APUSH Content Review #2
Unit 3 (Articles of Confederation,
Constitution, Presidencies
of Washington & Adams,
Supreme Court Cases)
“Critical Period” &
Early National Period
Review
Women emerged from the American
Revolution with the new responsibility of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
enjoying the vote
serving in local political office
becoming public school teachers
raising sons and daughters as good
republican citizens
The Jay Treaty (1794) provided for
1. the acceptance of American trade
with the French West Indies
2. free navigation of the Mississippi
3. an ending of the impressment of
American seamen
4. evacuation of English troops from
their posts along the Great Lakes
The Land Ordinance of 1785 established
what precedent for new territories ?
1. town hall meetings
2. fair treatment of Indians
3. popular sovereignty
4. public funds for education
The Judiciary Act of 1789 created
1. a system of lower federal courts
2. elections for federal judges
3. the possibility of impeachment of
federal officials
4. state courts
The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition
Acts was to
1. capture French and British spies
2. control the Federalists
3. silence and punish critics of the
Federalists
4. keep Thomas Jefferson from
becoming president
Washington's Farewell Address in 1796
1. warmly endorsed the appearance of
political parties in America
2. warned against the dangers of
permanent foreign alliances
3. was delivered to a joint session of
Congress by Washington himself
4. proposed a two-term limitation on
the presidency
While Chief Justice John Marshall presided
over the Supreme Court, its decisions
1. generally protected states' rights
2. showed no bias toward either
"broad" or "strict" interpretation
3. laid the groundwork for a “loose"
interpretation of the Constitution
4. reflected the ideas of Thomas
Jefferson's Kentucky Resolutions
Which best reflects the economic hardships
of the "Critical Period"?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Stamp Act Congress
the Northwest Ordinance
the Embargo Act of 1807
Shay's Rebellion
The XYZ Affair involved
1. a French foreign minister's demand
for a bribe
2. the British refusal to evacuate forts
in the Ohio River Valley
3. General Andrew Jackson's incursion
into Spanish-held Florida
4. Aaron Burr's secret plot to detach
the western United States
During the 1790s, Federalists and Republicans
disagreed over all of the following EXCEPT
1. the Bank of the United States
2. foreign policy toward England and
France
3. Hamilton’s funding & assumption
plan
4. democracy versus republicanism
The United States, 1783
Three Branches of Government
Federalism—state gov’ts &
the national gov’t both have power
The supremacy clause establishes the
Constitution (not the states) as the
"the supreme law of the land"
A state law cannot contradict a national law
Colonial Governments
1607-1781
Articles of Confederation
1781-1789
Constitution
1789-present
Taxes
Taxes imposed by British
crown & enforced by royal
governors & tax collectors;
County-courts could
determine local tax rates
Left up to the individual states;
central gov’t did not have
power to tax but can request
funds from states
Both the federal gov’t and the
states have the power to tax
(Federalism!)
Legislative
Authority
Salutary neglect led to
formation of colonial
assemblies; Real authority
rested with governor & king
Unicameral legislature; Each
state has one vote in Congress
but Congress is intentionally
weak to leave most legislative
decisions to the states
Bicameral legislature with
House & Senate; States
make laws too (Federalism!)
Executive
Authority
Royal governors & king
enforced laws; Governor’s
councils advised the governor
No president; no authority has
veto power over the states;
State governors are powerless
as well
President determined by
Electoral College; Has veto
power over Congress; Can
make judicial appointments
Royal courts & county-courts;
Judges chosen by royal
governor
Judicial authority left up to state
courts; Central gov’t has
authority to handle disputes
between states
Supreme Court established;
Federal Courts given power
to enforce federal law; State
courts still in place
Provided for regional
differences
Sovereign states; no tyrannical
oppression
More powerful central gov’t
and sovereign states;
Federalism!
Colonies gradually lost ability
to make local decisions
(Parliamentary Sovereignty)
No power to tax, no national
leadership, Difficult to amend
constitution or pass laws
States cannot act in ways
that conflict with national
laws
Judicial
Authority
Advantages
Disadvantages
Washington’sAlexander
Cabinet Hamilton,
Henry Knox,
Secretary of Treasury
Secretary of War
George Washington,
President
Thomas Jefferson,
Secretary of State
Edmund Randolph,
Attorney General
Hamilton (Federalist)
Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
Role of
Government
A strong national gov’t is necessary; the
“elite” should rule over the masses
The states should have power to protect the
yeoman farmers from potential tyrants
Payment of
National & State
Debts
The national gov’t should “assume” all state
debts & should “fund” debts at full value;
States like Virginia who paid off their debts
should not have to help more negligible
states pay off their debts
Tariffs
The U.S. gov’t should tax imported goods to
generate revenue to pay off debts
The states should not be subject to national
taxes; Import taxes hurt yeoman farmers
by making products more expensive
The U.S.
