AP Euro-Lively
Unit5: The Expansion of 18th Century Society and The French
Revolution
Chapters 19-21 Study Guide
Part I Identifying Key Terms
Directions: Part I of the study guide is not required! These terms are provided so that you know who
is important and what concepts to know. While reading, pay attention to these people and terms as they
appear. While preparing for an essay/exam, be sure to know a basic description of each of these as well
as its significance to its historical context.
Part I
Identifying Key Terms
Notable People
Turnip Townsend
Jethro Tull
Louis XV
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Abbe Sieyes
Thomas Jefferson
Maximilian Robespierre
Napoleon Bonaparte
Klemens von Metternich
Jean-Paul Marat
Olympe de Gouges
Georges Danton
Thomas Paine
Edmund Burke
Jacques-Louis David
Terms and Events
Elimination of the fallow
Enclosure Movement
Industrious Revolution
War of Austrian Succession
Seven Years’ War
Illegitimacy Explosion
Consumer Revolution
Old “Ancien” Regime
Storming of the Bastille
Cahiers de doleances
Napoleonic Code
Committee of Public Safety
Constitution of 1791
Continental System
Part II
August Decrees
Thermidorean Reaction
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Women’s March on Versailles
Directory
Estates-General
Great Fear
Jacobin Club
National Assembly
Girondists vs. Mountain
Reign of Terror
National Convention
Republic of Virtue
Emigres
Sans-culottes
Tennis Court Oath
Political liberalism
Concordat
Cult of Reason
Lycee
Plebiscite
Coup d’etat
Battle of Waterloo
Congress of Vienna
Review Questions
Directions: Check your understanding of this chapter by answering the following questions in about
four-five well written and effective sentences each.
1. What were three defining characteristics of the agricultural revolution, and what effect did
this have on society?
2. Was the dramatic growth in population due to a declining death rate or an increasing birth
rate, and what factors contributed to this phenomenon?
3. How do you explain that prior to 1750 there were few illegitimate children but that there
was a growth of illegitimacy thereafter?
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4. What were the patterns of popular religion, and how did they interact with the worldview of
the educated public and their Enlightenment ideals?
5. Describe the various forms popular leisure took in the eighteenth century and describe how
and why changes were underway.
6. The ideas of liberty and equality were the central ideas of classical liberalism. Define these
ideas. Are they the same as democracy?
7. What was the impact of the American Revolution on France and on the rest of Europe?
8. What were the long term (political, social, and intellectual) causes and short terms
(economic) causes of the French Revolution? In your answer, be sure to describe the nature
of the Old Regime.
9. With the calling of the Estates General, “the nobility of France expected that history would
repeat itself.” Did it? What actually did happen?
10. What were the cause and the outcome of the peasants’ uprising of 1789?
11. What were the reforms of the National Assembly? Do they display the application of
liberalism to society?
12. Who were the sans-culottes? Why were they important to radical leaders such as
Robespierre? What role did the common people play in the Revolution?
13. How did Robespierre seek to establish a “Republic of Virtue”?
14. Describe the state of revolutionary France just before Napoleon came to power. How did
Napoleon seize power?
15. How can Napoleon be considered an Enlightened despot? Was he more enlightened or more
despotic? In your answer, make sure to refer to the internal reforms that he established
within France as well as the ways in which he curtailed the rights of French citizens.
16. Describe the Grand Empire of Napoleon in terms of its three parts. Was Napoleon a liberator
or a tyrant?
17. How did war with Austria and Prussia during the early stages of the French Revolution
contribute to the birth of French nationalism? How did the reforms of Robespierre foster the
growth of such nationalism, and how did Napoleon’s conquest of Europe spark the growth
of nationalism in other countries?
18. Using the philosophies of Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire, describe the changes in
government throughout the French Revolutionary period (1789-1814).
19. How and to what extent did Enlightenment ideas about religion and society shape the
policies of the French Revolution in the period 1789-1799?
Part III Chronological Awareness
Directions: Place the following events in the correct chronological order. Provide the year of each
event. Since the events are given to you in a sequence that is out of chronological order, please
reorder the events correctly. In the event that one or more of the events listed below do not have a
single year in which it took place, provide the appropriate date ranges. Rewrite this list in the
correct chronological order, providing the year of the event, occurrence, or trend.
