Environmental paradoxes of the new
EEDI regulations for Ro-Ro ships
leading to bad design of Ro-Ro ships
23. November 2015 – Skibsteknisk Selskab
PASSENGER SHIPS – now and in the future
Presented by:
Hans Otto Kristensen
Head of Maritime DTU
(hohk@mek.dtu.dk)
Content of the presentation
•Fundamentals of the EEDI calculation procedure for
Ro-Ro ships (rules and regulations)
•Technical fundamentals of Ro-Ro passenger ships
•Calculation example of a 1600 passenger Ro-Pax ship
•Calculation example of a 400 passenger Ro-Pax ship
•Summary of example calculations
•Conclusions
2
Technical University of Denmark
The EEDI formulas (excl. equations for alternative
propulsion means such as wind, solar power etc.)
MEPC 245(66) – 4. April 2014
For Ro-Ro cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships:
Capacity is the maximum permissible deadweight
For passenger ships and cruise passenger ships:
Capacity is the Gross Tonnage (GT) in accordance with the internatinal
Convention of Tonnage Measurement of Ships 1969, Annex 1, Reg. 3
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EEDI according to MARPOL Annex 6, Reg. 21
Attained EEDI <= Required EEDI x (1 – R)
Required EEDI:
Ro-Ro passenger ships:
752.16 x DWT-0.351
Ro-Ro cargo ships:
1405.15 x DWT-0.498
DWT is the maximum permissible deadweight at
summer load draught
R depends on the keel laying date
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Reduction factor R in percent for Ro-Ro ships
EEDI = (1 – R/100) ∙ EEDI baseline value
Ship type
Phase 0
Phase 1
Phase 2
1. Jan. 2013
1. Jan. 2015
1 Jan. 2020
31. Dec. 2014
31. Dec. 2019
31. Dec. 2024
>1000 tons
n/a
5
20
30
250 – 1000 tons
n/a
0–5
0 – 20
0 – 30
>2000 tons
n/a
5
30
30
1000 – 2000 tons
n/a
0–5
0 – 20
0 – 30
Deadweight
Phase 3
1 Jan. 2025
Ro-Ro
passenger
Ro-Ro
cargo
5
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100
EEDI requirements for Ro-Pax ships
90
80
EEDI baseline = 752.16 x DWT^(-0.381)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
70
1. September 2015
60
1. January 2020
50
1. January 2025
40
30
20
10
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Deadweight (t)
6
Technical University of Denmark
7000
8000
9000 10000
Ro-Pax ships
Design service speed versus EEDI ref. speed
EEDI reference speed (knots)
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 pass.
Design condition: 15 % resistance
margin and 90 % MCR loading
20
18
16
14
12
10
10
12
14
16
Design speed (knots)
7
Technical University of Denmark
18
20
22
Auxiliary power for Ro-Ro cargo ships
according to MEPC 245(66)
Main engine power (PME) less than 10000 kW:
PAE = 0.05 x PME
Main engine power (PME) more than 10000 kW:
PAE = 250 + 0.025 x PME
Reg. 2.5.6.4:
For ships where the PAE value calculated by the above
mentioned formulas is significantly different from the total
power used at normal seagoing condition, the PAE value should
be estimated by the consumed electric power (excluding
propulsion) in conditions when the ship is engaged in a voyage
at reference speed.
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Auxiliary power for Ro-Ro pass. ships for ref. line
calculations according to MEPC 65/22 Annex 14, p. 3
Aux. power at sea = 0.35 x installed aux. power
Auxiliary power at sea = 0.866 x GT0.732
12000
ShipPax aux- power data
1600 pass. Ro-Pax acc. to EEDI regulations
Total aux. power (kW)
10000
400 pass. Ro-Pax acc. to EEDI regulations
Aux. power for ref.line calculations (MEPC 65)
y = 2.4729x 0.732
Potens (ShipPax aux- power data)
8000
6000
4000
2000
Installed aux. power according
to ShipPax database (2012)
0
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Gross tonnage (GT)
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60000
70000
80000
Auxiliary power for Ro-Ro cargo ships
according to MEPC 245(66)
90
Auxiliary power in pct. of main
engine power
80
1600 pers. Ro-Pax ship
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
12
14
16
Design speed (knots)
10
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18
20
22
fj correction factor for Ro-Ro ships
MEPC .245(66) – Annex 5 – Reg. 2.8.3
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fc correction factor for Ro-Ro ships
MEPC .245(66) – Annex 5 – Reg. 2.12.3
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EEDI fj and fc correction factors for Ro-Pax
EEDI correction factors fj and fc
1.4
1.2
fj Ro-Ro pass.
