1
2
Tenderfoot Requirement #12
a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is choking.
b. Show first aid for the following:
•Simple cuts and scrapes
•Blisters on the hand and foot
•Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first degree)
•Bites and stings of insects and ticks
•Venomous snakebite
•Nosebleed
•Frostbite and sunburn
Second Class Requirement #6
a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested
poisoning.
b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
• Object in the eye
• Bite of a suspected rabid animal
• Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook
• Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree)
• Heat exhaustion
• Shock
• Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilation
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First Class Requirement #8
b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle. and for injuries on
the head, the upper arm, and the collarbone.
c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with one other person, a
person: from a smoke-filled room
with a sprained ankle, for at least 25 yards.
d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack.
e. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR).
4
Tenderfoot Requirement #12
a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is
choking.
b. Show first aid for the following:
•Simple cuts and scrapes
•Blisters on the hand and foot
•Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial,
or first degree)
•Bites and stings of insects and ticks
•Venomous snakebite
•Nosebleed
•Frostbite and sunburn
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a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is choking.
Heimlich maneuver
Step One: Ask the choking person to stand if he or she is sitting.
Step Two: Place yourself slightly behind the standing victim.
Step Three: Reassure the victim that you know the Heimlich maneuver and are going to
help.
Step Four: Place your arms around the victim's waist.
Step Five: Make a fist with one hand and place your thumb toward the victim, just above
his or her belly button.
Step Six: Grab your fist with your other hand.
Step Seven: Deliver five upward squeeze-thrusts into the abdomen.
Step Eight: Make each squeeze-thrust strong enough to dislodge a foreign body.
Step Nine: Understand that your thrusts make the diaphragm move air out of the
victim's lungs, creating a kind of artificial cough.
Step Ten: Keep a firm grip on the victim, since he or she can lose consciousness and
fall to the ground if the Heimlich maneuver is not effective.
Step Eleven: Repeat the Heimlich maneuver until the foreign body is expelled.
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b. Show first aid for the following:
•Simple cuts and scrapes
•Blisters on the hand and foot
Simple Cut
•Will have dirt ground into the skin, so make sure it is clean…you may have to scrub a little!
• Bandage to keep clean and dry. Change dressing frequently if wound is seeping
moisture.
•Steps
•Stop the bleeding
•Clean the wound
•Apply Antibiotic
•Cover with band aid
Blisters
•Usually form on the foot or the hands.
•Common cause is from rubbing inside shoe or glove.
•Treat as a wound – clean with soap and water. Usually don’t break deep blister.
•Some superficial blisters can be lanced with a sterile needle, cleaned, and bandaged.
•Keep off pressure by changing socks/gloves, bandage, or using moleskin.
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b. Show first aid for the following:
•Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first degree)
•Bites and stings of insects and ticks
First Degree Burns:
•Skin is red, dry, and painful
•Minimal swelling
•Skin not broken
Bandage if
necessary. Skin
lotion may be helpful
(Aloe). 911 may not
be needed.
Tick Sting
•Not poisonous
•Can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever or Lyme disease
•Tick embeds it’s mouth parts in skin and may remain for days
•Removal
•Do not try to remove an embedded tick by:
•
covering it with petroleum jelly
Grasp close to skin
•
soaking it with bleach
with tweezers and pull
•
burning it away
gently until tick lets
Allergic Reactions
go, or slide credit card
•
Ask the person if they need help,
under from the rear
Then call 911 and help them use there
Meds like a epi-pen etc.
