Population
Population Increase
World Population Growth
Where is the increase happening?
Where is the increase happening?
Why did this increase occur?
Agricultural Revolution – more stable food supply, less
famines.
Industrial and Scientific Revolutions – better
machinery developed for agriculture. Better farming
techniques developed. Advances were made in
healthcare and medicines which saved more peoples
lives.
Population Growth
Today, approximately 132 million people are born each
year, while only 53 million people are dying each year.
Therefore the population of the world is continuing to
grow.
The population of countries in Africa and Asia are
increasing rapidly, while those in Europe, America, and
Japan are increasing slowly.
In some countries such as Germany the population is
actually decreasing.
Almost all of the increase in population is taking place in the poorer
countries of the south.
Population Growth
Population Growth
The Population Cycle
The population of all countries goes through a population
cycle.
There are 5 stages in the population cycle.
Countries move through the different stages of the cycle
as a result of their social and economic development.
The Population Cycle
The Population Cycle – Stages 1-5
Stage 1: High birth rate, high death rate. Low population growth due
to famine, disease, and natural disasters.
Stage 2: The economy improves. Money is spent on healthcare and
clean water. Birth rate stays high, death rate drops a lot. Population
increases.
Stage 3: Social and economic development continues. People start
having less children as most children survive to adulthood.
Stage 4: The country is now wealthy. Family planning is widespread.
Low birth rate and death rate. Small population growth.
Stage 5: People have very few children. The death rate is higher than
the birth rate. The population starts to decline.
Factors Affecting Population Change
Food Supply
Increased food supply allows the population to grow. When people
have enough food they are likely to be healthy.
Improved Technology
Farming has improved as a result of better machines, the use of
fertilizers, and irrigation practices. This has boosted food supply
allowing the population to grow.
Health
Improved access to safe drinking water decreases diseases such as
cholera, typhoid. Improved vaccinations prevent people getting ill
allowing them to live longer.
Factors Affecting Population Change
War
Millions of people have been killed in wars over the years. During war
agriculture, water supplies, and health services are destroyed which
also leads to increased death rates.
The Status of Women
In wealthy countries women have a high status in society. They have
high levels of education and many choose to have careers rather
than work in the home. They tend to have less children. In poorer
countries many women stay at home and have large families.
Education
Education gives people control of their lives, especially women.
Educated women plan the size of their families. They learn about
good diet, healthcare, and hygiene practices. This reduces illnesses
and allows children to grow up healthy.
Factors Affecting Population Change
The Status of Women
When women are educated
and involved in careers outside
the home they have less
children.
This greatly reduces the
population growth of a country.
3 Children Families
After 3 generations
there are 27 children
being born.
2 Children Families
After 3 generations
there are only 8
children being born.
Factors Affecting Population Change
Education levels – Female Literacy
Future Population Growth???
If the world’s population continues to increase as it has over the past
50 years, there will be more than 11 Billion people by the year 2040.
However, people in many countries are starting to have fewer
children.
Access to clean water, vaccinations, and education are resulting in
mothers have smaller families because all of their children are living
healthy lives and surviving to adulthood.
Therefore, population growth should fall in the coming years.
Population Pyramids
Population Pyramid - Germany
What % of Germany’s
population is in the age group
15-19 years?
Which age group makes up the
greatest % of Germany’s
population?
There are more women aged
75-79 years in Germany than
men. True or False?
Explain one reason why a small
% of Germany’s population is in
the age group 0-4 years.
Population Pyramid - Ireland
There are more females than
males aged 80-84 years in
Ireland. True or False?
Less than 8% of Ireland’s
population is in the age group 04 years. True or False?
More than 12% of Ireland’s
population is in the age group
20-24 years. True or False?
Population Pyramid - Brazil
Which age group makes up
the largest % of Brazil’s
population?
More than 6% of Brazil’s
population is made up of
women aged 10-14 years.
True or False?
More than 4% of Brazil’s
population is in the age group
35-39 years. True or False.
Calculate the % of Brazil’s
population aged 20-29 years.
Are Population Pyramids Useful?
Population pyramids show the
% of males and females in the
different age groups.
They allow governments to
plan things like where to build
schools, hospitals, and other
healthcare facilities.
They also allow government to
forecast tax and pension
needs.
Population Growth – Is it Good or Bad?
