Chapter 10
Where Does Knowledge Come From?
조숙환
swcho@sogang.ac.kr
부전자전?
(박순천 그림)
van Petrovich Pavlov,1849-1936
Pavlov’s dog
mental lexicon
(abstract concept)
a particular language is independent of a
particular person’s thinking processes
Mentalist wars
Steinberg & Sciarini 2006
pp. 205-207
http://youtu.be/Rv2amqKJ5Rg
http://youtu.be/SEBLt6Kd9EY
http://youtu.be/9uSTEQy8DKg
Empiricists
Locke (1690), Skinner (1957)
The mind at birth is blank, tabula rasa.
Ideas are derived “entirely through
experience.
Intelligence is NOT knowledge, but a
means for acquiring knowledge, and is
developed from the ideas imprinted by
experiences in the mind. (p. 206)
Empiricists
Putnam (1967)
Humans are born with INTELLIGENCE that
has developed through evolution.
Intelligence “incorporate General Multipurpose learning strategies” (e.g., word
order, phonetic salience, frequency,
memory functions, similarities, etc.) via
inductive reasoning/analyses.
(p. 206)
해마 hippocampus
사례
WORD ORDER/SALIENCE/FREQUENCY/MEMORY (hippocampus 해마)
나는 사과를 먹었다.
사과를 나는 먹었다.
사과가 나에게 먹혔다.
bachelor
home vs. house
‘서강대학교’
‘난 네가 좋아.’
‘I think that Tom goes to school in Inchon.’
Empiricists
Piaget
Piaget posited “innate ‘indifferentiated
schemas’ out of which intelligence would
develop.” (p. 206)
Piaget “preferred to derive intelligence
from action and experience.” (p. 206)
Note: Steinberg & Sciarini (2006) have not provided the details
concerning Piaget. We will wait to discuss Piaget until we start
Chapter 1. (- S. W. Cho)
Rationalists
Descartes (1641)
Basic ideas (God, triangle, etc.) are “already
in the mind at birth,” and we use ‘reason’
in activating these ideas. (p. 207)
Rationalists
Chomsky (1959 – currently)
Many ideas “are already in the mind at
birth.
There are ideas of a ‘distinct language
nature,’ a set of innate language ideas
called ‘Universal Grammar,’ existing
independently of reason, logic, or
intelligence. (p. 207)