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b. Show first aid for the following:
•Venomous snakebite
•Nosebleed
Venomous Snake Bite First Aid For:
•
Have victim lie down and stay calm (Keep
bitten area immobile and below level of heart)
•
Call 911
•
Wash bite wound with soap and water
•
Remove jewelry or tight clothing before swelling
•
Do not try to catch snake but note appearance
Nosebleed
•Sit the person down with head held well forward
•Do not let their head tip back - blood may run down
throat
•Pinch the nose firmly whilst bending forward just
below the bridge
•After ten minutes release the pressure
•If there is still bleeding reapply the pressure for
further periods of ten minutes
•If the nose bleed persists beyond 30 minutes get help
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b. Show first aid for the following:
•Frostbite
Frostbite:
•Looks Like:
•Skin looks waxy and white, gray, yellow, or bluish
•Area is numb or feels tingly or aching
•Severe frostbite:
•Area feels hard
•May become painless
•After warming, area becomes swollen and may blister
•First Aid For:
•
Move victim to warm environment
•
Hold frostbitten area in hands to warm it – do not rub
•
Remove any tight clothing or jewelry around area
•
Put dry gauze or fluffy cloth between frostbitten fingers or toes
•
Do not use fire, heat lamp, fire, heating pad to re-warm
•
Seek medical attention
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+
=
b. Show first aid for the following:
•Sun Burn
•First Aid For:
•Steps:
•Get out of the sun. Staying in the sun after the burn is present will make it worse.
Look for blisters. Blistering means the skin is completely damaged and complications are
likely. If the area with blisters is bigger than one entire arm or the whole abdomen, seek
medical attention by calling 911 or visiting the emergency department.
•Take a cool shower or bath to soothe the pain.
•Apply aloe or another cooling agent. Whatever you use - DO NOT APPLY BUTTER OR OIL
TO ANY BURN!
•Over the counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used for the pain of a
sunburn. If stronger pain relief is needed, contact a physician or go to the emergency
department.
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12
Second Class Requirement #6
a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing,
serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.
b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
• Object in the eye
• Bite of a suspected rabid animal
• Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook
• Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree)
• Heat exhaustion
• Shock
• Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and
hyperventilation
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Second Class Requirement #6
a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested
poisoning.
•Stopped Breathing:
•See the next set of slides:
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If You Encounter An Unconscious
Victim –> Do ABCs
A
B
C
Open
Check For
Check
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
15
A - Open
Airway
B - Check for
breathing
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C - Circulation
 Check a pulse – at wrist or throat
17
Check Pulses Now
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Second Class Requirement #6
a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested
poisoning.
Stopped Breathing:
•See slide #24
Rescue Breathing:
• See slide #24
Serious Bleeding
•See slide #28
Ingested Poison
•See Slide #35
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Rescue Breathing
for
Non-Breathing
Adults
20
Rescue Breathing
 Start immediately
if victim not
breathing
 Don’t forget to
have someone call
911
 It is possible that
heart could still
be beating – only
rescue breathing
needed.
21
Rescue Breathing Techniques
1.
2.
3.
4.
Position the victim on their
back
Open the airway
Use a barrier device if you
have one
Watch victim’s chest rise
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One breath
every five
seconds
23
Dealing With
Cuts and Bleeding
24
Bleeding Control
Best Methods Are:
 Direct Pressure
 Elevation
25
Apply pressure
directly to the
wound
Direct Pressure
26
Raise limb above
heart level, keep
applying pressure
Elevation
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You Should Clean Most Wounds
 Unless the wound is very large or bleeding seriously,
clean the wound to help prevent infection
 Wash your hands first and wear gloves if available
28
Signs and Symptoms of Infection
 Pain
See a health
care
provider
immediatel
y
 Pus
 Fever
 Wound area is red, swollen, and warm
 Red streaks or trails on the skin near the wound
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Scrapes
/
Abrasions
 Will have dirt ground into the skin, so make sure it is
clean…you may have to scrub a little!
 Bandage to keep clean and dry. Change dressing
frequently if wound is seeping moisture.
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Poisoning
31
Swallowed Poisons
Small
children love
pretty bottles.
 If someone is poisoned you could see nausea, vomiting,
abdominal cramps, drowsiness, dizziness
 Determine (if you can) what was swallowed, when, and
how much.
 Call Poison Control Center or 911
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Carbon Monoxide
 Invisible, odorless, and
tasteless—and very lethal
 May be present from motor
vehicle exhaust, a faulty
furnace, fires, some camping
heaters
 Exposure to large amounts
causes an immediate
poisoning reaction
 Get victim away from source
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First Aid for Drug Overdose




Put unresponsive victim in
recovery position, check
ABCs, and call 911
For responsive victim
ensure it is safe to
approach
If behavior is erratic or
violent, call 911 and stay
away
Try to find out what drug is
involved
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Poison Plants
35
Poison Ivy
Poison Oak
Poison Sumac
36
First Aid for Poison Plants
 Wash area thoroughly with soap and water
 For severe reactions or swelling of face, victim needs
medical attention
 Treat itching with calamine lotion, topical
hydrocortisone cream, and oral antihistamine
 Wash clothing, shoes and pets
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b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.
