CONDENSATION
Chapter 17
Test 4 material
End
CLOUDS ARE THE VISIBLE PRODUCTS
OF CONDENSATION AND DEPOSITION
WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE.
 WE NEED A NUCLEI AS A SURFACE FOR
CONDENSATION TO TAKE PLACE

CONDENSATION NUCLEI
FOREST FIRES
 VOLCANOES
 WIND EROSION
 SEA WAVES
 POLLEN
 CHIMNEY SMOKE

CLOUDS
ARE VISIBLE EVIDENCE OF MOISTURE
WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE
 CLASSIFIED BY THEIR APPEARANCE
AND THEIR ALTITUDE ABOVE THE
SURFACE

BY APPEARANCE*
CIRRUS OR CIRRO = FEATHERY
 STRATUS OR STRATO = LAYERED
 CUMULUS OR CUMULO = PUFFY
 NIMBO OR NIMBUS = RAIN
 FRACTO OR FRACTUS = BROKEN

HIGH CLOUDS*
FOUND AT ALTITUDES ABOVE 20,000
FEET
 TEMPERATURES ARE SO LOW THAT
CLOUDS ARE COMPOSED SOLELY OF
ICE CRYSTALS
 PREFIX CIRRO DENOTES HIGH CLOUD

TYPES OF HIGH CLOUDS

CIRRUS - ALSO CALLED MARE’S TAILS
BECAUSE THEY LOOK LIKE STRANDS
OF HORSE HAIR
HIGH CLOUD*
CIRROSTRATUS - ARE NEARLY
TRANSPARENT SO THAT SUN OR
MOON SHINES THROUGH
 OFTEN SEE HALO AROUND THEM
WHICH CAN BE PREDICTOR OF RAIN
BECAUSE THESE ARE CLOUDS SEEN
PRECEDING A WARM FRONT

CIRROSTATUS
HIGH CLOUD
CIRROCUMULUS - CONSIST OF SMALL
WHITE PUFFS ARRANGED IN A
WAVELIKE PATTERN
 CALLED A MACKERAL SKY BECAUSE IT
LOOKS SIMILAR TO FISH SCALES

MIDDLE CLOUDS*
HAVE A BASE BETWEEN 6,500 TO
20,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE
 COMPOSED OF ICE CRYSTALS OR
SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS OR
BOTH
 PREFIX ALTO IS USED TO DENOTE
MIDDLE CLOUD

MIDDLE CLOUDS
ALTO STRATUS - UNIFORMLY GRAY OR
WHITE AND USUALLY SO THICK THAT
SUN IS DIMLY VISIBLE (SAID TO LOOK
LIKE FROSTED GLASS)
 CAN DISTINGUISH THESE FROM CIRRO
STRATUS (SHADOW ON GROUND)
BECAUSE THERE WOULD BE NO
SHADOW

MIDDLE CLOUDS

ALTOCUMULUS - CONSIST OF PATCHES
THAT FORM LINES OR WAVES

HAVE LARGER SIZE AND SHARPER
FEATURES THAN CIRROCUMULUS
LOW CLOUDS*
HAVE BASES FROM THE EARTH
SURFACE (FOG) TO 6,500 FEET ABOVE
SURFACE
 COMPOSED OF WATER DROPLETS
 NO PREFIX DESIGNATION

LOW CLOUDS*

STRATOCUMULUS - CONSIST OF
LARGE PUFFS ARRANGED IN LAYERS

NIMBOSTRATUS - DARK GRAY CLOUDS
THAT GO FROM HORIZON TO
HORIZON AND CONTAIN
PRECIPITATION
LOW CLOUDS

STRATUS - OCCUR AS A UNIFORM
GRAY LAYER THAT STRECHES FROM
HORIZON TO HORIZON

MAY GET DRIZZLE FROM THESE
CLOUDS
FOGS*
ADVECTION - WARM MOIST AIR OVER
A WATER SURFACE BLOWS OVER A
COOLER LAND SURFACE (ALSO KNOWN
AS COASTAL FOG)
 RADIATION - DUE TO NIGHT-TIME
RADIATIONAL COOLING. FOUND IN
LOW-LYING AREAS AND BURNS OFF BY
AM

Advection fog
Radiation fog
FOGS*
FRONTAL - DUE TO UPLIFTING OF AIR
ALONG THE PASSAGE OF FRONTS.
CAN BE WIDESPREAD AND LONG
LASTING.
 UPSLOPE - OCCURS AS AIR MOVES UP
A SLOPE. SMOKEY MOUNTAINS

