Where we left off…
 Hitler’s youth: Surviving Child, attended Vienna
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school to become an artist
Served in WWI as a communication runner and was
injured twice
Hitler blamed everyone but Germany for losing the
war, thought it was a political scheme
He became fascinated with Nationalism and antiJewish philosophies
He joined the party, takes leadership, creates the
NAZI party, and stages a coup in 1923 – Beer Hall
Putsch
Where we left off
 Fails, get’s arrested and writes a book in jail: Mein
Kampf which becomes a national best seller
 Gains a lot of popularity and is appointed chancellor
in 1933
 In 1935, the president dies and he becomes the
Fuhrer
 He Stops elections, takes absolute power of Germany
Make sense up until now?
Discussion: Groups
 1) What was the Treaty of Versailles? What happened to
Germany?
 2) What is the National Socialism Worker’s party, why
were they formed? What did they want?
 3) List a few of Hitler’s belief. Are they the same as those
from members of the National Socialism Worker’s party?
 4) How did he take power?
The Rise of Dictators
THE FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
YouTube
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezao4SaB_94
DID YOU RECOGNIZE ANYONE?
The Birth of the League of nations
 Originally proposed by the United
States at the end of WWI (Woodrow
Wilson’s 14 points)
 Designed to be a place to discuss
international conflict and ensure
peace through mutual defense
 Flawed from beginning
- USA didn’t join
- Soviet Union and Germany were
not allowed in
- The Spirit of Locarno (avoid war at
all costs)
 The League was just the will of
England and France (both withdrew
from aggressive foreign policy after
the war)
What is totalitarianism?
Think, pair, share
Totalitarianism
- A term used by some political
scientists to describe a political
system in which the state holds
total authority over the society
and seeks to control all aspects
of public and private life
wherever possible
- First developed in a positive
sense in the 1920s by the
Weimar German jurist
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REGIMES
Totalitarianism (Extreme,
total power)
Democracy
Charisma
High
Medium
Role conception
Leader as function
Leader for the people
Ends of power
Public
Private
Corruption
Low (no need, no
tolerance)
High
Official ideology
Yes
No- Not as it seems
pluralism
No
Yes- Liberal,
conservative, green party,
etc.
Legitimacy
Yes (because they make it
so)
Yes
Dictator; what is it?
 Name me a few qualities of a Dictator:
 1)
 2)
 3)
 4)
 5)
Dictators
 Well Usually…
 They are quite intelligent (Sometimes)
 They are power Hungry
 Charismatic
 They take power during Crisis
 They promise a better Future
 They are patriots- Proud
 They rage RAGE WAR
 They terrorize
OUR FIRST TOTALITARIAN REGIME
What country is this?
Imperial Japan
 In the 1930’s, Japan’s
government was lead by
the Military
 Driven by their lack of
natural resources and
their dependence on
foreign trade (especially
with the USA), Japan
attempted to expand its
empire into Asia
SO..
 In 1932, Japan conquers Manchuria (North of
China)
 In 1937, Japan attacks China
Nice? **** no
 The Japanese were not very kind (like most
totalitarian regimes)
Japanese Atrocities
 The Japanese Imperial Army
was extremely brutal in their
treatment of the enemy
 They routinely killed
prisoners of war, murdered
civilians, kidnapped girls to
be used as “comfort women,”
and used chemical and
biological weapons against
defenseless people
 The world was outraged but
the League of Nations did
nothing to stop them
OUR NEXT DICTATOR IS
Fascist Italy
 Benito Mussolini, a former newspaper
editor, comes to power in Italy after the
“March on Rome” in 1922
 He is riding the people’s anger over
Italy’s treatment at the treaty of
Versailles, crushing poverty and a
failing Italian government
 Mussolini creates fascism – a
combination of dictatorship (one
person in charge), nationalism,
imperialism, militarism with work
creation schemes and social programs
to provide for the people
 Mussolini become wildly popular and
served as a model for Hitler and other
dictators
Basically
Fascism: the country is considered more
important than any one person, group,
liberty, or provision.
Their race is the master race
One leader
They support labor Unions (in theory)
They allow private economy but they
control it
Created because they thought democracy
was weak.
What does the symbol mean? A Fasces
 This is an ancient Imperial Roman symbol of power
carried by lectors in front of magistrates; a bundle of
sticks featuring an axe, indicating the power
over life and death
 The image has survived as a representation of
magisterial power
Like most dictators, Mussolini grew power hungry, so he…
A) Steps down from power
B) Invades other countries
Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
 As part of his idea to “rebuild the Roman Empire”

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Mussolini invades Ethiopia (the last free African State)
The Ethiopians have few advanced weapons but
effectively fight a guerilla style war
The Italians became frustrated with the lack of progress
and decided to force Ethiopia’s surrender by attacking
civilians
Hundreds of thousands are killed as the Italians bomb
and shell innocent people in their homes
Again, the world is outraged but nothing is done to stop
the horror
DO YOU SEE THE PATERN?
 HITLER AND MOUSSOLINI APPEAL TO THE
PUBLIC BECAUSE?
 DISCUSS
 Think of the WAVE
NEXT UP: Joseph Stalin
 Joseph Stalin
comes to power in
the Soviet Union
(formerly Russia)
 Perhaps the most
brutal dictator in
history
 Starves to death,
imprisons and
executes millions
of his own people
And finally: Francisco Franco & Spanish Civil
War
 Francisco Franco, Spanish
General, invades Spain
from Morocco
 A civil war starts between
Franco’s supporters and
the rest of Spain
 Italy and German sent
troops and weapons to
help Franco
 Franco seizes power in
1939
REMEMBER
 THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS IS NOT DOING A
DAMN THING
In Summary
 Dictators (Franco, Mussolini,




Hitler etc.) rise from poverty and
discontent
They use brutal methods at home
and against other nations
The League of Nations does not
have the strength or will power to
stop them
Since these dictators are not
stopped, they only become more
bold and aggressive
The failure of the League of
Nations to act created a situation
where dictators eventually gained
so much power that it took a full
scale war to stop them
Today
What about the U.S
 TOP 10 DICTATORS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZmduW_Ye_8