1. Louis XVI is executed
2. Battle of Waterloo
3. Napoleon proclaims himself Emperor
4. The French Directory is established
5. Storming of the Bastille
6. Establishment of the Concert of Europe
7. Battle of Trafalgar
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8. Failed invasion of Russia by Napoleon
9. American Declaration of Independence is adopted
10. Louis XVI convenes the Estates-General
Part IV Multiple Choice Practice
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested
answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case, and then write the letter and the
answer of your choice on your study guide.
1. Two events that showed the rapidly escalating crisis in 1789 were
a. The storming of the Bastille and the Great Fear.
b. The taking of the Bastille and the beheading of Louis XVI.
c. The beheading of Louis XVI and the rise of Napoleon.
d. Napoleon’s marriage to Marie of Austria and his defeat of England.
e. Napoleon’s Hundred Days and his defeat at Waterloo.
2. How did Napoleon rise to power in France?
a. After a great victory against the British in Egypt, he claimed the throne of France.
b. Born in Paris during the heart of the Enlightenment, Napoleon claimed he could put
Enlightenment ideals into place.
c. Napoleon’s charismatic personality and great military leadership encouraged people to
support him as he led a coup d’etat.
d. His belief in the Republic of Virtue put him in the Directory, giving him direct access to
power.
e. Thanks to his close association with the Jacobins, Napoleon rose through the support of
the political clubs in France.
3. After the French Revolution began, what countries became its most vocal enemies?
a. Spain and Austria
b. Prussia and Italy
c. The Netherlands and Italy
d. Italy and Spain
e. Austria and Prussia
4. The final act that led Louis XVI to threaten to dissolve the Estates-General was
a. The Estates-General’s vote to disband Louis’ government and to institute a more liberal
form of government.
b. The Third Estate’s creation of the National Assembly and its pledge to draw up a new
constitution for France.
c. A moved by the First Estate to enrich its position as the nobility of the sword.
d. His fear of the impact of the American War for Independence.
e. The enlightened ideas of the philosophes, especially those who advocated violent
revolution against the old order.
5. What was the role of women in the French Revolution?
a. Because women could read, they were allowed to join the various radical parties.
b. Women were not involved in the Revolution, but were given a role in church, where they
read from the gospel and collected money.
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c. Women were allowed to vote as long as they voted in specially designated areas.
d. Women could not join men’s political clubs, but they did form their own.
e. Women gathered to combine their flour to make loaves of bread that they could share.
6. As a result of the Great Fear,
a. The First and Second Estates remained untaxed.
b. The Bastille was destroyed.
c. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were killed.
d. Nobles were forced to give up their titles and aristocratic privileges.
e. Women marches on Versailles and demanded a reduction in bread prices.
7. Napoleon successfully accomplished which of the following?
a. An economic and military blockade against England
b. The reestablishment of the Holy Roman Empire
c. Invasion and subjugation of Russia
d. The elimination of primogeniture and peace with the Roman Catholic Church
e. The creation of a new peacekeeping body known as the Congress of Vienna
8. The American Revolution
a. resulted in a complete social and political change for the colonists.
b. was an economic defeat for the Americans as they attempted to gain control over the
Atlantic Ocean trade.
c. was spurred by the French Revolution and the agitation of Enlightenment thinkers.
d. culminated in a complete British military defeat that hastened Britain’s political decline.
e. was a military victory for the colonists as they singlehandedly defeated their mother
country.
9.
Who is most likely to have invited others to take “the most effectual means…to put the king of
France in a state to strengthen…the bases of a monarchical government”?
a. a concerned European monarch
b. a French Jacobin
c. the leader of the Reign of Terror
d. an American who sympathized with the French revolutionary cause
e. a member of the sans-culottes
10. Which was NOT an attempt to change French culture during the radical stage of the French
Revolution?
a. Metric system of measurement for all of France
b. A new secular calendar
c. Promotion of Deism with celebrations of the Supreme Being
d. Dress codes for citizens
e. Restrictions on the production of consumer goods
Note: Incomplete study guides will receive a 10 point penalty. This will not be allowed to be made
up via redo. Organize your time and work on your study guide a little bit at a time. Substantially
incomplete study guides will be graded, but considered late, and only allowed to be redone up to 25
points.
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Study Guide Grading Rubric. 50 points.
Review Questions (20 points) - 4 questions will be selected at random from those above. Each will
be worth 5 points.
Multiple Choice (10 points) - This section is worth 10 points. 1 point will be deducted for each
incorrect response.
Chronology (10 points) - This section is worth 10 point. Points will be deducted for each incorrect
response.
Overall Completion (10 points) - 10 points will be awarded for completion of all questions and
parts.
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