Group 8 members
Presenters of stress
1.Nadhiru Nassor.
Introduction&Areas affected
by stress
2.Janeth Thomas
Types and causes of stress
3.Amani Luoga
Effects&stress reaction
4.Swaibu Nuhu
Treatment of stress
5.Amulike Mwakitalu
Prevention of stress
Presenters of coping
1.Irene Thadeo
Coping and coping strategies
2.Vicent
Coping theory 1&2
3.Bahati Mrikarika
Macroanalytic,Trait oriented theory
4.Kelvin Maliki
Macroanalytic,State oriented
Theories
5.Sarah Magoma
Summary & conclusion
Stress And Coping
Hubert Kairuki Memorial University
Department of Behaviour Science
Group 8 presentation
15 th,February 2016.
Outline
Introduction
Areas affected by stress
Types of stress
Causes of stress
Stress reaction
Effects and Treatment and prevention of
stress
Coping
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Learning Objectives
Understand meaning of stress and coping
Understand types,causes,effects,reactions,
prevention of stress
To know clinical diagnosis of stress
To uderstand coping strategies and Theories of
coping.
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Introduction
Stress
- Is a physical , mental or emotional factor that causes
bodily or mental tension(by Merriam Webster)
From A.C.P Sims&WI Hule stress was defined into
three categories
a)Stimulus based definition
-Is any factor that threatens the health of the body
or has an adverse effect on its function
eg.injury,diseases or worry
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Introduction....
b)Response based definition
- Is the non specific response towards any demand
made up on it eg.Alarm reaction
C)Interaction definition
- A relationship between the person and his or her
environment eg. Hijacking and bereavement
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Areas affected by Stress
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1.Internal
Types of stress
- From illness or medical procedure
2.External
- From the environment ,physiological social situation
Causes of stress
1.Personal problem
- your health eg. Heart diseases
- Emotional problems eg.anger
- Major life changes eg.moving to new city
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Causes of stress…
2.Social and job issues
- Your surrounding eg.over crouding
- Your social situation eg. Can be of
money,discrimination etc
3.If you have faced a life threatening or bad
event eg. Being raped
Stress reaction
-It has divided into four..
1.Behavioral stress
-Changes on how people look,act or talk
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Stress reaction….
2.Physical stress response
-Alarm stage
-Resistance stage
-Exhaustion stage
3.Emotional stress response
eg.fear,anger,irritability or talk(facial expression)
4.Cognitive stress responses
- Poor concentration,distorted things and
forgetfulness
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Effects of stress
(a)Heart diseases
(b)High blood pressure
(c)Diabetes
(d)Obesity
Treatment of stress
-Take some deep sleep
-Talk to some one you trust
-Make time for things you enjoy
-Exercise
-Have a health check with your doctor
-Try to avoid smoking,alcohol and caffein
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Prevention of stress
-Engage socially eg.have lunch or coffee with a friend
-Avoid unneccessary stress
-Adopt a healthly lifestyle
-Make time for fun and relaxation
-Accept things you cant change
-Adapt to the stressor eg.have positive paspectives of
the stress for situation
-Alter the situation eg.manage your time better,be
willing to compromise
-Get moving eg.involve in physical activities
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Coping
-is the expand conscious efforts to solve
personal and interpersonal problems and
seeking to minimize stress (Weiton & Lloy M.A 2008 )
Coping strategies
1.Problem focused strategy. This relies on using active
ways to directly tackle the situation that caused the
stress.
(a)Analyse the situation eg.pay attention
(b)work harder eg.stay up all to study for an exam
(c)Apply what you have already learned to your daily
life
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Coping strategies….
2.Emotional focused strategies. This is used to handle
feeling of distress rather than the act problem
situation you focus on your emotions
(a)Brood eg.accept new tasks instead of saying “no”
(b)Imagine /magic thinking eg.you dream about
better financial
(c)Blame eg.you blame yourself or others for the
situation
(d)Social eg.you talk to your best friend about your
problems
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Coping theories
1.Trait versus State-oriented Theories
Trait oriented Theories. focus on the early
recognition of a persons resources and tendencies
related coping
State oriented Theories.Emphasize the actual
coping of an individual and the outcome of the
application of coping methods or strategies
2.Microanalytic versus Macroanalytic Approach
Microanalytic approach. Study a wide variety of
specific and concrete coping strategy
Macroanalytic approach.concentrate on
fundamental and abstract coping methodology
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Macroanalytic,Trait-oriented
coping Theories
(a)Repression sensitization. State that There is a
bipolar dimension in which a person copes with the
stress in only one of two opposite poles repression
or sensitization
(b)Monitoring and building. According to Miller, Is a
construct that is based on the repressionsensitization theory due to their similarity in their
nature as cognitive informational style.
(c)Model of coping modes. Originates from the
monitoring-blunting construct and also related to
repression-sensitization conception, but expands
concepts of vigilance and cognitive avoidance.
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Macroanlytic,State-Oriented
Theories
The defense mechanism constructs by Sigmund
Freud in 1926 is one of the few
macroanalytic- State oriented theories of coping.
a number of coping mechanism were basically
related to interlectualization and repression.
Richard Lazarus and Suzan Folkman, proposed
yet another theory concentrating on the coping
strategies that are focused on emotion or on the
problem itself,as well as the function related to
them.
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summary
Stress is a physical,mental or emotional factor
that causes bodily or mental tension which
has divided into internal and external and can
be caused by personal problems like anger.
There are stress reactions like physical,
emotional,behavioural and cognitive.Diabetes
and obesity are the effects of stress which can
be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle.
Coping refers to the thouts and actions we use
to deal with a threating situation.There are
different coping strategies like problem…
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summary…
…focused and Emotional strategies.Traitoriented Theories versus State oriented
Theories and Microanalytic versus
Macroanalytic approach are two parameters
of coping Theories.
Conclusion
Stress is an unavoidable reality of life in todays
world.You can not beat it entirely and you can
not live without it.The goal of managing stress
isnt be completely without stress.After all, some
stress is healthly for you.
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Refferences
-A.C.P.Sims&W.I.Hume Lecture notes on
Behaviour science
-Theories of coping Sarah Mae Sincero(2012)
-Mind health connect stress (2015)
-Antnovsky,A(1929).Health,Stress and Coping
-www.health forum.com
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