Good Morning!
• So far, midterm average = 72%!!!!
• If you haven’t taken your midterm exam yet,
then you have until this Thursday.
– Bring your completed Midterm Study Guide
– Come see me any morning!
– If you haven’t tested by Thursday, then you will
have an opportunity in class that day.
No Warm-up Today. Have out your
SPIRAL NOTEBOOK and your BINDER.
DNA vs. RNA
Amoeba Sisters Video: “Why RNA is Just as Cool as DNA”
Greenhouse!
Write D,R, or Both in
each box as you watch
the video
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
1. TRANSCRIPTION
2. TRANSLATION
Intro. to Protein Synthesis
• Amoeba Sisters Video: “Protein Synthesis and
the Lean, Mean Ribosome Machines”
Step 1 = TRANSCRIPTION
DNA  mRNA
Step 2 = TRANSLATION
mRNA  DNA
Not on your sheet!
Step 1: Transcription
•
•
Process of creating mRNA from a DNA
template(pattern) [DNA  mRNA]
Takes place in the nucleus
TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS:
1. Enzymes unzip the DNA molecule
2.
Free RNA nucleotides pair with matching DNA
nucleotides
• C pairs with G
• G pairs with C
T pairs with A
A pairs with U
3. When base pairing is complete, the mRNA molecule
breaks away and DNA reforms.
4. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the
cytoplasm
RNA
•
Function:
Decodes information from DNA, then transports
the message (code) to the Ribosome for protein
assembly.
Differences in DNA and RNA
• DNA
• RNA
1. Double stranded
2. Deoxyribose sugar
3. Contains Thymine
as a nitrogen base
1. Single stranded
2. Ribose sugar
3. Contains Uracil as a
Nitrogen base in
place of Thymine
Types of RNA
• mRNA – carries coded DNA message out of
nucleus
• tRNA – transports amino acids to the
ribosome
• rRNA - involved with the ribosome
Essential Questions
WHITE BOARD!
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is Transcription?
Where does transcription occur?
What is mRNA?
How is mRNA different from DNA?
Essential Questions
Write it down!
1. What is Transcription?
Making mRNA from DNA (DNA  mRNA)
2. Where does transcription occur?
nucleus
3. What is mRNA?
A message (messenger RNA)
4. How is mRNA different from DNA?
mRNA  leaves the nucleus, single strand, ribose sugar, Uracil base
DNA  stays in nucleus, double strand, deoxyribose, Thymine base
Translation
mRNA
• Assembling of amino
acids to form proteins
• The CODON sequence
of mRNA is translated
into the amino acid
sequence of a protein
• Occurs in cytoplasm at
ribosomes
PROTEIN
Protein Synthesis SUMMARY
• The building blocks of proteins are amino acids
• DNA is the blueprint for the production of PROTEINS
• 3 nitrogen BASES representing an amino acid is called a
codon
DNA
RNA
PROTEIN
Essential Questions
WHITE BOARD!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is translation?
Where does it occur?
What is a codon?
What are the monomers of Proteins?
How does DNA code for protein?
Essential Questions
Write it down!
1. What is translation?
Going from mRNA to a protein (mRNA  protein)
2. Where does it occur?
In cytoplasm at ribosomes
3. What is a codon?
3 mRNA nucleotide bases that code for an amino acid
4. What are the monomers of Proteins?
Amino acids
5. How does DNA code for protein?
DNA sends code/instructions with mRNA to ribosome to
make the amino acid chain (protein)
DNA vs. RNA
Amoeba Sisters Video: “Why RNA is Just as Cool as DNA”
Greenhouse!
Write D,R, or Both in
each box as you watch
the video
Protein Synthesis Coloring
• Follow the directions to color the diagrams of
TRANSCRIPTIONS and TRANSLATION
• Answer the questions.
Return all colored pencils to the box when you are finished!
Intro. to Protein Synthesis
• Amoeba Sisters Video: “Protein Synthesis and
the Lean, Mean Ribosome Machines”
Transcription and Translation Practice
Greenhouse!
Put it all together!
Transcription!
Translation!
Now finish 10-16
White Board Warm-up!
1. Is the sequence below from a molecule of DNA or a
molecule of RNA? How do you know?
ATCGTAGGC
2. Write the complementary DNA sequence to the
strand above.
White Board Warm-up!
3. What are the monomers of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)?
4. List the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
5. How are DNA and RNA different?
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
DNA  RNA  Protein
Step 1
Step 2
Transcription or Translation?
How can you tell?
Transcription or Translation?
How can you tell?
