Week #8 (12/2-12/6)
Warm Up – Mon, 12/2:
- AIMS Data Analysis
Biology Fun Fact:
The largest human
chromosome, chromosome
number 1, is ~220 million base
pairs long!
Agenda:
1.
Eyes of Nye: Human Characteristics &
Adaptations video & questionnaire
Pick up:
Eyes of Nye: Human
Characteristics &
Adaptations video &
questionnaire
AIMS Data Analysis
Homework:
1. DNA & Replication
Quiz – Tues, 12/3
2. Bring in a SMALL
(~1/4 cup) sample
of your favorite
Thanksgiving
leftover (food) for
our lab next class –
Thurs, 12/5
Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the workings of DNA & RNA Replication &
Protein Synthesis.
AIMS DATA ANALYSIS
3. According to the information given in
Study 2, a climber ascending Mt.
Everest would need to produce more or
less heat energy in order to cook food as
they got closer to the summit (top) of
the mountain?
K. More
L. Less
EYES OF NYE: HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS &
ADAPTATIONS
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Ever wonder what causes you
to look & act different than
your brother or sister, even
though you are related?
Ever wonder what causes you
to look & act different than
someone who is from Russia,
China or Africa?
As you watch the video, be
listening for the answers to fill
in the blanks!

At the end of the video, you will
be asked to share 3 new ideas or
facts you learned!
Week #8 (12/2-12/6)
Warm Up – Tues, 12/3:
- AIMS Review – DNA Replication (Pg. 5) - SOC
Biology Fun Fact:
We have 30,000- 40,000
genes, each with coding for
important functions.
Agenda:
1. DNA Replication Quiz
2. DNA Extraction Lab Pre-lab set-up
Pick up:
AIMS Review
Packet (put your
NAME on it & do
NOT lose it!!!)
Homework:
1. Bring in a SMALL
(~1/4 cup) sample
of your favorite
Thanksgiving
leftover (food)
for our lab next
class – Thurs,
12/5
Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the workings of DNA & RNA Replication &
Protein Synthesis.
Pg. 48 – DNA & DNA Replication Quiz
DNA & DNA REPLICATION QUIZ
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Yes, you may listen QUIETLY to your music once the Quiz
begins.
Yes, you may use your Science Notebook as a Resource…
No, you may NOT talk!
Make sure your NAME, DATE & PER go at the TOP of the
quiz!
Answer BOTH sides.
Turn your Quiz in to the Hmwk Bin when finished!


Go QUIETLY to your Lab Station to find your test tube from
the lab.
Record your observations of the “layers” that have formed in
your test tube on the last page of your Lab handout.
Week #8 (12/2-12/6)
Warm Up – Thurs, 12/5:
- Background Info: What kind of cells (if any) is your
food sample made of…Plant? Animal? Combo of both?
Biology Fun Fact:
In the same way that the English language has
26 letters that are scrambled in several million
ways to make words, the language of the
genome is has 4 letters (A , T, G & C) that are
scrambled several million times to make the
genetic code.
Have out:
Your Thanksgiving
leftovers sample
Pick up:
DNA Extraction
Lab handout
Agenda:
1.
Begin Thanksgiving Left-overs DNA
Extraction Lab
Homework: None
Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the workings of DNA & RNA Replication &
Protein Synthesis.
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB PROCEDURES
Visualizing the Genetic Code of your Thanksgiving Left-overs!
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1.
DNA is the “blueprint of life”, so you should be able to
extract the DNA from anything that is/was living! Let’s
try it!
PURPOSE: In your group, which food sample will
provide the most DNA be extracted from a cell?
Mashing your sample: Put a
“Spoonful” of your Thanksgiving
left-over (food sample) in a plastic bag
& begin to mash & mosh your sample.
- Label your baggie with a Sharpie with your NAME & SAMPLE!
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB PROCEDURES
DNA Lab animation, Part 1 (Intro slides 1-7 & Step 1)
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As ‘knead’ your mixture, watch the animation & use the
information to refresh your memory about the cell’s structure
& oriente yourself to the process of DNA Extraction.
Fill in the « Background Information » section of your Lab
handout.
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB – WHY STEP 1?
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Why are you mashing your food sample?
Mashing & moshing the
food sample separated the
cells & began to break
apart the cell membranes.
But where is DNA located?

DNA is found inside the
nucleus within each cell,
which is also surrounded by a membrane!