1.0
fc Ro-Ro
pass.
0.8
0.6
Ro-Pax ship (1600 passengers)
0.4
0.2
0.0
10
13
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Low and high cargo density Ro-pax ships
(Deadweight per passenger)
Deadweighpt per passenger (t/pass.)
40
Ships with low cargo density
Ships with high cargo density
Ro-Pax limit (1.5 LM and 6 t dw per passenger)
Potens (Ships with high cargo density)
Potens (Ships with low cargo density)
35
30
25
Dw/pass. = 849 pass.-0.689
20
Ro-Ro passenger ships
15
Dw/pass. = 62.4 pass.-0.448
10
5
0
0
400
800
1200
1600
Passengers
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2000
2400
2800
3200
Low and high cargo density Ro-pax ships
(Lanemeter per passenger)
14
Lanemeter per passenger (m/pass.)
Ships with low cargo density
12
Ships with high cargo density
LM = 72.9 pass.
10
Cargo limit line (1.5 LM and 6 t dw per passenger)
-0.505
Potens (Ships with high cargo density)
Potens (Ships with low cargo density)
8
Ro-Ro passenger ships
6
4
LM = 37.5 pass.-0.551
2
0
0
400
800
1200
1600
Passengers
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2000
2400
2800
3200
Low and high cargo density Ro-pax ships
(Lpp as function of passenger capacity)
240
Lpp = 81.4 pass.
0.113
Length pp (m)
200
160
120
Ships with low cargo density
Ships with high cargo density
DFDS ships with low cargo density
DFDS ships with high cargo density
Potens (Ships with high cargo density)
Potens (Ships with low cargo density)
80
Lpp = 22.5 pass.0.255
40
Ro-Ro passenger ships
0
0
400
800
1200
1600
Passengers
16
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2000
2400
2800
3200
Typical low cargo density Ro-pax ship
(Pearl Seaways)
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Typical high cargo density Ro-pax ship
(Regina Seaways)
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Ro-Pax ships
Empirical calculation of gross tonnage GT
3.0
Ro-Ro
passenger ships
Ships with high cargo density
2.6
GT/t displacement
Ships with low cargo density
Lineær (Ships with high cargo density)
2.2
GT/displ. = 0.0000156 displ. + 1.16
Lineær (Ships with low cargo density)
GT/displ. = 0.0000352 displ. + 1.14
1.8
1.4
1.0
0
5000
10000
15000
Displacement (t)
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20000
25000
30000
Ro-Pax ships
Empirical calculation of gross tonnage GT
64000
Ro-Ro passenger ships
56000
Calculated GT
48000
40000
32000
24000
16000
8000
0
0
8000
16000
24000
32000
Real gross tonnage (GT)
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40000
48000
56000
EXAMPLE No. 1
1600 passenger Ro-Pax ship with low cargo capacity
Main dimensions
Capacity
Length between pp
Breadth
Maximum draught
Depth to upper deck
Length of Ro-Ro lanes
Number of passenger cars
Number of berths
Normal deadweight
Lightship weight
Normal displacement
Block coefficient based on Lpp
Gross tonnage
Normal service speed
Engine power (MCR)
Service speed obtained at 90 % MCR incl. 15 % sea margin
1600 pass.
147.65 m
24.63 m
5.89 m
14.32 m
1197 m
420
766 (48 % of pass.)
