACP wins case for
Heman Sweatt to
attend law school at
University of Texas
-UT said integration
violated their
constitution and
wanted Sweatt to
attend a separate law
school
-Supreme Court said that
segregated school
failed to qualify as
“separate but equal”, by
isolating black students
from lawyers
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement
 Brown v Board of Education (1954)
-Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP persuaded the
Supreme Court that segregated schools in Kansas were
“inherently unequal” (Having to separate means they
are not equal)
-Denied black students “equal protection” under the 14th
amendment
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement
 The Brown Decision
-Supreme Court ruled in favor of NAACP stating that "Separate but
Equal” has no part in public education
-overturned Plessy v Ferguson and marked the end of legal
segregation in public schools
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTGHLdr-iak&feature=youtube
Unit 10 notebook
 Draw each of the squares in your notebook then for
each square write the year, draw a picture and
summarize the event in 5 words of less
Plessy vs Ferguson
Truman Desegregates Armed Forces
Sweatt v Painter
Brown v Board of Education
Warriors Don’t Cry Questions
 Read the personal account of Melba Pattillo Beals from her
memoir Warriors Don’t Cry and answer the questions
below in the space provided.
 1.
Why did the teacher insist that the students leave
quickly and walk home in groups?
 2.
How did this ruling, Brown v. Board of Education,
promote or hinder the American ideal of opportunity?
 3.
How did this ruling, Brown v. Board of Education,
promote or hinder the American ideal of equal rights?
Unit 10
The March to Equality
 In spite of Brown ruling the “Jim Crow” laws still in
place in the south
-laws prevented African Americans from sharing
restaurants, public transportation, and other public
facilities
The March to Equality
 Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1956
-Rosa Parks sits in the white section of a segregated bus, refuses to
give up seat, and is arrested
-Dr. Martin Luther King Jr leads boycott of the city’s public buses
-Boycott successfully ended the city’s segregated bus system,
showed African Americans could unite successfully and it gave
civil rights movement national attention
The March to Equality
 Beliefs of Martin Luther
King Jr
-belief in non violence,
passive resistance to
change the mind of
oppressors
-civil disobedience, people
should oppose unjust laws
peacefully through:
*peaceful marches
*boycotts
*picketing
*demonstrations
-Modeled actions after those
of Thoreau and Gandhi
The March to Equality
 Civil Rights Act of 1957
-passed by Eisenhower administration to increase
African American voting in the south
-set up several agencies with the power to register black
voters, also set the pattern for later civil rights
legislation
The March to Equality
 Most southern states delayed school integration
(bringing different races together)
-Little Rock High School(1957)—Gov Orval Faubus
ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine
African American students (Little Rock Nine) from
entering the school and refused to protect the students
The March to Equality
-Eisenhower , persuaded by famous Christian Preacher
Billy Graham, orders federal troops to ensure that the
students attended school
-Faubus closed school down to prevent students from
attending, Supreme Court later opens the school
The March to Equality
 More Southern Opposition to Integration
-African Americans faced hostility in the South, sometimes
leading to violence
-George Wallace-Gov of Alabama stood in the door way of
University of Alabama to prevent black students from
enrolling
The March to Equality
-Lester Maddox-forced African Americans out of his
restaurant and later sold the restaurant instead of serving
blacks, later elected Gov of Georgia
-Southern Democrats in Congress banded together to
obstruct federal attempts to pass civil rights legislation
 All opposed desegregation in the South and felt that the
federal government was interfering in state matters
The March to Equality
 MLK and other civil rights leaders try to end segregation across the
south using various nonviolent protest methods
-Sit-ins-sitting at “Whites Only” lunch counters and refusing to move,
led to desegregation of many restaurants
-Freedom Rides-riding interstate buses to insure integration of the buses
-protestors wanted to create a nonviolent confrontation so the federal
government would have to intervene
The March to Equality
 King Letter From Birmingham Jail
-showed the brutality of segregation
to the nation
-MLK explained why African
Americans could no longer wait
for equality, “everyone has a moral
responsibility to disobey unjust
laws”
Unit 10 notebook-- What does MLK mean by
“justice too long delayed is justice denied”
The March to Equality
 The March on Washington 1963
-Largest demonstration for human rights in US History, wanted to
pressure Congress into passing civil rights legislation
-MLK and others led March on Washington where he delivered “I Have a
Dream” speech
-gets the attention of President John F. Kennedy who begins to create
civil rights legislation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fILI6qggDTM
Unit 10 notebook--- What do you think MLK
had in mind for the American dream?
The March to Equality
 New President Lyndon B. Johnson passes the Civil rights
Act of 1964
-prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion and
made it illegal for hotels, restaurants or any business to
practice racial discrimination
-cut off federal aid to any segregated school
-created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to
register voters and enforce all provisions
The March to Equality
 After Civil Rights act, Civil Rights leaders begin push to
register and encourage African Americans to vote
-LBJ passes the 24th amendment, this eliminated poll taxes in
federal elections
-MLK organizes marches in Selma, Alabama for voting
rights, when voters are attacked LBJ passes a new bill
The March to Equality
-Voting Rights Act of 1965, this eliminated poll taxes, and
suspended literacy tests for voting, leads to a substantial
increase in African American voters
Unit 10 notebook
 1965 Alabama Literacy Test was 68 questions, you had 30 min, and had to get 90%
1. Which of the following is a right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?
_____Public Education
_____Employment
_____Trial by Jury
_____Voting
2. The federal census of population is taken every five years.
_____True _____False
3. If a person is indicted for a crime, name two rights which he has.
______________________ ________________________
4. A U.S. senator elected at the general election in November takes office the following year
on what date? _________________________________________________
5. A President elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on what
date?
______________________________________________________________________
6. Which definition applies to the word “amendment?”
_____Proposed change, as in a Constitution
_____Make of peace between nationals at war
_____A part of the government
7. A person appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court is appointed for a term of __________
8. When the Constitution was approved by the original colonies, how many states had to ratify it
in order for it to be in effect? _________________________________________
9. Does enumeration affect the income tax levied on citizens in various states? __________
10. Person opposed to swearing in an oath may say, instead: (solemnly)
______________________________________________________________
The March to Equality
 Johnson signs an executive order authorizing
Affirmative Action, this required any business with
federal ties to increase the number of minority workers
-Regents of the University of California v Bakke 1978,
Supreme Court upheld affirmative action for college
admissions, just not in the form of quotas
The March
to Equality
 By the end of the
Civil Rights
Movement most
African Americans
could:
 vote in state and
federal elections
 segregation was
illegal in all public
and government
facilities
 many blacks begin
to hold political
office
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4LnwRE5oeg
--Jimmy Kimmel MLK jr clip
The Answers are……
 Answers to Alabama Literacy Test
1. Trial by Jury only
2. False (every 10 years)
3. Habeas Corpus (immediate presentation of charges); lawyer;
speedy trial.
4. January 3
5. January 20
6. Proposed change, as in a Constitution
7. Life (with good behavior)
8. Nine
9. Yes
10. Affirm