 How
do you think we can break apart both membranes that
surround the DNA?
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB PROCEDURES
Visualizing the Genetic Code of your Thanksgiving Left-overs!
2. Adding the Mystery Solution: Pour 25 mL of
the “Mystery DNA Extraction solution” in to
your baggie & continue to mash your sample.
- What do you need to read to get an accurate
measurement?
3.
Put your baggie on ice for 20 mins.
- Why are we putting our “soup” on ice?
4.
Return to the front of the class.
- Using your knowledge of the molecules, the cell & tonicity,
what do you think is in the “mystery solution”?
DNA Lab animation, Part 2 (Burst open cells)
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB – WHY STEP 2?
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To see the DNA, we have to
break open the 2 membranes
that surround the DNA
(plasma & nuclear).
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We do this with the “Mystery
Solution”!
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What do you think could “break
apart these membranes?
Why detergent? How does detergent work?
Soap molecules & grease molecules are made of
2 parts:
Heads “like” water = hydrophilic
Tails “fear” water = hydrophobic
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB – WHY STEP 2?
Both soap & grease molecules organize
themselves in
spheres with their
heads outside to
face the water &
their tails inside to
“hide” from the water.
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When soap comes close to grease, their similar
structures cause them to combine, forming a
greasy soapy ball.
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB – WHY STEP 2?
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A cell's membranes have 2
layers of lipid (fat)
molecules with proteins
going through them.
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What do we call the cell
membrane because of its 2
layers of fats?
When detergent comes close
to the cell, it captures the
lipids & proteins.
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After adding the “Mystery
Solution”, what do you have in
your soup?
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB – WHY STEP 2?
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How can we further expose the nucleus of the cell (where
the DNA is)?
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What is cytoplasm made of?
If we get rid of most of the cytoplasm, would that get us closer to
the nucleus of the cell?
What else do you think is
in the “Mystery Solution”?
What kind of solution
(hypertonic, hypotonic or
isotonic) is the Mystery
Solution?
What is going to happen to
the cells when mixed in
this solution? Lysing?
Crenation? Nothing?
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB – WHY STEP 2?
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The DNA in the nucleus of the cell is
molded, folded & protected by proteins.
 DNA Lab animation, Part 3 (Separate
DNA from proteins)
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In an actual DNA Laboratory, lysis
solution would be used to separate the
DNA from the surrounding proteins.
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In this lab, meat tenderizer (& other substances,
like pineapple juice & contact cleaning solution)
acts as an enzyme to cut proteins, just like a pair
of scissors, away from the DNA.
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What do enzymes do?
What else do you think is in the “Mystery Solution”?
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB PROCEDURES
Return to the lab, find your baggie & remove it from the ice.
6. Collecting Data: Now pour your “soup” through the black
mesh “strainer” into a small beaker, removing
just the fluid part of your soup.
YOU MUST WASH THE BLACK MESH BETWEEN
FOOD SAMPLES to AVOID CROSS-CONTAMINATION!!!
- Pour the fluid contents into the test tube &
put the cap on the test tube.
DO NOT POUR “Solidy” contents down the SINK!
Put in TRASH!
- Measure & write down how much “Original
Amount of Sample” you have strained.
- What unit of measurement are you using?
5.
Week #8 (12/2-12/6)
Warm Up – Fri, 12/6:
-
Review of DNA Extraction Lab so far…
Have out:
DNA Extraction
Lab
Biology Fun Fact:
Scientists (geneticists)
still don't know the
function of more than
80% of human DNA
(“junk DNA”).
Agenda:
1.
Finish Thanksgiving Left-overs DNA
Extraction Lab
2. Discuss Conclusions & turn in!
Homework:
1. DNA Extraction
Lab Applications
Write-up – Thurs,
12/12
Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the workings of DNA & RNA Replication &
Protein Synthesis.
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB SO FAR…
1.Why were the cells mashed?
To break apart the cell walls (plants) or cell
membrane (animal), thus breaking the cells
apart from each other.
2.Why was detergent (soap) added to the cell sample?
To dissolve the cell membrane & nuclear membrane,
thus releasing the DNA.
3.Why was enzyme (meat tenderizer) added to the
sample?
To release the DNA from the proteins that
hold it in chromosome form.
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB PROCEDURES
Visualizing the Genetic Code of your Thanksgiving Left-overs!