4160 tons (3.5 t/lm)
9172 tons
13332 tons
0.607
21455 GT
21.5 knots
18910 kW
Main dimensions are calculated by the generic model SHIP-DESMO-RoPax developed by
Hans Otto Kristensen (HOK Marineconsult ApS) as contractual work for DTU Transport
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Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Full deadweight
35
250
30
25
150
20
15
100
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
10
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
4160 ton deadweight
Payload: 2.1 t/lanemeter
5
50
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
22
Technical University of Denmark
20
22
(g/t payload/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
200
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Full deadweight – Auxiliary power based on GT
40
250
35
220
EEDI (g/t/nm)
160
25
130
20
100
15
10
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
4160 t deadweight
Aux. power based on GT
5
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
70
40
10
0
-20
10
23
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
(g/t payload/nm)
190
30
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
EEDI as function of deadweight
45
Ro-Pax ships
40
EEDI (g/t/nm)
35
30
25
20
EEDI required in 2015
15
EEDI required in 2020
10
EEDI required in 2025
5
EEDI baseline with 3 different different deadweights
0
2000
2400
2800
3200
Deadweight (t)
24
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3600
4000
4400
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
20000
Ro-Pax ship (1600 pass.)
Propulsion power (kW)
16000
Normal deadweight 4160 tons
25 % deadweight reduction (3120 t dw)
12000
50 % deadweight reduction (2080 t dw)
8000
4000
0
10
25
12
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14
16
Speed (knots)
18
20
22
40
280
35
240
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
200
25
160
20
120
15
10
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
3120 t deadweight
Payload: 1.6 t/lanemeter
5
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
80
40
0
0
10
26
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
(g/t payload/nm)
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
25 % dw reduction
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
50% dw reduction
350
45
40
300
250
30
25
200
20
150
15
10
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
2080 t deadweight
Payload: 1.1 t/lanemeter
5
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
100
50
0
0
10
27
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
(g/t payload/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
35
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
EEDI values at different design speeds and deadweight
35
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
25
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
20
15
EEDI value at 4160 t deadweight
10
EEDI value at 3120 t deadweight
5
EEDI value at 2080 t deadweight
0
10
28
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Speed exponent, N, as function
of speed and block coefficient, Cb
6
Ro-Pax ship 1600 passengers
Power = constant x speedN
EEDI = constant x speedN-3.5
Power exponent, N
5
4
3
N = 3.5
2
4160 t deadweight (Cb = 0.61)
3160 t deadweight (Cb = 0.56)
1
2080 t deadweight (Cb = 0.51)
0
10
29
12
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14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
CO2 per ton payload per nm at
different design speeds and deadweight
CO2 per t payload per nm (g/t/nm)
350
4160 t deadeweight
300
3120 t deadweight
250
2060 t deadweight
200
150
100
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
50
0
10
30
12
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18
16
14
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Variation of gross tonnage
40
35
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
25
20
EEDI value at normal GT
EEDI value at 20 % increase of GT
15
EEDI value at 20 % decrease of GT
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
Low cargo density
4160 t deadweight
Change of gross tonnage
10
5
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requrement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
0
12
31
14
Technical University of Denmark
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Variation of gross tonnage and light weight
35
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
25
20
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass. Low cargo density
4160 t deadweight. Change of gross tonnage and lightweight
15
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
10
5
value at normal GT
value at 20 % increase of GT and 10 % lightweight increase
value at 20 % decrease of GT and 10 % lightweight reduction
base line 2013
requrement in 2015
requirement in 2020
requirement in 2025
0
12
32
14
Technical University of Denmark
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Variation of gross tonnage and light weight
40
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass. Low cargo density
4160 t deadweight. Change of gross tonnage and lightweight
35
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
25
20
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
15
10
5
value at normal GT
value at 20 % increase of GT and 20 % lightweight increase
value at 20 % decrease of GT and 20 % lightweight reduction
base line 2013
requrement in 2015
requirement in 2020
requirement in 2025
0
12
33
14
Technical University of Denmark
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Variation of gross tonnage and light weight
CO2 per t payload per nm
(g/t/nm)
350
Original deadweight
300
20 % GT increase and 20 % lightweight increase
250
20 % GT reduction and 20 % lightweight reduction
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
Low cargo density. 4160 t deadweight
Change of GT and lightweight
200
150
100
50
0
10
34
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Variation of gross tonnage and light weight
8
Ro-Pax ship 2000 passengers
Low cargo density. 4160 t deadweight
GT and lightweight change
Power = constant x speed N
EEDI = constant x speedN-3.5
Power exponent, N
7
6
5
4
3
Original deadweight
2
20 % GT increase and 20 % lightweight increase
1
20 % GT reduction and 20 % lightweight reduction
0
10
35
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
35
160
30
140
120
25
100
20
80
15
60
10
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
4160 ton deadweight
Payload: 2.1 t/lanemeter
DUAL FUEL MAIN ENGINE
5
40
20
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
36
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20
22
(g/t payload/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Full deadweight – DUAL FUEL main engine
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Change of length
20000
Ro-Pax ship (1600 pass.)