Economy
U.S. gov’t should support build infrastructure
to support manufacturing
U.S. is a land dominated by yeoman farmers
whose interests need to be protected
Creating a
National Bank
America needs a BUS to regulate currency
& interest rates
The BUS is unconstitutional & places too
much power in the hands of the elite
Interpretation of
the Constitution
The elastic clause allows for a loose
interpretation of the Constitution to fit the
needs of the nation
Whiskey
Rebellion
The national gov’t can issue taxes to raise
revenue; The Whiskey Rebellion is a
Republican plot to promote states’ rights
French
Revolution
The U.S. should support England, not
France, due to England’s superior
economic system
The national gov’t can only operate under the
powers clearly expressed in the
Constitution
The national gov’t should npt taxes the
states; The gov’t used the army to stifle
legitimate opposition to an unfair tax.
The U.S. should support France due to its
conviction to liberty & assistance during
the American Revolution
Political Parties & Supreme
Court Cases Review Sheet
Constitution
Review
The group most likely to approve of the
Articles of Confederation would be
1. former Continental army officers
2. those who feared strong central
government
3. bankers, merchants, and financiers
4. those who feared the dangers of
unrestrained democracy
In Marbury v. Madison, John Marshall
argued that the Supreme Court could:
1. remove federal officials who would
not or could not perform their duties
2. declare federal laws unconstitutional
3. uphold the authority of the federal
government over the states
4. determine cases involving interstate
commerce
1.
2.
3.
4.
In order to become a law, a bill in
Congress must
receive a 2/3 majority of the votes in
Congress
receive a 3/4 majority of the votes in
each house of Congress
receive a 2/3 majority of votes in
each house of Congress
pass both houses of Congress in
identical form
Which amendment was NOT part of the
Bill of Rights?:
1. freedoms of speech, press, religion
2. trial by jury
3. protection against illegal search
4. direct election of senators
1.
2.
3.
4.
According to the Constitution, the
president is chosen by
the House of Representatives
popular vote of the people
the Electoral College
both Houses of Congress
1.
2.
3.
4.
Those who opposed ratification of the
Constitution were called
Whigs
Anti-Federalists
Republicans
Federalists
Under the Constitution, the status of the
Indian tribes in the west was
1. not clearly defined
2. that of conquered nations
3. that of independent nations
4. the same as states
All were weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation government EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
it lacked the power to levy taxes
it lacked the power to regulate trade
it lacked the power to borrow money
it lacked a strong executive
The central compromise of the
Constitutional Convention involved the
1. balance of powers among the 3
branches of the federal government
2. relationship of state & federal powers
3. abandonment of the Articles of
Confederation
4. representation of large & small states
The first amendments to the Constitution,
the Bill of Rights, were added to protect
1. the states from the power of the
federal government
2. individual citizens from the power of
the federal and state governments
3. minorities from the majority
4. individual citizens from the power of
the federal government
The fact that the Constitution provided for
federalism and checks and balances suggests
1. the original thirteen states sought to
dominate the national government
2. the writers desired the national
government to rule over the states
3. the American people at that time
supported a military government
4. its writers feared a concentration of
political power
Both the Articles of Confederation and the
U.S. Constitution provided for
1. a Congress with legislative powers
2. a Supreme Court with judicial power
3. president with executive powers
4. local governments with veto powers
1.
2.
3.
4.
According to the U. S. Constitution,
revenue bills must originate with
the House of Representatives
the Senate
either house of Congress
the president
In Constitution, each may be accomplished
by a simple majority vote EXCEPT
1. Congress declares war
2. Congress passes a law
3. the Senate ratifies a treaty
4. the electoral college must
select a president
The “father of the Constitution” drafted the
plan to replace the Articles of Confederation
and developed the “Great Compromise”
1.
2.
3.
4.
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
This part of the Constitution gives
Congress the power to pass laws that are
"necessary and proper"
1. Habeas Corpus
2. Elastic Clause
3. Federalism
4. Due Process
Any power given to the national government
based on the "elastic clause" and is not
directly stated in the Constitution is called a
1.
2.
3.
4.
Delegated power
Implied Power
Reserved Power
Enumerated Power
This plan called for a national government
with a bicameral legislature with members
proportional to each state’s population
1.
2.
3.
4.
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Albany Plan
Crittenden Plan
A form of government in which power is
shared by different political levels, as
between states and the national government
1. Separation of Powers
2. Democracy
3. Republicanism
4. Federalism
The belief that the national government can
exercise only those powers that are
specifically stated by the Constitution
1.
2.
3.
4.
Elastic Clause
Strict Construction
Loose Construction
Original Jurisdiction
A Constitutional guarantee that persons
under legal investigation receive fair
treatment from government officials
1.
2.
3.
4.
Double Jeopardy
Self Incrimination
Due Process of Law
Habeas Corpus
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