7. Adding Isopropyl Alcohol: Tilt your test tube & slowly pour
isopropyl alcohol (70-95%) into the tube down the side so that
it forms a layer on top of the mixture. Pour until you have
about the same amount of alcohol in the tube as mixture.
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Recap your test tube.
Carefully put your test tube in the beaker to settle out. (Wait 5 mins)
As you are waiting, make observations
of your experiment. Draw your test tube.
What’s going on? What can you see?
What do you think is happening that
you cannot see?
What are the “layers” forming in your
test tube? Identify them in your drawing.
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB PROCEDURES
Visualizing the Genetic Code of your Thanksgiving Left-overs!
DNA Lab animation, Part 4 (Isolate concentrated DNA)
Alcohol is less dense than water, so it floats on top. Look for clumps of
white stuff where the water & alcohol layers meet.
8. Identifying the DNA: DNA is a long, stringy
molecule. The salt added in Step 1 (“Mystery
Solution”) helps it stick together. So the clumps
you see are tangled DNA molecules!

DNA normally stays dissolved in water, but when salty DNA comes in
contact with alcohol it becomes undissolved (solidified). This is
called precipitation. The force of the DNA clumping together as it
precipitates pulls more strands along with it as it rises into the
alcohol.
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB PROCEDURES
Collecting data: Measure the amount of the “DNA layer” in
your test tube & compare with that of your group members’.
Share your data & record in the data table.
9.
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Was DNA extractable from every food sample?
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Why do you think different foods gave us different amounts of
DNA?
10.Clean Up!!!
a. Wash test tubes with soap, water & test tube brush. Then
dry.
b. Wipe down & dry off station.
c. CAREFULLY reset up supplies in the blue tubs.
L? – DNA Extraction Lab
DNA EXTRACTION LAB CONCLUSIONS
1.Why were the cells mashed?
To break apart the cell walls (plants) or cell membrane
(animal), thus breaking the cells apart from each other.
2.Why was detergent (soap) added to the cell sample?
To dissolve the cell membrane & nuclear membrane, thus
releasing the DNA.
3.Why was enzyme (meat tenderizer) added to the sample?
To release the DNA from the proteins that hold it in
chromosome form.
4. Why was isopropyl alcohol added to the sample?
To separate the DNA away from the cell debris to make
it more visible.
L? – DNA Extraction Applications Write-up
DNA EXTRACTION APPLICATIONS WRITE-UP
Applications
DUE Thurs, 12/12
- What are the applications or uses of DNA Extraction?
Identify & explain at least 2 uses for this lab.
- Research a case (study or scenario) in which DNA
was used.
- MUST include a “Works Cited” page (last page of
report) to cite your source!!!
-IF NO WORKS CITED, IT IS PLAGAIRISM = “0”!!!
This APPLICATIONS WRITE-UP is DUE Tues, 12/12 & falls
into the Assignment Category of LABS/LAB REPORTS
which is worth 30% of your overall grade!!!
AIMS DATA ANALYSIS – MAKING DATA
MEANINGFUL
Pg. 64 – DNA Extraction Lab Report
DNA EXTRACTION LAB REPORT
PURPOSE: In your group, which food sample will provide the
most DNA be extracted from a cell?
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Look at your data.
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Graph your Quantitative Data.
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What kind(s) of graph could you create?
Don’t forget…
• Title (IV & DV), Axis Labels (units), Key/Legend (if necessary)
Write out the results.
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Is this quantitative, qualitative or both?
Were ALL groups members able to extract DNA from your food source?
Why? Why not?
Are all foods made from/of something made from cells?
Make a conclusion.
•
Use your results to answer the Purpose.
Pg. 64 – DNA Extraction Lab Report
DNA EXTRACTION LAB REPORT
Applications
- What are the applications or uses of DNA Extraction?
Identify & explain at least 2 uses for this lab.
- Research a case (study or scenario) in which DNA
was used.
Pg. 64 – DNA Extraction Lab Report
DNA EXTRACTION LAB REPORT
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Use the guides on Pg. 59 & 60 to help you CORRECTLY
write your Lab Report!
See me or Mr. D for HELP, if needed!
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REMEMBER:
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Each section needs a Section Heading!
 Make sure the sections are in the CORRECT ORDER!
 Grammar, spelling & punctuation are important!
 Be thorough & explain concepts learned through the lab
so that a younger sibling, mom or dad, or friend could
UNDERSTAND EXACTLY what you DID & LEARNED!
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DUE Wed, 12/5 & Thurs, 12/6