4160 tons deadweight
Change of length
Propulsion power (kW)
16000
Normal Lpp = 147.65 m
10 % length increase
20 % length increase
12000
8000
4000
0
10
37
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
Speed (knots)
18
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Change of length
CO2 per t payload per nm (g/t/nm)
250
Original Lpp = 147.65 m
200
10 % length increase
20 % length increase
150
100
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
50
0
10
38
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Change of length
35
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
25
20
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
15
10
5
value at normal length
value at 10 % length increase
value at 20 % length increase
base line 2013
requirement in 2015
requirement in 2020
requirement in 2025
Ro-Pax ship
1600 pass.
4160 DWT
0
10
39
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Change of length
6
Ro-Pax ship 1600 passengers
Power = constant x speedN
EEDI = constant x speedN-3.5
Power exponent, N
5
4
3
N = 3.5
2
Original length = 147.65 m
10 % length increase
1
20 % length increase
0
10
40
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Change of draught
20000
Ro-Pax ship (1600 pass.)
4160 tons deadweight
Change of draught
Propulsion power (kW)
16000
Normal draught = 5.89 m
5 % draught increase
10 % draught increase
12000
8000
4000
0
10
41
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
Speed (knots)
18
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Change of draught
CO2 per t payload per nm (g/t/nm)
240
Original draught = 5.89 m
200
5 % draught increase
160
10 % draught increase
120
80
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
40
0
10
42
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Change of draught
35
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
25
20
15
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
EEDI
10
5
value at normal draught
value at 5 % draught increase
value at 10 % draught increase
base line 2013
requirement in 2015
requirement in 2020
requirement in 2025
Ro-Pax ship
1600 pass.
4160 DWT
0
10
43
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
EXAMPLE No. 2
400 passenger Ro-Pax ship with high cargo capacity
Main dimensions
Capacity
Length between pp
Breadth
Maximum draught
Depth to upper deck
Length of Ro-Ro lanes
Number of passenger cars
Number of berths
Normal deadweight
Lightship weight
Normal displacement
Block coefficient based on Lpp
Gross tonnage
speed
Engine power (MCR)
Service speed obtained at 90 % MCR incl. 15 % sea margin
400 pass.
160.20 m
24.97 m
6.07 m
14.95 m
1530 m
254
257 (64 % of pass.)
5681 tons (3.7 t/lm)
10530 tons
16211 tons
0.651
22905 GTNormal service
21.3 knots
20287 kW
Main dimensions are calculated by the generic model SHIP-DESMO-RoPax developed by
Hans Otto Kristensen (HOK Marineconsult ApS) as contractual work for DTU Transport
44
Technical University of Denmark
35
180
30
150
25
120
20
90
15
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
10
Ro-Pax ship - 400 pass.
