Social Analysis
Iris G. Capitulo
NSTP Facilitator
Social Analysis
What are the external factors that affect our being?
How do we interpret them?
Social Analysis Defined
• Social – L socialis, from socius (companion,
ally, associate); akin to Old English secg
(man, follower, companion) Gr. aossein (to
help, stand by) Sanskrit sakha companion,
friend
• Analysis – Gr. analyein (to dissolve)
• study, examination and/or investigation of
social movements and/or occurrences.
• It sometimes explains the significance of
social occurrences or relationships between
2 or more social structures.
• It is multi-dimensional
Why Analyze?
• broader understanding of situational realities
• provides us the tools to learn the cause and effect of
social movements (or occurrences)
• gives us the opportunity to affect social movements
toward development
• because analysis can bring to
greater understanding of causes…
and identification of causes can
lead to formulation of appropriate
responses
Why Analyze?
• Because to analyze is to increase
AWARENESS of what's happening in a
situation, whether you are directly involved
with the issue or not.
• To analyze allows us to identify who are
the people benefiting from a condition and
more importantly who are being abused!
• To analyze is to find a middle ground
where there is a balance between positive
and negative impact of an issue
Different Approaches
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Historical Analysis - analysis of issue as it develops
through time
Conjunctural Analysis - analysis of issue in relation
to related topics and problems
Class Analysis - analysis of issue based on
individuals involved, with focus on their class type
(societal group)
Gender Analysis - analysis of issue based on power
relations between male and female contending
entities
Environmental Analysis – analysis of issue based
on its relation with the situation and particularly the
context (environment) in which is appears
Sample Case
• may isang batang may measles
• Meron siyang fever at posibleng
namumula
• To the undiscerning eye or to the nondoctor
• Ang sakit ng bata ay lagnat at posibleng
rashes or allergy
• Both are mere symptoms or
manifestations of the real disease
• Same with poverty
Different Approaches
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Historical Analysis - analysis of issue as it develops
through time
Conjunctural Analysis - analysis of issue in relation
to related topics and problems
Class Analysis - analysis of issue based on
individuals involved, with focus on their class type
(societal group)
Gender Analysis - analysis of issue based on power
relations between male and female contending
entities
Environmental Analysis – analysis of issue based
on its relation with the situation and particularly the
context (environment) in which is appears
Dimensions of Social Analysis
1. Political
2. Socioeconomic
3. Environmental
4. Educational
5. Socio-cultural
Political Dimension
– What about
rights and
freedom?
– How is power
distributed?
– Who wins? Who
loses? Who
decides?
Socio-economic
– What are implications
to the economy?
– If there is change, how
are the new resources
(tangible and nontangible) allocated?
– Who owns? Who
produces? Who
consumes?
– Who gains? Who
pays?
Socio-Cultural
– What are the
relationships among
persons/groups here?
– Who is being
developed? Who
manipulated?
– What are the values
exhibited?
Environmental
• How does it affect
my environment?
• Is nature a cause
for change?
• Is it phenomenal or
man made
change?
Educational
• How will the
education figure
into the equation?
• Who learns? Who
is neglected?
• How is history
changed?
Some statistics in the
Philippines
Statistics is an important tool.
It transforms opinions into facts.
What do the numbers say about the
condition of the country?
Educational Statistics
BASIC EDUCATION & LITERACY
• NCR has the highest simple literacy rate in the country at
99.0% covering both sexes aged 10 years old and
above, which is 5.6% higher than the national literacy
rate of 93.4%
• However, NCR posted the highest proportion of Out-ofSchool-Youth (OSY) at 15% of children and youth aged
7-24 years old
Socio-Economic Statistics
• The region’s main sources of income are:
Services
Manufacturing
Trade
Construction
-
57.73%
16.6%
14%
7.92%
• As of 2004, the total labor force is 7,603,000 or
64.10% participation rate of employable persons
15 years old and above
• As of 2004, the Employment Rate is 81.6% and
the unemployment rate is 18.4%
Socio-cultural statistics
•
•
•
•
Population (2005): 85.2 million
Population Growth Rate: 2%++
Average Family Size : 5-6 persons
Gender
– Total Women : 42.4M
– Total Men: 42.9M
• Life Expectancy
– Male: 67.6 years
– Female: 73.1 years
Health Statistics
• 73.8% of families have access to safe water
supply and 78% have sanitary toilets
• In terms of immunization, Metro Manila has
achieved 82% coverage of the targeted 314,561
children in 2005. This resulted to the protection
of children against the six leading causes of
childhood diseases
• At the household level, poor families and the
unemployed now numbering to 789,000
individuals are the more nutritionally at risk of
malnutrition because the lack of money limits
their access to nutritious food.
