Welcome to
First Aid /CPR/AED
for School and Community
Explain why it is safe to use
training manikins. (pg. viii)
Page viii & ix- Take a few minutes to read the
pages explaining how using manikins in the
classroom can be safe.
Why are manikins safe to use when learning First
Aid Skills?
Review
Give 2 reasons explaining why manikins
are safe to use when learning First Aid
Skills?
What do we use in class in place of cleaning
the manikins?
What are the guidelines and precautions we
will take to further protect ourselves and
each other from infection?
Review the leading cause of death for
people ages 1-44 and explain why it is
relevant to this course. (pg. 1)
0 Let’s Brainstorm! What do you think are the
leading causes of death in the U.S.?
0 What do you think are the leading causes of
death for your age group?
10 Leading Causes of Death by Age Group
• Other than saving a life, explain the need to
act quickly in an emergency situation.
Explain your role in the EMS system
using the four steps. (pg. 2)
Step 1. Recognize that an emergency exists.
USE YOUR SENSES to help you recognize an
emergency.
Explain how our senses help in an emergency?
Step 2: Decide to Act (pg. 3)
List the most common factors that keep people
from acting in an emergency.
0 Panic or fear of doing something wrong
0 Being unsure of the person’s condition
0 Assuming someone else will take action
0 The type of injury or illness
0 Fear of getting a disease *
0 Fear of being sued *
0 Not knowing when to call 911 *
What everyone should know about
helping in an emergency.
Can you be sued?
The Good Samaritan Law:
A citizen responder cannot be sued
if first aid is performed
CORRECTLY.
Be able to explain how Standard
Precautions are used to help a citizen
responder reduce disease
transmission. (pg. 5-7)
What diseases are of MOST concern when acting as a
responder in an emergency?
HIV (pg.8) and Hepatitis
MRSA and Staph
0 Let’s read How Disease Spreads. (pg. 5)
What are some examples of Universal
Precautions?
Barriers
Avoid direct
contact
Let’s look at How to Remove
Gloves Properly (Page 24)
This is a way to use
Standard Precautions.
Cleaning Up Blood Spills
The best solution to use is
liquid chlorine bleach.
Dispose in a Biohazard can, or bag.
Activity for Universal
Precautions
0 Students will be divided into 3-4 groups.
0 Each group will be given a color coded set of cards.
0 Each group must determine if the item on the card
reduces the risk, or increases the risk of spreading disease
by placing the cards under their appropriate signs.
0 Each group must be prepared to discuss.
0 10 minutes will be given for this activity.
Should I call 9-1-1?
0 Minor bruise
0 Chest pain
0 Cat scratch on cheek
0 Splinter in finger
0 Pain in the abdomen
0 Injury to the head
0 Bloody nose
Step 3: Activating EMS, or calling
911
What is the MOST important thing to
remember when calling 911?
Do not hang up until told by the dispatcher
to do so.
Examples of When to Call 9-1-1
Step 4: Give Care Until Help
Takes Over
When would you stop providing care?
0 Obvious signs of life (breathing)
0 Another trained responder takes over
0 Too exhausted to continue
0 Scene becomes unsafe
List and explain the two types of
consent needed to treat victims in
an emergency situation. (pg. 5)
Expressed consent is:
verbal consent given by an adult or the parents of
an ill or injured child
Implied consent is:
obtained when an adult victim is unconscious or
the parents of a child are not present.
Explain the emergency action
steps of CCC. (pg. 8-14)
The First Emergency Action Step is CHECK.
What does the responder need to check?
The scene and THEN the victim
Know the factors that are
important in checking the
scene. (pg. 9)
0 Is it safe?
0 Is there immediate danger?
0 What happened?
0 How many people are involved?
0 Is anyone else available to help?
0 What is wrong with the victim?
Important Factors When
Checking the Victim (pg. 10)
Check for consciousness by tapping and shouting,
“Are you OK?”
Check to see what is wrong with the victim. Look
for signals of life-threatening emergencies, (severe
bleeding, choking, etc.)
Use you senses of sight, smell and hearing to help
determine what happened and the severity of the
illness or injury.
Step 2 is CALL
0 What is the most important thing to remember
when calling 9-1-1?
0 What information do you give the EMS (9-1-
1)?
0 What happens when you call 9-1-1?
If you are alone, do you Call
First or Care First?
See the next slide for the rules!
If you are alone, CALL first if
0 Any adult or child 12 years or older that is
unconscious.
0 A child or infant who you have witnessed
suddenly collapses.
0 An unconscious child or infant known to have
heart problems.
If you’re alone, CARE
first for
0 An unconscious child, younger than 12 who you
did not see collapse.
0 Any drowning victims.
0 Any conscious choking victims.
0 Any severe bleeding victims.
Care is the Third Step
0 Once you check the scene and the victim/s and
make the decision to call 911, you need to give
care to the victim/s.
What does “Do No Further
Harm” mean?
As a rescuer, you will not be covered under the
Good Samaritan Law if you do something you
shouldn’t do to worsen the injury or illness of a
victim.
An example may be moving the victim of a head,
neck or back injury when you do not need to
move them to give care.