•See the group leader so you can complete this requirement later.
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
• Object in the eye
• Bite of a suspected rabid animal
Object In The Eye
•Do not rub eye
•Gently pull upper eyelid out and down over lower eyelid – this sometimes works
•Gently flush eye with water from medicine dropper or water glass – don’t allow water to run into
other eye
•If the particle is visible, carefully try to remove it with a clean cloth or clean gauze pad
•If victim has any vision problems or pain, cover eye with sterile dressing and seek medical
attention
•For minor wounds. If the bite barely breaks the skin and there is no danger of rabies, treat it as a
minor wound. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water. Apply an antibiotic cream to
prevent infection and cover the bite with a clean bandage.
•For deep wounds. If the animal bite creates a deep puncture of the skin or the skin is badly torn
and bleeding, apply pressure with a clean, dry cloth to stop the bleeding and see your doctor.
•For infection. If you notice signs of infection, such as swelling, redness, increased pain or oozing,
see your doctor immediately.
•For suspected rabies. If you suspect the bite was caused by an animal that might carry rabies —
including any wild or domestic animal of unknown immunization status — see your doctor
immediately.
Need To Know
38
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
• Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook
• Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree)
•Puncture Wound:
•
If an object is embedded in the body don’t pull it out. Bandage in place and go to emergency
room.
•
If the object has already been removed wash thoroughly – infection is more likely because
germs have been pushed deeper in the body.
•
Depending on where and how deep – this may still need a doctor’s care – you can’t see how
deep it went or what is going on inside the body.
•Serious Burns
•Skin is swollen and red, may be blotchy or streaked
•Blisters that may be weeping clear fluid
•Very Painful
Apply a
loose dry
bandage
and call 911
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c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
• Heat exhaustion
• Shock
Heat Exhaustion:
Heat exhaustion develops when body becomes dehydrated in hot environment
•Heavy sweating
First Aid For:
•Thirst
•Move victim from heat to rest in cool place
•Fatigue
•Loosen or remove unnecessary clothing
•Heat cramps
•Give sports drink or water to drink
•Then
•Raise feet 8-12 inches
•Headache
•Put wet cloths on forehead and body or spray skin with water
•Dizziness
•Seek medical care if victim’s condition worsens or does not
•Nausea
improve within 30 minutes
•Vomiting
Shock
•Not enough blood is getting circulated around the body.
•Untreated – it can lead to death.
•Can be caused by all kinds to things like:
•Severe bleeding
•Heart problems
•Nervous system injuries
•
Maintain victim’s
•Dehydration
•Serious infections normal body temperature
•
Have victim lie on back
•Severe burns
and raise legs 8 to 12 inches
•Allergic reactions (except with spine injury)
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What is Shock?
Not enough blood is getting
circulated around the body.
Untreated – it can lead to death.
Can be caused by all kinds to things like:
 Severe bleeding
 Heart problems
 Nervous system injuries
 Dehydration
 Serious infections
 Severe burns
 Allergic reactions
41
Shock Looks Like…
 Scared/confusion
 Rapid, shallow
 Dizziness
breathing
 Nausea/vomiting
 Thirst
 Pale/bluish skin
 Cold/clammy skin
Shock, if untreated, can lead to death.
42
First Aid for
Shock
Maintain victim’s
normal body
temperature
Have victim lie on back
and raise legs 8 to 12
inches (except with
spine injury)
43
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
•Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilation
Heat Stroke:
•A life-threatening emergency more common during hot summer periods
•May develop slowly over several days or more rapidly with strenuous activity in the heat
•Different from heat exhaustion:
•Skin is flushed and feels very hot and dry to touch; skin may by pale, or may turn red if
severe
•Victim becomes confused, irrational, may become unresponsive or have convulsions
Treatment for dehydration:
If caught early, dehydration can often be treated at home under a physician's
guidance. In children, directions for giving food and fluids will differ according to
the cause of the dehydration, so it is important to consult your pediatrician.