The rapid population growth since 1800, and especially since 1950
has occurred because people are living longer, healthier lives. Less
children are dying in the poorer countries because they have more
access to food, medicines, and clean water than in the past.
However, this rapid population growth is causing huge problems on
our planet. Many people now agree that there are too many people
on the planet and that we should try to stop the population from
increasing further.
More people on the planet means more environmental damage such
as deforestation, desertification, and species extinction. It is also
contributing to the problem of global warming.
Population Distribution
Population distribution refers to
how people are spread throughout
the world. Population distribution
is very uneven.
People do not like to live in places
that are too hot, too cold, too wet,
or too dry.
Population densities are very low
in these types of areas.
Population Distribution
Population Density
Population density refers to the
average number of people living in a
square kilometre.
Calculate the population density of
the;
- Complete grid.
- Right half of the grid.
- Left half of the grid.
Each grid is 1 km². The number is
the number of people living in each
grid.
4
3
14
17
5
4
9
11
4
3
12
10
World Population Density
Population Change in the West of Ireland
The population density of the west of Ireland has changed
dramatically in the past 200 years.
Before the Famine in the 1840’s the population rose sharply.
During the Famine, many people died or emigrated to the UK or the
US.
Emigration continued after the Famine and so the population of the
west declined for more than 100 years.
Population Trends – Co. Clare
In which year did the population of
Co. Clare reach its highest level?
In which year did the population of
Co. Clare reach its lowest level?
Explain 2 reasons why the
population of Co. Clare went
down.
Calculate the difference between
the population in 1821 and 2002.
Explain why the population has
increased since 1966 – 2002.
Population Change: Clifden Rural District and Galway
What has happened to the population of Clifden rural district since
1911?
What has happened to the population of Galway since 1911?
Explain two reasons why these changes have taken place.
Suggest one thing that the government could do to stop this pattern
from continuing.
Population Density - Dublin
The Dublin region has a high population density.
Almost 1/3 of Ireland’s population live in the Dublin region.
There are a number of reasons for this.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dublin is where the government of Ireland sits.
It is Ireland’s main port.
It is Ireland’s main transport focus. (Air, Sea, Rail, Roads).
It is Ireland’s most important educational, cultural, and commercial
centre.
Dublin is therefore a zone of attraction for migrants, and foreign
direct investment.
Population Density - Dublin
Population Density in Dublin: Change over time.
Up until the 1960’s, most people in the Dublin region lived in the city.
However, since then many people have moved out of the city to live in the
suburbs.
The suburbs developed around villages in West Dublin like Tallaght, Lucan,
Blanchardstown, and Clondalkin.
They also developed along the coast of North Co. Dublin.
The Growth of Dublin
The Growth of Dublin
Population Density in Dublin: Change over time.
Much of the growth in
Dublin’s population has
occurred in west Dublin.
Using evidence from the
map, suggest 3 reasons for
this.
1.
2.
3.
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Population Density in Brazil
Brazil is a large country and its
population is still increasing
quickly.
However, the population is
unevenly distributed.
Most people live along the
coast. The population density
is high.
Fewer people live inland. The
population density is low.
Population Density in Sweden
Like Brazil, Sweden’s
population is unevenly
distributed.
Most of the people live in the
south of Sweden.
Fewer people live in the north
of Sweden.
Why do you think this is?
Population Density in Sweden
The climate is warmer in the
south.
There is better farmland in the
south.
There are many mineral resources
which are used to make steel
products in the cities of the south.
There are good ports in the south
which are important transport links
to European markets.
Low Population Density
Areas of low population density have few people living in them.
In Ireland they are usually isolated rural areas or islands.
Outward migration from these areas is leading to a decrease in the
population.
Young people leave these areas when they go to university or for
work. They go to the big cities like Dublin, Cork, and Galway.
This can lead to many problems such as;
- Low marriage rates – few young people remain to start families.
- Abandoning farmland – young people don’t want to work on the farm.
- Economic isolation – Businesses won’t set up there because there are
few workers or customers.
The pull of the Leinster Region
What has happened to
the population of Leinster
since 1926?
What has happened to
the population of
Connacht and Ulster
since 1926?
Why do you think this is
happening?
High Salaries in the Dublin Region
Using evidence from the graph above, explain why people are attracted to
the Dublin region.