5681 ton deadweight
Payload: 2.4 t/lanemeter
5
60
30
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
45
Technical University of Denmark
20
22
(g/t payload/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
Full deadweight
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
EEDI as function of deadweight
40
Ro-Pax ships
35
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
25
20
15
EEDI baseline with 3 different deadweights
EEDI requirement in 2015
10
EEDI requirement in 2020
5
EEDI requirement in 2025
0
2800
3300
3800
4300
Deadweight (t)
46
Technical University of Denmark
4800
5300
5800
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
24000
Ro-Pax ship (400 pass.)
20000
Propulsion power (kW)
Normal deadweight 5681 tons
16000
25 % deadweight reduction (4261 t dw)
50 % deadweight reduction (2840 t dw)
12000
8000
4000
0
10
47
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
Speed (knots)
18
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
25 % deadweight reduction
35
200
30
25
120
20
15
80
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
10
EDDI requirement in 2015
Ro-Pax ship - 400 pass.
4261 t deadweight
Payload: 1.8 t/lanemeter
5
40
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
0
0
10
48
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
(g/t payload/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
160
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
50 % deadweight reduction
250
40
35
200
25
150
20
15
10
Ro-Pax ship - 100 pass.
2840 t deadweight
Payload: 1.2 t/lanemeter
5
100
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
50
0
0
10
49
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
(g/t payload/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
EEDI values at different design speeds and deadweight
35
EEDI (g/t/nm)
30
25
Ro-Pax ship - 400 passengers
20
15
EEDI value at 5681 t deadweight
10
EEDI value at 4261 t deadweight
5
EEDI value at 2840 t deadweight
0
10
50
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
Speed exponent, N, as function
of speed and block coefficient, Cb
6
Ro-Pax ship 400 passengers
N
Power = constant x speed
EEDI = constant x speedN-3.5
Power exponent, N
5
4
3
5681 t deadweight (Cb = 0.65)
2
4261 t deadweight (Cb = 0.59)
2840 t deadweight (Cb = 0.54)
1
N = 3.5
0
10
12
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
51
Technical University of Denmark
20
22
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
CO2 per t payload per nm at different
design speeds and deadweight
CO2 per t payload per nm (g/t/nm)
250
5681 t deadeweight
4261 t deadweight
200
2840 t deadweight
150
100
50
Ro-Pax ship - 400 pass.
0
10
52
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
Quantitative conclusion/summary
for Ro-Pax ships
The overall results of the two examples with different deadweight
presented are shown in following table. The ship design
consequences of the choice to reduce the deadweight for the actual
ships to improve the EEDI fulfilment are also shown – unfortunately
showing that the deadweight for the rolling cargo is seriously
degraded
Passengers Lanemeter
DW
Payload
m
tons
tons
400
1530
5681
3693
400
1530
4261
400
1530
1600
Permissible Permissible
Number of
EEDI at
EEDI Margin to
EEDI
Payload/LM weight per weight for a
cars
21 knots baseline baseline fullfilment
car
14 m truck
CO2 per ton
payload per nm
at 21 knots
tons/m
tons
tons
g/t/nm
g/t/nm
%
254
2.41
14.4
34
29.85
27.92
-6.9
NO
143
2769
254
1.81
10.7
25
28.44
31.15
8.7
2015
160
2840
1846
254
1.21
7.1
17
29.43
36.36
19.1
2015
212
1197
4160
2496
420
2.09
5.6
29
28.45
31.44
9.5
2015
186
1600
1197
3120
1875
420
1.57
4.1
22
27.80
35.08
20.7
2020
213
1600
1197
2080
1248
420
1.04
2.6
15
28.89
40.94
29.4
2020
288
53
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g/t/nm
Conclusions for Ro-Pax ships
With the present formulation of the EEDI calculation procedure for
Ro-Ro passenger ships (IMO Res. MEPC 245(66) – Annex 5), following
conclusions can be drawn:
• The calculated EEDI value does not reflect the real environmental performance
of a Ro-Ro passenger ship
• Reduction of the design speed increases the EEDI value, although the CO2
emissions per ton payload per nautical mile are reduced by lowering the speed
• Slow steaming for Ro-Ro passenger ships is an environmental option for
reduction of the carbon foot print, but not legally when judged from a purely
EEDI point of view
• Reduction of the deadweight is a way to reduce the EEDI value according to