In cases of mild dehydration, simple rehydration is recommended by drinking
fluids. Many sports drinks on the market effectively restore body fluids,
electrolytes, and salt balance.
For moderate dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required, although if
caught early enough, simple rehydration may be effective. Cases of serious
dehydration should be treated as a medical emergency, and hospitalization,
along with intravenous fluids, is necessary. Immediate action should be taken.
Dehydration:
•Symptoms
•thirst
•less-frequent urination
•dry skin
•fatigue
•light-headedness
•dizziness
•confusion
•dry mouth and mucous membranes
•increased heart rate and breathing
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c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
•hypothermia, and hyperventilation
Hypothermia:
•Occurs when body cannot make heat as fast as it loses it
•Internal body temperature drops below 95°F
•Can occur whenever and wherever a person feels cold, including indoors in poorly heated areas
•
Symptoms
•
Shivering (but stops in severe hypothermia)
•
Confusion, or irrational
•
Lethargic, drowsiness
•
Pale, cool skin
•
Changing Levels of responsiveness
•
First Aid For:
•
Call 911 for all severe hypothermia victims
•
Quickly get victim out of cold, and remove wet clothing
•
Have victim lie down and cover with blankets
•
Serious cases need immediate medical care
Hyperventilation
Signs & Symptoms
•Your heart pounds. It feels like you can't get enough air. You feel tingling and numbness in the
arms, legs, and around the mouth. You feel a sense of doom. You may pass out.
Cure:
•Open up a small paper bag. Loosely cover your nose and mouth with it. Breathe slowly into the
bag. Re-breathe the air in the bag. Do this about 10 times. Set the bag aside. Breathe normally for
a couple of minutes. Repeat the steps above for up to 15 minutes. Try to breathe slowly. Focus on
45
taking one breath every 5 seconds.
46
First Class Requirement #8
b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle.
and for injuries on the head, the upper arm,
and the collarbone.
c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with
one other person, a person: from a smokefilled room
with a sprained ankle, for at least 25 yards.
d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart
attack.
e. Explain the steps (procedures) in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
47
First Class Requirement #8
b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle. and for injuries on the head, upper arm and the
collarbone.
Bandage For A Sprained Ankle
•
Immobilize area in position found
•
Put ice or cold pack on area
•
Wrap joint with compression bandage
•
Use soft splint to immobilize and support joint
•
Seek medical attention if appropriate
Injury To The Head
•
See the demonstration.
Upper Arm
•
See the demonstration
Collarbone
•
See the demonstration
48
First Class Requirement #8
c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with one other person, a person: from a smoke-filled
room
See slide 37
d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack.
•Some Include:
•Persistent pressure, tightness, ache, or pain in chest
•Pain in neck, shoulders, or arms
•Shortness of breath
•Dizziness, lightheadedness, feeling of impending doom
•Pale skin, sweating
•Nausea
e. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
•See slide 46
49
Shoulder Drag
Support the
head
Use for short
distances
50
Ankle Drag
Use for
short
distances
51
Packstrap Carry
Unresponsive victim
who cannot safely
be dragged
52
One Person Walking Assist
Responsive
victim who can
walk with help
53
Two Person Walking Assist
54
Fireman’s Carry
Note
lock
Usehand
wrist
lock
55
Piggyback Carry
Lighter victim or child
56
Blanket Drag
Support
victim’s
head, use
for longer
distances
57
Two-Handed Seat
Carry
Use this
with two
rescuers
58
59
Performing
CPR for
Adults
60
Open airway
61
Look, listen and feel
for breathing for up to
10 seconds
62
Use a barrier device
if you have one.
If not
breathing, give
2 breaths
63
Check pulse and look for
signs of breathing,
movement, coughing.
64
If no signs of
circulation start
CPR
Use heels of 2 hands
and place in between
nipples
65
Count:
one, two,
three …
30
In 2006 CPR
to breath
ratio
changed to
30:2 !
Compressions at
a rate of 100/min
Then give 2
breaths
66
Continue CPR until…
Victim shows signs of
circulation
AED access
Help arrives
You are too tired to continue
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69
Tender Foot
Requirements
70
Second Class
Requirements
71
First Class
Requirements
72
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