Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Structure
of
Atom
Element
Compounds of Calcium
Objectives:
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or
Preparation,
properties
and Uses
of Calcium
more elements,
chemically
combined
with one
oxide,
Calcium
hydroxide,
Calcium carbonate,
another
in a fixed
proportion.
Plaster of Paris and Cement.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the examples of
compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Element
Oil
Diagonal Relationship and
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Irregularity
Calcium oxide (CaO)
Compounds
Calcium oxide is usually made by the thermal
decomposition of limestone in a lime kiln.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
more elements, chemically combined with one
another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the examples of
As soon as carbon dioxide is
compounds.
produced
it is removed, so that the
reaction goes towards completion
(forward direction) and reverse
reaction is stopped.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Properties
Compounds
Lime is a white amorphous solid.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
Itmore
has a high
melting point
of 2600oC. combined with one
elements,
chemically
another in a fixed proportion.
It is highly stable and even fusion cannot decompose it.
On hydration, quick lime forms slaked lime or lime water. When
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
water is added to lime it becomes hot and cracks to form a white
methane
are
the examples
of
powder.
This isetc
called
slaking
of lime.
compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Properties
Compounds
Calcium oxide is a basic oxide. It can react with acids to give
calcium salts.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
more elements, chemically combined with one
another in a fixed proportion.
With acidic oxides like silicon dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide, it
forms silicates and phosphates. This property makes lime useful as
sugar, to
salt,
carbon
dioxide,
a Water,
flux in metallurgy
remove
impurities.
methane etc are the examples of
compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Uses
Compounds
Lime is indispensable for use with
mortar and plaster.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
Itmore
is usedelements,
as a reagent in
the
chemically
combined with one
manufacture of paper, high grade steel
another
and
cement. in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the Itexamples
of use in the
finds enormous
manufacture of soap, rubber, varnish
compounds.
and lime bricks.
Lime is used for medicinal purposes
and insecticides.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Compounds
Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called
slaked lime, is an inorganic compound
A compound
is a substance
with
the chemical formula
Ca(OH)2.
composed of two or
more elements, chemically combined with one
another
in a fixed
proportion.
It has
many names
including
hydrated lime, builders' lime, slack
lime, cal, or pickling lime.
Calcium hydroxide is produced commercially by treating lime with
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
water.
methane etc are the examples of
compounds.
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
In the laboratory it can be prepared by mixing an aqueous solutions
of calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Properties
Compounds
It is a colourless crystal or white powder. It is sparingly soluble in
water.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
When heated to 512 °C, it decomposes into calcium oxide and
more elements, chemically combined with one
water.
another in a fixed proportion.
Ca(OH)2 → CaO + H2O
sugar,
salt,
carbon
dioxide,
AWater,
suspension
of fine
calcium
hydroxide
particles in water is called
milk
of lime. The
is called
limewater
methane
etcsolution
are the
examples
of and is a medium
strength base that reacts with acids and attacks many metals.
compounds.
Limewater turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide due to
formation of calcium carbonate.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Uses
Compounds
Sodium hydroxide is used in the
preparation
of mortar
is one of
A compound
is awhich
substance
the components of building materials
composed of two or
more elements, chemically combined with one
Itanother
is used in white
of walls
in a washing
fixed proportion.
because of its insecticide nature.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the examples of
It is used in the purification of sugar
compounds.
and preparation of bleaching
powder.
It is also used as antiseptic.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Compounds
Calcium carbonate, also known as
limestone is a common substance found in
rocks
in all parts ofis
the
and is the
A compound
aworld,
substance
composed of two or
main component of shells of marine
more elements, chemically combined with one
organisms, snails, coal balls, pearls, and
anotherIt in
a fixed
eggshells.
is usually
theproportion.
principal cause
of hard water.
Water,
sugar, issalt,
carbon
dioxide,
Calcium
carbonate
prepared
from calcium
oxide. Water is added
to methane
calcium oxide
which
calcium hydroxide.
etc
aregives
the examples
of Carbon dioxide is
passed through this solution to precipitate the desired calcium
compounds.
carbonate.
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Properties
Compounds
Calcium carbonate is white fluffy powder and is almost insoluble in
water.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
It reacts with strong acids, releasing carbon dioxide.
more elements, chemically combined with one
anotherCaCO
in a3(s)
fixed
proportion.
+ 2 HCl
(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
It releases carbon dioxide on heating to form calcium oxide.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
CaCO
→ CaO(s) + COof
3(s) examples
2(g)
methane etc are
the
compounds.