the present rules, such that the future requirements can be met, however
resulting in poor ship designs with too small deadweight as a consequence
such that only person cars and light cargo vans can be transported, but NO
lorries
• The EEDI formulas are fundamentally wrong and ship designers are not able to
design efficient, environmentally friendly and future orientated ships for the
Ro-Ro sector
• DUAL FUEL is a possible solution for meeting the strict EEDI requirements
54
Technical University of Denmark
EXAMPLE No. 3
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
Main dimensions
Capacity
Length between pp
Breadth
Maximum draught
Depth to upper deck
Normal deadweight
Lightship weight
Normal displacement
Block coefficient based on Lpp
Normal service speed
Engine power (MCR)
Service speed obtained at 90 % MCR incl. 15 % sea
2000 lanemter
150.45 m
23.62 m
6.41 m
14.86 m
8064 tons (4.0 t/lm)
6979 tons
15043 tons
0.644
18.8 knots
10966 kW
margin
Main dimensions and engine power are calculated by the generic model SHIPDESMO-RoPax developed by Hans Otto Kristensen (HOK Marineconsult ApS) as
contractual work for DTU Transport
55
Technical University of Denmark
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
Deadweight density: 3.0 t/lanemeter
21
125
18
EEDI (g/t/nm)
15
75
12
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship
3.0 t dw/lanemeter. Cb = 0.632
9
50
Attained EEDI
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requirement 2015
EEDI requirement 2020
EEDI requirement 2025
CO2 emissions per ton payload per nm
6
3
25
0
0
10
56
12
Technical University of Denmark
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
20
22
CO2 per t payload per
nm (g/m/nm)
100
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
Deadweight density: 4.0 t/lanemeter
21
125
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship
4.0 t dw/lanemeter. Cb = 0.644
100
15
75
12
9
50
Attained EEDI
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requirement 2015
EEDI requirement 2020
EEDI requirement 2025
CO2 emissions per ton payload per nm
6
3
25
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
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20
22
CO2 per t payload per
nm (g/t/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
18
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
Deadweight density: 6.0 t/lanemeter
21
100
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship
6.0 t dw/lanemeter. Cb = 0.656
80
15
60
12
9
40
Attained EEDI
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requirement 2015
EEDI requirement 2020
EEDI requirement 2025
CO2 emissions per ton payload per nm
6
3
20
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
58
Technical University of Denmark
20
22
CO2 per t payload per
nm (g/t/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
18
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
Deadweight density: 6.0 t/lanemeter
21
100
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship
6.0 t dw/lanemeter. Cb = 0.656
80
15
60
12
9
40
Attained EEDI
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requirement 2015
EEDI requirement 2020
EEDI requirement 2025
CO2 emissions per ton payload per nm
6
3
20
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
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20
22
CO2 per t payload per
nm (g/t/nm)
EEDI (g/t/nm)
18
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
24
EEDI (g/t/nm)
20
16
12
EEDI for 6064 dwt
8
EEDI for 8064 dwt
EEDI for 12064 dwt
EEDI baseline for 6064 dwt
2000 LM Ro-Ro-cargo ships
4
EEDI base line for 8064 dwt
EEDI base line for 12064 dwt
0
10
12
14
16
18
Design speed (knots)
60
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20
22
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship
100
6064 dwt
80
(g/t/nm)
CO2 emissions per t payload per nm
120
8064 dwt
12064 dwt
60
40
20
0
12
14
16
18
Speed (knots)
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Technical University of Denmark
20
22
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
30000
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship
Propulsion power (kW)
25000
3 t deadweight per lanemeter (Cb= 0.632)
20000
4 t deadweight per lanemeter (Cb = 0.644)
6 t deadweight per lanemeter (Cb = 0.656)
15000
10000
5000
0
12
62
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16
18
Speed (knots)
20
22
Thank you for your attention
QUESTIONS ?
63
Technical University of Denmark