Term 332
EE2010: Signals and Systems Analysis
2. Introduction
Dr. Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah
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Dr. Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah
‫ مجاهد آل ضيف هللا‬.‫د‬

Office: Dean Office.
 E-mail: muja2007hed@gmail.com
 Telephone: 7842983
 Office Hours: SMT, 1:30 – 2:30 PM,
or by appointment
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Rules and Regulations
 No



make up quizzes
DN grade == 25% unexcused absences
Homework Assignments are due to the
beginning of the lectures.
Absence is not an excuse for not
submitting the Homework.
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Grading Policy

Exam 1 (10%),
 Exam 2 (15%)
 Final Exam (60%),
 Quizzes (5%)
 HWs (5%)
 Attendance & class participation (5%), penalty for late
attendance
 Note: No absence, late homework submission
allowed without genuine excuse.
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Attendance
Regular lecture attendance is required.
There will be part of the grade on
attendance
 If you missed any class or tutorial, you
are still responsible for anything you
miss—announcements, quizzes, etc.

Quizzes
Announced
 After each HW. From HW material

Assignment Requirements
Late assignments will not be accepted.
 assignments are due at the beginning of
lecture.
 Sloppy or disorganized work will
adversely affect your grade.

Exams
Attendance is mandatory.
 Make-up exam are not given unless


a valid, documented emergency has arisen
Homework

Send me e-mail

Subject Line: “EE 2010 Student”
The Course Goal
The aim of this course is to provide an
understanding of the fundamentals and
analysis of electric circuits.
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Course Objectives
After successfully completing the course, the students will
be able to
1.
Understand the fundamental concepts of electric
circuits.
2.
Understand the main circuit elements including energy
storage elements.
3.
Learn the different circuit analysis techniques.
4.
Obtain the equivalent circuits and find out the
conditions of maximum power transfer.
5.
Apply analysis techniques to sinusoidal circuits.
6.
Evaluate the power in sinusoidal circuits.
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Textbooks

Introductory Circuit Analysis

Robert Boylestad
Course Syllabus
1. Introductory material: Introduction
2. Basic circuit elements and concepts:
Current, Voltage, Resistance. Chapters (2
and 3)
3. Basic laws of circuit theory: Ohm's law,
Power and Energy. Devices: Battery,
Power Supply, Multi-meters, Circuit
Breakers (Chapter 4)
4. Series Circuits, Kirchhoff's Voltage law.
(Chapter 5)
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Course Outlines
4. Parallel Circuits, Kirchhoff's Current law
(Chapter 6)
5. Series - Parallel Circuits. (Chapter 7)
6. Techniques of circuit analysis: Source
transformation, nodal and mesh
analysis. (Chapter 8)
7. Circuit theorems: superposition
principle, Thevenin and Norton
theorems; maximum power transfer
theorem. (Chapter 9)
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Course Outlines
6. Capacitors, Inductors, Series and Parallel
connection. (Chapters 10 and 12)
7. Sinusoidal Source, Complex Numbers,
Frequency Domain (Phasor) Circuit.
(Chapters 13 and 14).
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Current, Voltage and
Resistance
EE 2010: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Mujahed AlDhaifallah
Atoms and their structure
electron
neutron
proton
Atomic Structure
Mass of an Electron = 9.11 x 10-28 gm.
 Mass of a Proton = 1.672 x 10-24 gm.
 Proton is ~1836 times heavier than the
electron

Atomic Structure
Unit of Charge = Coulombs
 Charge on electron = charge on a proton
= 1.6 x 10-19 C
 1 Coulomb = Charge on 6.242 x 1018
electrons

Coulomb’s Law

Like charges repel, opposites attract
F = k Q1 Q2 / r2
 k = 9 x 109 (units?)

Coulomb’s Law

Like charges repel, opposites attract
F = k Q1 Q2 / r2
 K = 9 x 109 N m2/C2

Conduction
In metals, the electrons are “more free”
than the insulators.
 Whenever there is a charge present at
one end, the electrons flow to (or away)
from that charge.

Current
Rate of flow of charge
 1 Amp = 1 Coulomb / 1 Second.

Question





If a laptop constantly needs 2 Amps current
from a battery, how many electrons are
drained from the battery in one hour?
1 Amp = 6.242 x 1018 electrons/second
2 Amp = 12.484 x 1018 electrons/second
In one hour - > 3600 x 12.484 x 1018 electrons
Answer is 4.49 x 1022 electrons
Question
What’s the weight of all those electrons?
 4.49 x 1022 x 9.11 x 10-28 gm
 4.09 x 10-5 gm

Equations
I = Q/ t
Q=Ixt
 t = Q/I

Examples
Find the current in amperes if 650 C of
charge pass through a wire in 50 s.
 If 465 C of charge pass through a wire in
2.5 min, find the current in amperes.
 If a current of 40 A exists for 1 min, how
many coulombs of charge have passed
through the wire?

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Example

Consider the plot of net positive charge
moving past a point shown in Fig. Over
the time interval 1 s ≤ t ≤ 3 s. Find i(t)
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Potential
Every particle of mass m raised to a
height h above the earth’s surface has a
potential energy m.g.h
 This potential energy can be raised by
raising the particle a little higher
 When the particle is set free, it travels to
the point of least potential.

Electric Potential
Similarly, a charge wants to travel to a
lower “electric” potential.
 A negative charge on the other hand,
wants to travel to a higher potential.
 Each point in a circuit has a potential.

Voltage
Voltage is always measured between
two points.
 It is defined as the difference of potential
between the two points.
 Measured in volts

Volts

1 volt is defined as the potential
difference, which results in an energy
exchange of 1 Joule due to the
movement of 1 Coulomb across it.
DC Voltage Supply
Conductivity

Copper is the most
popular conductor.
Metal
Conductivity (%)
Silver
105
Copper
100
Gold
70.5
Aluminum
61
Tungsten
31.2
Nickel
22.1
Iron
14
Constantan 3.52
Nichrome
1.73
Calorite
1.44
Resistance

Resistance is proportional to length
length
direction of current flow
Resistance

Resistance is inversely proportional to
the cross sectional area
direction of current flow
Resistance
R = ρ L/A
 ρ is the resistivity of
the material (units?)

Material
ρ (10-8 Ohm-Metres)
Silver
Copper
Gold
1.645
1.723
2.443
Aluminum
Tungsten
2.825
5.485
Nickel
Iron
7.811
12.299
Tantalum
Nichrome
15.54
99.72
Tin Oxide
Carbon
250
3500
Color Coding
5 Bands of code (3 are mandatory)
 Bands 1 - 3  the value of the resistor
 Band 4  the range (tolerance)
 Band 5  the reliability

Color Code (Band 1-3)
Color
Value
Black
0
Brown
1
Red
2
Orange
3
Yellow
4
Green
5
Blue
6
Violet
7
Gray
8
White
9
Example
2
6
x
103
= 26 K Ohms
Band 3 (special cases)

Gold = 0.1


Red Blue Gold = 2.6 Ohm
Silver = 0.01

Red Blue Silver = 0.26 Ohm
More Bands
Band 4
Tolerance
Gold
5%
Silver
10%
None
20%
Band 5
Reliability
(after 1000 Hrs of use)
Brown
1%
Red
0.1%
Orange
0.01%
Yellow
0.001%
Example
= 26 K Ohms ± 5%, 1 in 100,000 fails after 1000 hrs of use