Transcription or Translation?
How can you tell?
Transcription or Translation?
How can you tell?
What is this process???
How can you tell?
DNA
Replication
Protein Synthesis Practice Problems
• Complete all the questions.
• Use your notes if you need to!
• Work independently.
Essential Tasks
1. Contrast Translation and Transcription
– Translation is the creation of protein from mRNA
– Transcription is the creation of RNA from DNA
2. Track the production of proteins starting with
a single strand of DNA.
– DNA (transcription) mRNA – (translation via tRNA)
Amino Acid – Bind to form proteins
Happy Thursday!
• Complete the Warm-up!
Protein Synthesis Quiz will be after the warm-up
Protein Synthesis Quiz
• 15 minutes
• You may look at your notes during the last 3
minutes of the quiz. I will tell you when.
• All quizzes will be collected after 15 minutes.
Midterm Make-up Time
Test Takers:
 Turn in your Study Guide
to me.
 During the test:
 Mark in the test book
 Use a #2 pencil on the
bubble sheet
 Absolutely NO cell phones
OR headphones
 No talking
Everyone Else:
 Read and complete the
“How do Genes Work”
and answer questions 18.
 Read the section on DNA
Replication and
Mutations then answer
the questions
 Complete BOTH sides of
the worksheet
HOMEWORK
• Complete the DNA Replication and Protein
Synthesis Study Guide Sheet.
• You will need a blue mRNA codon chart!
Welcome Back!
• Complete the yellow warm-up sheet USING
YOUR NOTES on protein synthesis!
• Your Protein Synthesis Study Guide
(homework) will be DUE on Wednesday.
• Unit 6 Test is this Thursday
– DNA vs RNA
– DNA Replication
– Protein Synthesis
– Mutations
Protein Synthesis Quiz
(from last Thursday)
• 1. Given the following
DNA strand and the
mRNA codon chart, what
would the correct amino
acid sequence be? (First,
do transcription, then
translation)
DNA: T A C A T G C T C A T C
2. What process does this diagram
represent?(2 pts)
Explain how you can tell:
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
3. Which of these is most responsible for carrying coded information out of
the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
a. ATP
b. mRNA
c. DNA
d. tRNA
4. What process is shown in the
diagram to the right?
5. Genetic information usually flows in
one specific direction. Which of the
following best represents this flow?
a. DNA → Protein → RNA
b. Protein → RNA → DNA
c. RNA → Protein → DNA
d. DNA → RNA → Protein
6. Which statement about mRNA is correct?
a. It carries messages from the ribosomes to the mitochondria.
b. It carries messages from the mitochondria to the nucleus.
c. It carries messages from the chromosomes to the ribosomes.
d. It carries messages from the chromosomes to the mitochondria.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
Function (job/role) of #2:
Function (job/role) of #3:
Function (job/role) of #5:
7. What is the name of the process that is
occurring in the diagram?
Genetic Mutations POGIL
What mistakes can occur when DNA is replicated?
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Alex
___________
___________
____________
Kaylon
___________
___________
____________
Sha-Monie
___________
___________
____________
Diondra
____________
____________
____________
Devante
____________
____________
____________
These are the group Leaders/Managers.
Leaders, select 2-3 other class mates to join your group!
Mutations
Amoeba Sisters: “Mutations: The Potential
Power of a Small Change”
After watching first half: Fill in the worksheet!
Greenhouse!
Mutations Worksheet
Original DNA Sequence:
TACACCTTGGCGACGACT
Transcription!
mRNA
____________________
Translation!
Amino Acid Sequence:
Use the Codon Chart!
____________________
mRNA
AUG UGG AAC CGC UGC UGA
Amino Acid Sequence:
___________________________
Mutations Worksheet – Try one More
Mutated DNA Sequence #1:
TACATCTTGGCGACGACT
Transcription!
mRNA
____________________
Translation!
Amino Acid Sequence:
Use the Codon Chart!
____________________
mRNA
AUG UAG AAC CGC UGC UGA
Amino Acid Sequence:
___________________________
Will there likely be effects?
What kind of mutation?
Mutations Worksheet
Mutated DNA Sequence #2:
Transcription!
mRNA
TACGACATCTTGGCGACGACT
____________________
Translation!
Amino Acid Sequence:
Use the Codon Chart!
Will there likely be effects?
____________________
What kind of mutation is this?
Protein Synthesis Activity!
How does DNA Code for
Traits in Plants?
Greenhouse!
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• To start, read the “How do Genes Work” and
answer questions 1-8.
Greenhouse!