What is National Defense?
Congressional Power
US Constitution
Article One, Section 8
• “To raise and support armies, but no
appropriation of money to that use shall be
for a longer term than two years;
• To provide and maintain a navy;
• To make rules for the government and
regulation of the land and naval forces;”
The Federal Budget
Federal Budget Process and Schedule
•
•
•
•
•
Jan-Feb: Pres. submits budget to Congress
Mid-Feb: CBO submits report to Congress
Mid-March: Committees Report
Mid-April: Completion of Budget resolution
June: Appropriations Bills completed in
House
• July: Pres. Gives mid-session review
• September: Budget passed by Congress
• October 1: Fiscal year begins
Fiscal Years
Budget for 2017
• Submitted to Congress January 2016
• Passed by Congress in September 2016
• Fiscal 2017
– Begins October 1, 2016
– Ends September 30, 2017
Numbers FY 2014
Federal Budget 3,778,000,000 22% of GDP
DoD Budget
526,600,000 3% of GDP
All defense $
615,000,000 4% of GDP
All defense $
17 % of federal budget
(Historical Tables)
FY 2014 Summary
FY 2016 Budget
• Interactive Budget
• Historical Tables from FY 2016 Budget
• DoD Budget Fact Sheet FY 2016
Defense as % of Federal Budget
Federal Budget Historical
Federal Budget Projections
Defense Budget Process
The White House:
National Security
Strategy of the US
DoD: Defense
Strategic Guidance,
QDR, JCS, Services,
Combatant
Commanders
CONGRESS
W.H. Office of
Management and
Budget
Budget Submission and
Annual Report to
Congress of SecDef
DoD Budget in Congress
Three Phases
1. Congressional Budget Resolution (FebruaryApril)
2. Authorization (Spring/Summer)
3. Appropriations (Summer/Fall)
1. Congressional Budget Resolution
• Early February: President submits Budget
• Committees in Congress: until April
• Budget Committee reports CBR April 15
– Senate Budget Committee
– House Budget Committee
2. Authorization
• House Armed Services Committees
• Senate Armed Services Committee
•
•
•
•
•
National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2013)
National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2014)
National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2015)
(passed December 2014)
FY 2015 Information and Hearings (SASC)
3. Appropriations
• Defense Subcommittee of House
Appropriations Committee
• Defense Subcommittee of Senate
Appropriations Committee
•
•
•
•
Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2013)
Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2014)
Consolidated Appropriations FY 2014
Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2015)
Two Year Budget Cycle
• 2017: Off Year: New Pres. makes adjustments
to previous President’s budget
• 2018: On year: President submits first budget
that is really his/hers
• 2019: Off year: Pres. Submits adjustments to
the two year budget
• 2020: On year: Whose Budget?
What’s in the DoD Budget?
By Appropriations Title
% of FY 15
1. Military Personnel
27%
2. Operations and Maintenance
40%
3. Procurement
18%
4. RDT&E
13%
5. Military Construction
1%
6. Family Housing
.2%
7. Revolving and Management Funds .2%
What’s in the DoD Budget?
By Military Department
% of FY 2015
Army
Navy
Air Force
Defense-Wide
24%
30%
28%
18%
FY 2015 Breakdown by Service
(as % of Service Budget)
Category
Army
Navy
Air Force
Military Personnel
47%
31%
25%
O and M
35%
31%
33%
Procurement
12%
25%
24%
RDT&E
6%
11%
16%
The Rest
Under 1%
About 2%
About 2%
Total Force Policy and the AllVolunteer Force (1973)
FY 2015
(1,000s)
Army
Active
Army
Reserve
and
Guard
Navy
Active
Navy
Reserve
USMC
Active
USMC
Reserve
Air
Force
Active
Air
Reserve
and
Guard
490
552
324
57
182
39
310
172
Active and Guard Component
FY 2015
Army
Active
Army
National
Guard
Air Force
Active
Air Force
National
Guard
Brigade Combat
Teams
32
28
NA
NA
Air:
• Combat
Aviation
Brigades
(Army)
• Squadrons
(Air Force)
11
8
36
20
Iraq Deployments 2005
(From Linwood B. Carter. “Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces.” CRS Nov. 28, 2005
Army
Navy
USMC
Air Force
Total
Active
78,490
2,315
20,600
7,559
108,964
Reserve
10,320
650
2,274
665
13,909
Guard
34,662
447
35,109
Total
123,472
8,671
157,982
49,018
(Guard and
Reserve:
31%)
2,965
22,874