Transporting a Person
Rules to remember when deciding to
transport a victim yourself, don’t transfer if:
0 The trip may cause additional injury.
0 The person has or may develop a lifethreatening condition.
0 If you are unsure of the injury or illness.
Explain the rules for moving an ill or
injured person. (pg. 11)
Generally, an ill or injured person should not be
moved. When might it be appropriate to move a
person?
0 When faced with immediate danger.
0 When you have to get to another person who may
have a more serious problem.
0 When it is necessary to give proper care.
Techniques for moving an
Injured Victim
0 Use your legs, not your back.
0 Bend at the knees and hips to avoid twisting you
body.
0 Walk forward when possible; take small steps.
0 Avoid twisting or bending a victim with
suspected, head, neck or spine injury.
0 Do not move a victim that is too large.
Explain the ways to move a
victim in an emergency situation
(pgs. 23-25)
 Walking Assist
 Pack-Strap Carry
 Two-Person Seat Carry
 Clothes Drag
 Blanket Drag
 Ankle Drag
Group Demonstrations
0 Each group will be assigned a carry.
0 Read your specific movement or carry in the book.
(pgs. 12-14)
0 Practice your assigned movement.
0 Be prepared to demonstrate and explain to the class.
0 Don’t forget to tell us when this would be
appropriate!
Moving a victim in the water
0 Do not go into the water for an active
victim unless you have been trained.
0 Use reaching assists (extend your reach).
Moving a victim in the water
(cont’d)
0 Use throwing assists
0 Use wading assists in shallow water when
no current is present.
Checking a Conscious Victim
Objectives will appear in
green
0 Be able to explain the age perimeters for
adult, child and infant in first aid.
0 EQ. What are the ages for an adult, child and infant
?
0 An adult is considered 12 and over
0 A child is 1-12
0 An infant is birth to 1
List steps that the citizen responder would
take in checking the conscious person.
(pages 14-15)
Conduct the interview
Ask questions
Rate pain
Check for Physical
Problems
Adults from head to toe
Children toe to head
What might a rescuer find
during a check of a ill or
injured victim?
Blood
Cuts
Pale, Red or Ashen Skin
Difficulty breathing
Cold Clammy Skin
Broken Bones
Clear drainage from the ears
Lack of movement
Unusual Behavior
Unexplained Pain
Explain what a medical alert tag is and how it helps
the citizen responder (page 15)
0 This will help the rescuer determine what may be
wrong with the victim!
Be able to explain the condition of shock, the signals of
shock and how to care for shock. (Pages 34-35)
 What is the definition of shock?
Shock is a condition in which the circulatory
system fails to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the
body’s vital organs and tissues.
What are the symptoms
of shock?
Restlessness and irritability
Altered state of consciousness
Nausea and vomiting
Pale, ashen, cool moist skin
Rapid pulse and breathing
Excessive thirst
How do you care for shock
as a rescuer?
Call 911
Have the person lie down, elevate the feet
Control external bleeding
Help maintain body temperature
DO NOT give anything to eat or drink
Reassure the victim
Monitor the ABC’S
Explain and demonstrate
how to check an unconscious
victim. (pages 32-34)
0 How do you open the airway?
0 How do you check for signs of breathing?
0 Is there severe bleeding?
0 How do you check for circulation?
Be able to demonstrate the
log roll and the recovery
position
0 This is a safe way to move victims from
stomach to back and then into recovery
position (Reposition the victim if they have
been in recovery position for 30 minutes)
Explain what A,B,C means in
First Aid
(Pages 17)
0 Airway—Open by head tilt/chin lift
Breathing-- Look, Listen and Feel for Breath
If Breathing is absent, give 2 rescue breaths
Circulation—Check pulse for
no more than 10 seconds
0 Carotid
• Brachial
CPR Barriers
0 Face shields
0 Resuscitation masks
Explain how to do rescue breaths in
special situations. (Page 20-21)
Air in the stomach
Vomiting
Mouth-to-Nose
Stoma Breathing
Head, Neck and Back Injuries
Drowning Victims
Be able to explain what a rescuer needs
in preparation for an emergency (page
10)
Turn to someone around you and discuss what a citizen
responder might have in preparation for an
emergency.(Think/pair/share)
Be prepared to share in class (New Pg 6)
Incident stress
0 Signals
0 Anxiousness and inability to sleep
0 Nightmares
0 Restlessness and other problems
0 Confusion
0 Denial
0 Guilt
0 Depression
0 ETC.
Objectives for Section 1
• Explain why it is safe to use training manikins
0 Review the leading cause of death for people 149 and explain why it is relevant to this course.
0 Explain the four steps in the EMS
0 Explain Universal Precautions and ways to use
them in an emergency.
0 List an explain the two types of consent a
rescuer needs to treat an ill or injured victim
0 List items a rescuer needs in preparation for an
emergency.
Objectives Continued
• Explain the law that protects citizen
responders.
• Explain Call First/Care First
• What is the most important thing to
remember when calling 911.
Complete the word worksheet for Lesson 1 and
hand in for a homework grade.
Review the objectives for the lesson
The End!
Let’s go back and review the
objectives from this lesson!