Low Population Density – West Clare
Using evidence from the
graph explain one reason
why the population of this
West Clare parish is
declining.
Suggest one reason why
fewer children are being born
in the parish today.
Suggest one thing the Irish
government could do to try to
reverse this situation.
Low Population Density - Mali
Low Population Density - Mali
Mali is one of the world’s poorest countries. It has a low population
density.
Mali has a lack of rainfall and so it suffers from drought. This causes
animals to die and crops to fail.
Part of Mali is covered by the Sahara Desert, and the desert is
getting bigger each year. This is called Desertification.
The small population is spread throughout this huge country.
Therefore, in this poor country it is difficult to make schools and
health centres, and adequate roads for the people.
Mali – Some Facts
Population – 11 million
Life Expectancy – 42 years
Infant Mortality – 120 per 1000 (Ireland = 6)
Population with clean water – 65%
School Age Children – 42%
Adult Literacy – Men = 49%
Women = 34%
High Population Density - Calcutta
Calcutta is a city in India. It is one of the world’s largest cities.
More than 13 million people live there. It has many problems.
Problems in Calcutta
1.
Rapid Population Growth – High birth rate, many rural migrants
due to poverty, famine, flooding, and violence in the countryside.
2.
Shortage of Clean Water – The rise in population makes it difficult
to provide clean water to everyone. People in the shanty towns
are not connected to the water supply.
3.
Overcrowding – More than 32,000 people / km². Many people live
on footpaths, under bridges and on derelict sites.
The Pull of the City in Poor Countries
Emigration – Push and Pull Factors
Push and Pull Factors in China
Calcutta
Cities in the Developing World
The World’s Largest Cities
What is the largest city in
the world?
How many people live
there?
What is the largest city in
America?
How many people live in
Buenos Aires?
High Population Density – Hong Kong
High Population Density – Hong Kong
There are about 7 million people living in Hong Kong. However, there is
much less poverty compared to Calcutta.
Problems in Hong Kong
1.
2.
3.
Refugees – Millions of migrants came from mainland China and Vietnam.
Pollution – Hong Kong is very polluted. Traffic congestion and pollution
from factories has polluted the air and the sea.
Lack of Space – Most people live in huge high rise flats and apartments.
Polders have been developed to create new industrial spaces.
Can you remember what a Polder is?
Which European country has also created Polders?
What similarities exist between Hong Kong and this European country?
People on the Move
Emigration – Push and Pull Factors
Emigration – People Leaving
Emigration – People Leaving
Describe what happened to
Ireland’s population from 1841
-1966.
Explain why this happened.
Describe what happened to
Ireland’s population from 1966
– 2002.
Explain why this happened.
Immigration – People Arriving
Revision Questions - Population
Describe what happened to world population between 1700 and 1900.
Describe what happened to world population between 1900 and 2000.
Why was there an increase in population between 1700 and 1900?
Why was there a rapid increase in population between 1900 and 2000?
Why has most of the population increase since 1950 occurred in developing
countries?
Draw and label a diagram of the Population Cycle.
List three pieces of information shown on your diagram.
List the 5 stages shown on your diagram.
Explain what is happening to the population in each stage of the cycle and why
it is happening.
List 6 factors that can affect population change.
Explain in detail how any two of these factors affects population change.
Explain 3 differences between the population pyramids of Germany and Brazil.
Explain in detail why the shape of Brazil’s population pyramid is different to
Germany’s population pyramid.
List 3 specific pieces of information shown on the population pyramid of
Ireland.
Explain two ways that compiling population pyramids are useful to
governments.
Revision Questions - Population
Dublin is a Primate city with a high population density. Explain why.
Explain 3 reasons why Dublin is growing in a westward direction.
Name one region in Ireland where low population density is a problem.
Explain why the region has a low population density and some problems it
experiences as a result.
Name one European country you have studied with an uneven population
distribution. Explain in detail how and why the population is distributed.
Name one non-European country you have studied with an uneven
population distribution. Explain in detail how and why the population is
distributed.
Name one country you have studied with a low population density. Explain
two problems low population density can cause.
Name one city you have studied with a high population density. Explain two
problems high population density can cause.
Explain the push factors which forced Irish people to emigrate from Ireland
and the pull factors that attracted them to the UK and the USA.