Socio-economic statistics
•
•
•
•
•
Ave. annual Income: Php 148, 616
Poverty Threshold: Php 12,267
Poverty Incidence: 24.7%
Labor Force Participation Rate: 66.1%
Unemployment Rate (4/05): 7.7%
Social Welfare Statistics
• In 1999, an estimated total number of 577,291 informal settlers
thrive in Metro Manila
• The Top 5 Most Populated by informal settlers are:
1. Quezon City
(181,658)
2. Pasay City
(70,709)
3. Caloocan City
(52,144)
4. City of Manila
(50,052)
5. Muntinlupa City (34,705)
• 46% of them are in Government Infrastructure, 25% are occupying
Private Land while the rest are in Danger Areas, Public Land and
Areas for Priority Development (APDs)
• Of this figure, a total of 190,134 families or 1,275,805 individuals are
falling below the poverty line which is equivalent to 11.4% poverty
incidence
• This qualifies NCR to the Top 10 regions with the highest increases
in poverty incidence
CHILDREN & YOUTH
• Of the estimated 1,815,691 pre-school age children,
80,036 are attending public day care centers
managed by the Local Government Units
• Incidence of abuse committed against children:
28.71% (877 cases) of these are physical and sexual
abuse, 14% (428) are abandoned while 2.71% (83)
are victims of child trafficking
WOMEN
• 67.04% or 111,857 of them are working according to
the National Statistics Office
• But there are about 55,000 or 32.96% who are
unskilled
• In 2004, the reported incidence cases committed
against women are mostly sexual abuse which
accounts for 475 cases, physical abuse (82 cases),
and victims of illegal recruitment at 72 reported cases
PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
• According to the 1995 NSO Survey, there are more
female PWDs than males that is true to the adult agerange (25 above)
• Disabilities among the younger generation (ages 024) is almost 45 times lower compared to the adult
PWDs aged 25 above
• The most prevalent types of disability are Paralysis of
the limbs, Mental Retardation, Partial Blindness, and
Muteness
OLDER PERSONS
•The most common reported incidence of Older Person
Cases are Neglect and abandonment which accounts of
98.78% of those cases handled in DSWD Centers
FAMILIES
• Around 110,405 families or 8.38% are separated or
divorced in Metro Manila
•There are 57,390 Solo Parent Families; 612,233
Cohabiting Families
• 505,518 Families are female-headed
•There are around 613,122 families in identified disaster
prone areas and 30,168 who are displaced by disasters
Response
1. Promote a united front against poverty
and social inequality
2. Contribute as a citizen, respect law and
government
3. Pursue equitable growth and continued
efficiency
4. Adopt sustainable development
Social Reform
Module 7: Process of Change
Social Reform
Could be:
• Slow, gradual & evolutionary: it might be
barely noticeable
• Fast, radical, sudden & revolutionary: it
may take people by surprise
• Wide in scope, affecting almost all people
in society
• Limited in scope, affecting only a small
number of people
Three Major Approaches
1. Welfare/Dole out Approach
2. Modernization/ Development Approach
3. Participatory/ Liberationist Approach
Dole out Approach
• aka Welfare Approach
• Response: remove visible manifestations
of poverty
• Assumption: poverty is inevitable, a result
of laziness of the poor and cruel fate
• Side Effect: Breeds dependency
• Positive Aspect: Best during cases where
immediate help is needed (i.e. calamity)
Dole-out Approach
“Give a poor
man a fish and
he gets to live
for a day.”
Modernization Approach
• aka Industrialization or Developmental
Approach
• Response: Adopt western mode of
development, utilize technology and
liberalize!!! Development will result from
injection of more funds, more foreign
investment, more trade and commerce
and more impact projects
Modernization Approach
• Assumption: Poverty as a result of
traditionalism
• Implication: Anyone who is non-western
will be poor.
• Side effect: Resources tend to be
controlled by the few.
• Positive Aspect: Infrastructure and trade
promote employment and economic
growth
Modernization Approach
Teach a poor
man how to
fish and he
gets to live for
a week.
Liberationist Philosophy
• aka Participatory or Sustainable
Development Approach
• Response: Empower the poor to break
away from poverty. Let the poor share in
this vision of progress
• Assumption: Poverty is a result of unjust
social structures. It is historically based
and is propagated by the worldwide
system of inequality between nations.
Liberationist Philosophy
• Implication: Man is the main actor of
change.
• Promotes:
– unity and creation of People’s organizations
– COM strategy
• Conscientization
• Organization
• Mobilization
Liberationist Philosophy
• Side comment: Needs a visionary leader
who can overcome conflict and promote
consensus building
Liberationist Approach
Teach a poor man
why he is poor,
teach that poor
man how to catch
fish and teach that
poor man how to
nurture his fishing
ground and he gets
to live for a lifetime.