What is National Defense? Congressional Power US Constitution Article One, Section 8 • “To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; • To provide and maintain a navy; • To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;” The Federal Budget Federal Budget Process and Schedule • • • • • Jan-Feb: Pres. submits budget to Congress Mid-Feb: CBO submits report to Congress Mid-March: Committees Report Mid-April: Completion of Budget resolution June: Appropriations Bills completed in House • July: Pres. Gives mid-session review • September: Budget passed by Congress • October 1: Fiscal year begins Fiscal Years Budget for 2017 • Submitted to Congress January 2016 • Passed by Congress in September 2016 • Fiscal 2017 – Begins October 1, 2016 – Ends September 30, 2017 Numbers FY 2014 Federal Budget 3,778,000,000 22% of GDP DoD Budget 526,600,000 3% of GDP All defense $ 615,000,000 4% of GDP All defense $ 17 % of federal budget (Historical Tables) FY 2014 Summary FY 2016 Budget • Interactive Budget • Historical Tables from FY 2016 Budget • DoD Budget Fact Sheet FY 2016 Defense as % of Federal Budget Federal Budget Historical Federal Budget Projections Defense Budget Process The White House: National Security Strategy of the US DoD: Defense Strategic Guidance, QDR, JCS, Services, Combatant Commanders CONGRESS W.H. Office of Management and Budget Budget Submission and Annual Report to Congress of SecDef DoD Budget in Congress Three Phases 1. Congressional Budget Resolution (FebruaryApril) 2. Authorization (Spring/Summer) 3. Appropriations (Summer/Fall) 1. Congressional Budget Resolution • Early February: President submits Budget • Committees in Congress: until April • Budget Committee reports CBR April 15 – Senate Budget Committee – House Budget Committee 2. Authorization • House Armed Services Committees • Senate Armed Services Committee • • • • • National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2013) National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2014) National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2015) (passed December 2014) FY 2015 Information and Hearings (SASC) 3. Appropriations • Defense Subcommittee of House Appropriations Committee • Defense Subcommittee of Senate Appropriations Committee • • • • Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2013) Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2014) Consolidated Appropriations FY 2014 Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2015) Two Year Budget Cycle • 2017: Off Year: New Pres. makes adjustments to previous President’s budget • 2018: On year: President submits first budget that is really his/hers • 2019: Off year: Pres. Submits adjustments to the two year budget • 2020: On year: Whose Budget? What’s in the DoD Budget? By Appropriations Title % of FY 15 1. Military Personnel 27% 2. Operations and Maintenance 40% 3. Procurement 18% 4. RDT&E 13% 5. Military Construction 1% 6. Family Housing .2% 7. Revolving and Management Funds .2% What’s in the DoD Budget? By Military Department % of FY 2015 Army Navy Air Force Defense-Wide 24% 30% 28% 18% FY 2015 Breakdown by Service (as % of Service Budget) Category Army Navy Air Force Military Personnel 47% 31% 25% O and M 35% 31% 33% Procurement 12% 25% 24% RDT&E 6% 11% 16% The Rest Under 1% About 2% About 2% Total Force Policy and the AllVolunteer Force (1973) FY 2015 (1,000s) Army Active Army Reserve and Guard Navy Active Navy Reserve USMC Active USMC Reserve Air Force Active Air Reserve and Guard 490 552 324 57 182 39 310 172 Active and Guard Component FY 2015 Army Active Army National Guard Air Force Active Air Force National Guard Brigade Combat Teams 32 28 NA NA Air: • Combat Aviation Brigades (Army) • Squadrons (Air Force) 11 8 36 20 Iraq Deployments 2005 (From Linwood B. Carter. “Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces.” CRS Nov. 28, 2005 Army Navy USMC Air Force Total Active 78,490 2,315 20,600 7,559 108,964 Reserve 10,320 650 2,274 665 13,909 Guard 34,662 447 35,109 Total 123,472 8,671 157,982 49,018 (Guard and Reserve: 31%) 2,965 22,874