Final Exam Review
CORC 1332 NET 1A & 1B
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Exam will be Thursday 12/16/10, 3:30-5:30 pm
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Please note: our room was changed to 2310 Ingersoll!!
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You may use a pen or pencil, calculator, ruler, string and protractor
during the final. No cell phones or other electronics devices are
allowed.
Review Session with George and Peter:
12/9/10 room 4152N from 4-8 pm
Office Hours:
Michelle 12/14 12:30-1:30 pm
Peter 12/14 5-6 pm
Study Guide, Minerals
Know how to use a chart of mineral properties to identify an unknown mineral.
See: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_identification_charts_instructions.html
Know the difference between a rock and a mineral.
See: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rocks_def.html and
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_def.html
Review mineral properties from the resource table at:
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_invest_intro.html
**Be sure you are thoroughly familiar with the introductory web page for each mineral
property
Review mineral families at: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_families.html
Review for Exam 1
Mineral Properties
►KNOW HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A
MINERAL.
Density or specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a substance to
the weight of an equal volume of water.
Density = Weight/Volume
1) Begin by recording
the weight of the
specimen, in this
case 155.8 grams.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Review for Exam 1
Mineral Properties
►HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A MINERAL.
Density or specific gravity
2) The amount of water displaced is 20ml = 20cc (920-900)
3) Divide 155.8g/20cc = 7.79 g/cc.
So, the density of the minerals is 7.79g/cc.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Review for Maps
You will be responsible to answer similar questions as you
had on your map assignment.
This includes:
--Determining stream direction
--Labeling contours
--Finding the gradient
--Determining azimuth direction
--How to use the different scale bars to determine distance
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/contourmaps_menu.html
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/scale-direction-ex2.htm
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Determine
Direction of Stream Flow
Protractor used
to determine
azimuth readings
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
In what general direction is the stream flowing?
Answer: From West to East
(The legs of the letter V give you the direction of flow)
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Distance
Between Two Points
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
What is the straight line distance between
points Q and T in miles?
1) We measure the scale with the ruler and now we know that
1.5 cm = 100 miles
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Distance
Between Two Points
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in
miles?
2) We measure the distance between the two points that is 8.5 cm = x miles
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Distance
Between 2 Points
Calculations
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Distance
Between 2 Points (MILES)
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
Answer:
The distance between points Q and T is 567 miles.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Gradient
of a Steam
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
What is the average gradient of the stream between points R and T?
Begin by measuring the length of the stream. Lay carefully a string along
the course of the river.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Gradient
of a Steam
2) Measure the string with a ruler, in this case the measurement
is 5 4/16 or 5 ¼ inches.
*
After completing the calculations
(on the left) the distance measured
by the ruler is 884 miles (this is your
horizontal distance).
*19/32 inches = length of scale bar
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Gradient
of a Steam
Protractor
500
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
f= 600 ft
h= 650 ft
k= 650 ft
Next, Measure the heights of points R and T.
Label the contours taking into account the
contour interval = 50 ft and the elevation of point Q = 583 ft
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Gradient
of a Steam
Protractor
500
Scale bar length = 100 m
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
f=600
h= 650 ft
k= 650 ft
2)Measure the heights of points R and T and find the difference
between them (this is your vertical difference).
R = 500 ft, T = 400 ft
Difference is 100ft.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps: Gradient
of a Steam
►Remember: Gradient or steepness between two points is the
difference in elevation (ED) divided by the horizontal distance
(HD):
To Calculate Gradient:
(Using the numbers from the previous slides)
ED (difference in elevation)= 100 feet
HD (horizontal distance) = 884 miles
Gradient= ED = 100ft
HD
= 0.11 feet/mile
884miles
*Gradient is equivalent to slope (m=y/x)*
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 m
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
What is the elevation (in feet) of contour ‘d’?
Answer: 400 ft
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 m
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
What is the elevation of contour ‘k’?
Answer: 650 feet
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
What is an outcrop?
What is bedrock?
What is the differences between the two?
►Bedrock is a layer of undisturbed rock usually located
beneath a surface layer of soil or other material.
►A surface exposure of bedrock is called an outcrop.
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/nyc_mins2/bedrock_rollover.html
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Locations w/in the NYC Metropolitan Area
Know all of the
locations marked
on the map.
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/geog_nyc_menu2.html
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Longitude and Latitude
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/latlong_menu.html
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Longitude and Latitude
Determining the latitude and longitude of a point
What is the latitude and
longitude at point J?
Answer:
Latitude (Horizontal)
5o 59’ 45” North
Longitude (Vertical)
71o 00’ 00” West
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/lat_long.html
BROOKLYN COLLEGE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Longitude and Latitude
What is the latitude and
longitude at point H?
For the latitude: (pink arrows)
We see that point H is between
5o 59’ 45” and 6o 00’ 00” so we
have 15” in between. We take half
of 15” which is about 8” and add
those 8” to 45” to get a latitude of
5o 59’ 53”.
For the longitude: (blue arrows)
We see that point H lies between
71o 00’ 00” and 71o 00’ 45” so we
have 45” in between. Take half of
45” which is about 23” so we add
those seconds to 00” to get a
longitude 71o 00’ 23”.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
Plate Tectonics
Be familiar with the evidence Alfred Wegener cited to support the hypothesis of continental drift at
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec3.htm
Understand the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis.
See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec8.htm
Know the contraction theory of mountain building, shown at http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec5.htm
Understand what paleomagnetism is. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec7.htm
Understand how the idea of convection cells is applied to the movements of crust and mantle.
See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec10.htm.
Know where the heat causing this movement comes from.
See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec12.htm
Be thoroughly familiar with the characteristics of the different types of plate boundaries. You will have to review
several web pages, starting with http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec14.htm
When you review the section on earthquakes and volcanism, starting at
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec16.htm, be conscious of which tectonic setting are
associated with both kinds of event and which are associated with only one. Be sure you know what
causes earthquakes.
Be familiar with the phenomenon of intraplate volcanoes at http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec17.htm
Know the difference between the various types of earthquake waves and how the epicenter of an earthquake is
located. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec18.htm
Fourth Dimension
1. Review your Fourth Dimension assignment (short answer portion)
2. Know the difference between Law of Superposition, unconformities, Law of Horizontality and how to
apply them when looking at a cross section.
See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec8.html
3. Review transportation and depositional processes involving sediments
See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_comp_sedimentary2.html
4. How to determine rock origin
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_origin_determine.html
5. Understand the differences in the texture of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Terms to
know (Texture, Crystalline, Clastic, glass, vesicular, non-vesicular)
For example: If a geologist finds in the field a rock with poorly sorted grains with a clastic texture what
class of rock would it belong too? Ans. Sedimentary
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_texture.html
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rocks_conclusions.html
DECIPHERING A SAMPLE OF EARTH HISTORY
You will be given an example very similar to this and have to determine:
--the sequence of events
--appropriate law (ex. The relative age of Intrusion C and fault F-F can be determined by? Ans.
Cross-cutting relationships.) http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec8.html
--determine the age of a layer based on information given
http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec10.html
--Know what an unconformity represents.