EC Assistance to Somalia
Urban Development Programme
for Somalia
In support of decentralisation and towards
achieving the MDGs
EC Somalia Operations, January 2005
1
POLITICAL CONTEXT



No recognised government for 14
years. Divided in – emerging
local and federal structures.
Clan dimensions
Decentralisation
•
•
•
History of highly centralised
dictatorship.
New Transitional Federal Institutions
in late 2004.
Constitutions of Puntland and
Somaliland – decentralised in
principle but not fully in practice.
2
SOCIAL CONTEXT
Somali Wealth Map
Dense = poor
Light = wealth
DJIBO UT I
BOSSASO
Y
#
CEER IGAAB O
AWD AL
Y
#
SANAG
BARI
GALBEED
BOROMA
Y
#
BURCO
Y
#
Y
#
HARGEYSA
SOOL
TOGDHEER
LAS CAANOOD
Y
#
Y
#
GAROOW E
NUGAL
IA
OP
HI
ET
•
GALKACYO
Y
#
DHU SA-MAREEB
Y
#
BELET -W EYN E
GALGADUD
Y
#
HI RAN
BAKOL
XU DUR
Y
#
GARBAH AREY
Y
#
BAYDHABA
M. SHABEL LE
Y
#
GEDO
•
•
Estimated population of 6.8 million
(2/3 under 10 years)
Over 40% live on less than 1 $/day
Large Diaspora (brain drain)
•
Important Refugee / IDP populations
MUDUG
Y
#
JOWHAR
BAY
[
%
Y
#
M. JUBA
A
Y
N
E
K
# BUAALE
Y
MOGADISHU
MER KA
L. SH ABELLE
SOMALIA
LOWER
JUBA
[
%
Y
#
Capit al
Regional c apit al
Inter nat ional boundary
Regional Boundar y
KI SMAYO
coast line
Y
#
N
0
50
100
150
200
250
300 Kilometers
3
Social context …cont
SOMALIA: POST GU 2004 CRITICAL AREAS
Alula
DJBOUTI
BOS SASO
#
Y
Kandala
Zeylac
Las Qoray/
Badhan
Lughaye
Bak i
Berbera
Boram a
El Afw ein
Bos aso
Erigav o
Is kushuban
Sheik h
Gabiley
Hargeisa
BAND ARBE YLA
#
Gardo
Taleh
Xudun
Caynaba
Odw eine
Bender Beila
Burc o
Buhodle
Las anod
Garow e
Ey l
Burt inle
Galk ayo
Jariban
ET
HI
O
PI
A
Goldogob
Adado
Hobyo
Abudwaq
Biy oley
Bulo Burti
Dolo
El Der
Tieglo
Luuq
ian
O
Haradhere
Belet W eyne
I nd
El Bur
El Barde
Hudur
ce
a
n
Dusa Mareb
Wajid
Jalalaqsi Aden Yabal
Belet H awa
Baidoa
Garbahare
Jowhar
Adale
Wanle W ey ne
Qans ah Dere
El W aq
Bur Hak aba
KENYA
Balad
Afgoye
Dinsor
Bardera
[
%
Qory oley
Kurtun W arrey
Sak ow
Brav a
Jilib
Kis may o
Humanitarian Emergency (level 1)
Non-Alert, with chronic vulnerability
N
Badhadhe
0
50
Higher than usual
malnutrition rates
VULNERABLE GROUPS
Humanitarian Emergency (level 2)
Livelihood Crisis
Alert
Jamam e
No vem be r, 20 04
MOGADISHU
Marka
Sablale
Buale
Afmadow
Deteriorating humanitarian
and livelihood emergency
in several areas (north,
central and south)
• food access problems
• civil insecurity
• low purchasing power
Areas with IDPs
Number of IDPs 400,000
(250,000 in Mogadishu)
100 150 200 250
Kilom eters
Fo od Security Anal ysis Unit - Soma lia
P .O. Box 1230 Vil lage Ma rke t, N airo bi, Ke ny a
Em ail : fsa uinfo@ fsa u.o r.ke tel : 254-20-3745734 fax :254-20-3740598
FSAU is ma na ged by FAO, funde d by EC a nd USA ID- Som ali a FSA U Pa rtners are F EW S, WF P, FAO, U NOCH A SCF- UK, UN ICEF, C ARE, UN DP
The bounda rie s a nd na me s o n these ma ps do not imply official endor se me nt or a cce pta nce by the U ni te d N atio ns. The re gi onal &
Di str ict boundarie s re fl ect tho se endo rsed by the Gov ernme nt o f the Republ ic o f So mal ia in 1986.
4
Urban context

Rapid expansion of cities

Expansion has happened in an unplanned
manner, with limited governance. Basic statistics:
• Economic migration / devastation of rural economies
• Insecurity, creation of large urban IDP camps.
• 35% Urban – Few large cities Mogadishu 1 m+, Hargeisa 0.5
• 19.2% Adult literacy (34.9% Urban)
• 14.3% of urban households headed by women
• 7.5% of deaths in urban areas due to war 2% rural
• 40% urban dwellings in of a non permanent nature
• 38% economically active in urban areas 60% rural
• 25-30% urban income originates from remittances.
• 16.9 % enrolled in primary schools.
5
Urban context
Poverty
Estimated household income
Urban
Rural and
nomadic
Somalia
Total household
income ($ million)
672.4
875.2
1,536.5
Per capita
household income
($)
291
195
226
Income
6
Challenges for Urban sector in
Somalia
 Hierarchical
process
based on past
interventions to ensure
coherent approach to
address the following
problems:

