Lessons XVI & XVII
ASKING QUESTIONS (118-122)
&
3 RD C O N J U G A T I O N ( 1 2 4 - 1 2 8 )
Asking Questions
 In Latin, as in English, there are two main types of
questions: information questions and yes/no
questions.
 To ask an information question in Latin, you use an
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN, ADJECTIVE, or
VERB.
exempli gratia
Ubi est Italia? Quis in via ambulat?
Quid spectas? Cur exclamavisti?
Asking Questions
 To ask a yes/no question, you add –ne to the end of the
first word in the sentence.
 If you expect the answer to be yes, begin the sentence
with NONNE.
 If you expect the answer to be no, begin the sentence
with NUM.
exempli gratia
Marcusne Claram amat? Does Marcus love Clara?
Nonne Marcus Claram amat? Marcus loves Clara, doesn’t he?
Num Marcus Claram amat? Marcus doesn’t love Clara, does he?
3rd Conjugation Verbs
 We’ve already learned how to conjugate the 1st and
2nd conjugations.
 We also know that 1st conjugation verbs end with –o
and –are in the first two principal parts...
 ...and that 2nd conjugation verbs end with –eo and –
ere in the first two principal parts.
 But 3rd conjugation verbs end with –o and –ere
in the first two principal parts.
3rd Conjugation Verbs
exempli gratia
amo, amare, amavi, amatus is a 1st conjugation word
because its first two principal parts end with –o and
–are.
video, videre, vidi, visus is a 2nd conjugation verb because
its first two principal parts end with –eo and –ere.
mitto, mittere, misi, missus is a 3rd conjugation verb
because its first two principal parts end with –o and –ere.
3rd Conjugation Verbs
 The linguistic reason that the 1st and 3rd conjugations
have an –o in the first principal part and not an –ao
or an –eo is that the long a in the first conjugation
and the short e in the third conjugation are weak
compared to the long o at the end. Therefore, the o
overtakes the long a and short e.
 However, the long e in the second conjugation is as
strong as the long o, so the long o doesn’t overcome
it and they share space.
3rd Conjugation Verbs
 Because the short e is weak, it also doesn’t stay an e
in front of the present tense (ostmustisnt) endings.
 Instead, it changes to an i or a u.
 Conjugating it with an e in front of the endings will
change the tense from present to another tense, so
it’s very important to make sure you’re using the
right vowel and that you know whether you’re
looking at a 2nd conjugation verb or a 3rd conjugation
verb.
3rd Conjugation Verbs
exempli gratia
pono, ponere, ponui, positus is a 3rd conjugation verb
that means to put or place. In the present tense, it’s
conjugated:
1st person
Singular
Plural
pono = I place
ponimus = we place
2nd person ponis = you place
ponitis = y’all place
3rd person
ponunt = they place
ponit = he/she/it places
3rd Conjugation Verbs
 The present tense imperative is also slightly different
in the 3rd conjugation.
 In the 1st and 2nd conjugations, you take off the –re of
the second principal part for the singular, and add
–te for the plural.
 You do the same for the 3rd conjugation, but in front
of the –te ending, the short –e changes to –i.
Singular
Plural
cede = Retreat!
cedite = Retreat (you
guys)!
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
causa, -ae (f.)
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
oppidum, -i (n.)
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
atrium, -i (n.)
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
sportula, -ae (f.)
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
tablinum, -i (n.)
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
accedo, accedere,
accessi, accessurus
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
ago, agere, egi, actus
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
cedo, cedere, cessi,
cessurus
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
defendo, defendere,
defendi, defensus
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
excedo, excedere,
excessi, excessurus
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
exspecto, exspectare,
exspectavi, exspectatus
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
mitto, mittere, misi,
missus
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
populus, -i (m.)
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
aequus, -a, -um
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
latus, -a, -um
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
publicus, -a, -um
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
verus, -a, -um
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
vester, vestra, vestrum
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
quis
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
quid
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
post (+acc.)
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
interim
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
mox
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
numquam
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
saepe
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
atque
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
et... et
Vocabulary pg. 123 &127
-que
Assignments
 Flashcards for Vocabulary
 Ex. A 1-4 and Ex. B 3-4 on pg. 122
 Ex. A 4-6 and Ex. B 3-5 on pg. 126
 Translation on pg. 124