REVIEW
WRITING RULES
Phrases, Clauses,
and Conjunctions
We are going to discuss:
Conjunctions
Phrases
Independent Clauses
Dependent Clauses
What are
phrases and
clauses?
Phrases
• Phrase – a group of words that does not
have a subject and a verb.
• EX: After lunch
• EX: Before slithering down the stairs and
across the road
Clauses
There are 2 types
of clauses.
Independent Clauses
• Independent Clauses: Can
stand alone. Like an adult,
independent clauses can be
by themselves. Has a subject
and a verb.
• EX: Andy likes ice cream.
• EX: He went to the store to
buy some.
Dependent Clause
• Dependent Clause: Has a
subject and a verb but does
not make sense by itself.
Cannot stand alone!
• Ex: Although I ran
• Ex: Because you should go to
the animal shelter
What is a
conjunction?
What is a coordinating
conjunction?
• Coordinating conjunctions
connect words, phrases,
and clauses.
Co. Conj.
• Conjunctions combine words, phrases, or
clauses.
• Words: Bob and Suzie
• Phrases: After lunch but before dinner
• Clauses: Andy likes ice cream, and he went to
the store to buy some.
Co. Conj.
Just remember FANBOYS.
For
And
Nor
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
F – For
A – And
N – Nor
B – But
O – Or
Y – Yet
S - So
But
Or
Yet
So
Sub. Conj.
• A subordinating conjunction always begins a
dependent clause.
• A subordinating conjunction is a word which
joins together a dependent clause and an
independent clause.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_v69qr_gAM
Common Subordinating
Conjunctions
as
because
in order that
since
so that
where
wherever
although
whereas
as
while
as though
even though
just as
though
More…
even if
if
in case
provided that
unless
after
as soon as
as long as
before
once
still
till
until
when
whenever
Subordinating Conjunction and
Dependent Clauses
• You can turn any independent clause into a
dependent clause by adding a subordinating
conjunction!
For example:
I ate the cheese
Sam finished his homework
Ms. Reece drank her coffee
When I ate the cheese
Because Sam finished his homework
While Ms. Reece drank coffee
Example
• The girl was wearing slippery socks. She fell
down the stairs.
Example
• Dependent clause:
Because the girl was wearing slippery socks
• Independent clause:
She fell down the stairs.
• Full sentence:
Because the girl was wearing slippery socks, she fell
down the stairs.