Rapid urban growth
 Serious lack of structures to
guide and manage
development
7
Relevance of MDGs to
Urban development








In decentralised governance structures, municipalities have a
key role in delivery of social services.
Gender empowerment – Specific training
HIV/AIDS – Training and co-ordination with specialist
agencies and municipalities.
Environmental protection – special focus on sanitation.
Drinking water – strong interlink with UNICEF
Reduction of slum dwellings – focus on IDPs and improved
security.
Good governance – central pillar of programme.
Productive work for youths – Local Economic Development
(ILO)
8
AID CONTEXT



1992 Council of Ministers authorised the
Chief Authorising Officer (EC) ‘on behalf of
the Somali people’ to act as NAO.
Cotonou Partnership Agreement Decision
3/2001 of the ACP-EC Council of Ministers
December 2001, gives access to Somalia for
EDF funding.
Strategy for the Implementation of Special
Aid to Somalia (SISAS) – developed by EC
9
SISAS - objectives
A Dual Long Term Objective


To reduce poverty
To promote a more peaceful,
equitable and democratic society
Intervention Objective
To support the sustainable improvement of the livelihood of
the Somali people by enhancing food security and economic
growth and improve access to basic public and social services
as well as the establishment of good governance.
10
SISAS: Sectoral focuses
Focal Sectors:
• Good governance,
reconciliation and peace
building.
• Social Services (education,
health and water).
• Food Security.
Non Focal Sector:
* Private Sector development
(including economic
infrastructures)
11
SISAS Focal sector 1: good governance;
reconciliation and peace building
 Support administrative
structures in applying
principles of good
governance;
 Support contribution of
civil society to the
enhancement of good
governance;
 Contribute to
reconciliation and peace
building.
12
AID IMPLEMENTATION




No direct funding through Somali
counterparts – in the absence of legal
framework.
Implementation of aid through grants –
INGOs and UN Agencies.
Calls for Proposals as a modality to award
grants.
Tenders of FWC for service assignments
13
EU Support
to Urban Development
in Somalia



Sectoral interventions in urban
areas (EDF and budget lines)
Integrated projects in Berbera
and Bossaso (Italian cofinanced).
EC Consultative Guidelines for
Sustainable Urban Development
Co-Operation – Towards
Sustainable Urban Development:
A Strategic Approach (2000)
14

Somalia Urban Sector Profile Study (UN-HABITAT)
– 2 main pillars identified:
1. Improvement of urban governance –
programme in training in good local governance
and leadership (UN-HABITAT).
2. Improvement of urban management –
production of a strategy and programme for
urban development found in:
 An Urban Development Strategy for the EC
in Somalia (Sept 2002)
 An Urban Development Programme for the
EC in Somalia (Oct 2003)
15
Present interventions
for Proposals issued in mid 2004 – grant
awarded to UN-HABITAT led consortium (Dec
04).
 Call
 Strong
partnership:
 INGOs
(UNA / NOVIB) focus on civil society
 UN Organisations: UNDP, UNICEF (Water) and
ILO.
Programme €6 million (18% funded by
UNDP.
 Total
16
Objectives and Priorities



Objective:
Improve the quality of life of all citizens in towns
and cities (over 10.000 people) in Somalia.
Purpose:
Improve management and planning of towns
and cities in Somalia
Expected results:
Improved living conditions
Improved security, health and welfare
Improved water supply and sanitation systems
Improved conditions of streets and the physical
environment
17
Thematic focuses

Interlinks with municipalities (potential
associations)
Information
sharing
Common advocacy
Common policy development
Effective use of resources.
Interlink with Cotonou agreement

Relevant central / Federal governance
structures
Support
to legislative development
and implementation
Financial control and oversight.
Skills development
Policy formulation.
18
Thematic focuses

Integrated City Programmes
Cross cutting thematic focus
related to urban governance e.g:
Financial control, governance .etc.

Expenditure / financial control
Budgeting
Revenue collection, control and
accounting
Relations with central / federal
governance structures
19
Thematic focuses

Land

Property registration
 Town planning

City governance

City constitutions
 Administrative staff
 Councils and executives –
accountability and participation.
 Civil society
 Private sector etc.
Construction of the New Market
20
Thematic focuses … cont
Local
Economic Development
 Employment
Urban
/ income generation
Upgrading
 Focus
on IDPs, Migrants and Returnees
 Improve basic transport infrastructure.
Social
Services
 Policy
development / framework with central admin.
 Regulation of private sector
 Vocational training suited to local economy / LED
 Focus on informal training
 Preventive health.
21
Time frames



Duration: 36 months
Inception phase: 4 months
 Community dialogue, administration and
detailed planning.
Local project preparations and joint development of
activities: up to total of 10.
22
Many thanks
Apology from Eric Beaume and Somali government.
EC Delegation Website:
http://www.delken.cec.eu.int
Europe Aid internet site:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/cgi/frame12.pl
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