Calcium carbonate reacts with water that is saturated with carbon
dioxide to form the soluble calcium bicarbonate.
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Uses
Compounds
In the form of marble as
construction material.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
It is used in production of quick
more elements, chemically combined with one
lime.
another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon
dioxide,
The mixture
of calcium carbonate
and magnesium
methane etc are the examples
of carbonate is used as
flux in the extraction of metal like
compounds.
iron.
It is used as antacid in medicines, as
abrasive in tooth paste and as filler in
cosmetic materials.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Plaster of Paris (2CaSO4.H2O)
Compounds
Plaster of Paris is a building material
used for coating walls and ceilings.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
Plaster
Paris is prepared
by heating
more ofelements,
chemically
combined with one
gypsum at 120°C in rotary kilns, where it
another in a fixed proportion.
gets partially dehydrated.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the examples of
compounds.
The temperature should be kept below 140°C otherwise further
dehydration will take place and the setting property of the plaster
will be partially reduced.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Properties
Compounds
It is a white powder.
When mixed with water (1/3 of its mass), it evolves heat and
A compound is a substance composed of two or
quickly sets to a hard porous mass within 5 to 15 minutes. During
moreaelements,
chemically
with
setting,
slight expansion
(about 1%) combined
in volume occurs
so one
that it
fills
the mould
and takes a sharp impression. The
another
incompletely
a fixed proportion.
process of setting occurs as follows:
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the examples of
compounds.
The first step is called the setting stage, and the second, the
hardening stage. The setting of plaster of Paris is catalyzed by
sodium chloride, while it is reduced by borax, or alum.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Uses
Compounds
In surgery for setting broken or
fractured
bones. is a substance
A compound
composed of two or
more
elements,
chemically
combined with one
For
making
casts for statues,
in
dentistry,
forin
surgical
another
a fixed proportion.
instruments, and toys etc.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the examples of
compounds.
In making black board chalks,
and statues.
In construction industry.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Cement
Compounds
A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens
independently, and can bind other materials together.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
more elements, chemically combined with one
another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the examples of
compounds.
It was first introduced by Joseph Aspidin in England in 1824. It is
also called Portland because it is similar to natural lime stone
available in the mines of stone in the ‘isle of Portland’.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Cement
Compounds
Cement is made by heating
calcium carbonate with small
quantities
of clay tois
1450
°C in
A compound
a substance
composed of two or
a kiln, in a process known as
more elements, chemically combined with one
calcination, whereby a
another
in a fixed
proportion.
molecule
of carbon
dioxide
is
liberated from the calcium
carbonate to form calcium
oxide
whichsugar,
is then blended
Water,
salt, carbon dioxide,
with
the other materials
methane
etc are that
the examples of
have been included in the mix.
compounds.
The
resulting hard substance,
called 'clinker', is then ground
with a small amount of gypsum
into a powder to make
‘Ordinary Portland Cement’.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Properties
Compounds
Cement if brought in contact with water, start gaining strength and
becomes hard.
A compound is a substance composed of two or
more elements, chemically combined with one
The quality of portland cement is known by silica module and
another in a fixed proportion.
Due to presence of iron, it appears like ash colour.
alumina module.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
methane etc are the examples of
compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Setting of Cement
Compounds
When cement is mixed with water, it sets down and a hard
substance
is formed.
is called composed
setting of cement.
A compound
is a This
substance
of two or
more elements, chemically combined with one
another in a fixed proportion.
The reason for addition of
Water,
salt,the
carbon dioxide,
gypsum
is sugar,
to slow down
time
of settingetc
of cement
so examples of
methane
are the
that it can become sufficiently
compounds.
hard. Its primary strength is
seven days.
Mineral Coal and Mineral
Elements
and Compounds
The
s-Block
Elements
Non-metals
Structure
Element
Oilof Atom
Extraction
ofofSulphur
Compounds
Lithium
and
Sodium
Calcium
Petroleum
Uses
Compounds
Cement is used widely for
the
of is
various
Aconstruction
compound
a substance composed of two or
structures. Some of them
more elements, chemically combined with one
are listed below:
in ais fixed
proportion.
 another
Cement slurry
used for
filling cracks in concrete
structures.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide,
 Cement concrete is used for the construction of various
methane
are the
examples
of tunnels, docks,
structures
like etc
buildings,
bridges.
water tanks,
harbors
etc.
compounds.
 Cement is used to manufacture lamp posts, telephone posts,
railway sleepers, piles etc.
 For manufacturing cement pipes, garden seats, dust bins, flower
pots etc., cement is commonly used.