Upslope fog
FOGS*

STEAM - ALSO KNOWN AS
EVAPORATION FOG. FOUND OVER
WATERBODIES IN FALL OR EARLY
WINTER AS WATER TEMPERATURE IS
HIGHER THAN SURFACE AIR
TEMPERATURES
Steam fog
CLOUDS OF VERTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
CUMULUS - OCCURS AS AIR RISES
VERTICALLY TO ABOUT 3000-6500
FEET.
 RESEMBLE PUFFS OR COTTON BALLS
 CAN GO THROUGH STAGES OF
VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT AS
UNSTABLE AIR RISES
 CUMULONIMBUS

UNUSUAL CLOUDS*
ALTOCUMULUS LENTICULARIS - ALSO
KNOWN AS LENTICULAR CLOUD AND
FOUND NEAR MOUNTAIN RANGES.
 BANNER - DRAPED OVER THE TOP OF
MOUNTAIN LIKE A FLAG
 CONTRAIL

Undulus asperatus
TYPES OF PRECIPITATION
VIRGA
 MIST
 DRIZZLE - STRATUS
 RAIN - NIMBOSTRATUS OR
CUMULONIMBUS
 FREEZING RAIN (GLAZE)

VIRGA
SLEET
 SNOW
 HAIL

HOW DOES IT RAIN?
COLLISION-COALESCENCE
 BERGERON PROCESS

SNOW*








HEXAGONAL
NEEDLES
DENDRITES
PLATES
COLUMNS
SIZE DEPENDS UPON TEMPERATURE
TOO COLD OR TOO WARM?
10 INCHES SNOW= 1 INCH RAIN
HAIL*
RANGE IN SIZE FROM A PEA TO AS
LARGE AS A GRAPEFRUIT
 2 POUNDS AND AS LARGE AS A
SOFTBALL
 SOMETIMES USE SNOWPLOWS TO
CLEAR HAIL FROM HIGHWAYS (18
INCHES OF HAIL) IN GREAT PLAINS

GIANT HAIL STONE
WEATHER MODIFICATION*
ANY CHANGE IN WEATHER THAT IS
INDUCED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY
 MAY BE EITHER INTENTIONAL OR
INADVERTENT

CLOUD SEEDING

TRY TO SIMULATE THE BERGERON
PROCESS BY INJECTING NUCLEATING
AGENTS SUCH AS SILVER IODIDE INTO
CLOUDS
FOG DISPERSAL*
USED TO BURN OFF FOG IN WORLD
WAR II BY ROYAL AIR FORCE (RAF)
ALONG RUNWAYS
 MAY ALSO SEED CLOUDS TO GET RAIN
WHICH WASHES AWAY FOG

HAIL SUPPRESSION*
CHURCH BELLS
 HAIL CANNONS
 ROCKETS
 CLOUD SEEDING
 NOT VERY SUCCESSFUL

FROST AND FREEZE
CONTROL
WHERE CROPS ARE PLANTED
 SMOKE OR MIST CLOUDS
 FANS
 BURNERS
 SPRAYING MIST
 HOT CAPS

TEST 4 REVIEW
TRUE ABOUT OZONE
IT IS A TRACE ELEMENT IN OUR AIR
 CONCENTRATED IN MESOSPHERE
 EASY FOR US TO BREATH IT
 LAYER OF OVER 100 FEET THICK
 CORRECT RESPONSE?
 TRACE ELEMENT

32 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT =
? DEGREES CELSIUS
251
 32
0
 -40
 CORRECT RESPONSE?
0

HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT MEANS
HEATS UP QUICKLY
 LOSES HEAT QUICKLY
 HOLDS HEAT LONGER
 NONE OF THESE
 CORRECT RESPONSE?
 HOLDS HEAT LONGER

PRODUCES HALO AROUND
SUN OR MOON
CIRROSTRATUS
 ALTOCUMULUS
 STRATOCUMULUS
 ALTOSTRATUS
 CORRECT RESPONSE
 CIRROSTRATUS

DUE TO NIGHT TIME
RADIATIONAL COOLING
ADVECTION FOG
 RADIATION FOG
 FRONTAL FOG
 STEAM FOG
 CORRECT RESPONSE?
 RADIATION FOG

CLOUD WITH HIGHEST
CLOUD BASE
STRATUS
 CUMULONIMBUS
 ALTOCUMULUS
 CIRRUS
 CORRECT RESPONSE?
 CIRRUS

USE DALR – IF SURFACE
TEMP = 30 - ? AT 2000M
25
 20
 10
7
 CORRECT RESPONSE?
 10

CALULATE CDD’S IF HI=95 &
LOW = 85
35
 25
 15
0
 CORRECT RESPONSE?
 25

EVAPORATION FROM WATER
BODIES IS:
GREATER THAN THAT FROM LAND
 LESS THAN THAT FROM LAND
 EQUAL TO THAT FROM LAND
 NONE OF THESE
 CORRECT RESPONSE?
 GREATER THAN

Use the ELR – surface temp =
100 what is it 1 mile above?
119
 100
 81
 unable to tell from info
