Minnesota Healthcare Core Curriculum
Created by: Dede Carr, BS, LDA
 These materials are made available by the Minnesota
State Colleges and Universities through a Creative
Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 3.0 License.
Fun Quotes to Ponder
“There’s only one corner of the world that you can be certain
of improving, and that’s your own self.” Aldous Huxley
“The great thing in the world is not so much where we stand
but in what direction it is moving.” Oliver Wendall
“If you wish to achieve worthwhile things in your personal
and career life, you must become a worthwhile person in
your own self-development.” Brian Tracy
Competency 1
1. Describe the major stages of human development and
the basic health needs of humans.
a. Describe five common characteristics of growth and
development.
b. Describe human needs theory regarding human
actualization
Growth & Development
 Growth – physical changes that place in the body
 Development – increase in mental, emotional and
social capabilities
 Growth & Development from a total process that
affects the person physically, mentally and socially.\
5 Common Characteristics of
Growth & Development
Occur in an orderly pattern from simple to complex.
2. Continuous process characterized by spurts of growth
3. Affects all body systems but at different time periods
4. Varies from person to person
5. Forms a total process that affects the person physically,
mentally and socially
1.
Stages & Developmental Tasks
 As people mature from infancy to old age, person pass
through several stages.
 Developmental task have to be accomplished
 Tasks are social, emotional and psychological growth
experiences
Erikson’s Stages of Development
(1950)
STAGE
AGE
ERIKSON’S
STAGE
Prenatal
Infancy
Conception - Birth
Birth – 1 year
Trust vs. Mistrust
Toddler
1 – 3 years
Preschooler
3 – 6 years
Autonomy vs.
Shame/Doubt
Initiative vs.
Guilt
Erikson’s Stages of
Development,
cont
STAGE
AGE
ERIKSON’S STAGE
School Age Child
6 – 12 years
Industry vs.
Inferiority
Adolescences
12 – 20 years
Identity vs.
Role Confusion
Young Adulthood
20s and 30s
Intimacy vs.
Isolation
Middle Adulthood
40s and 50s
Generativity vs.
Stagnation
Later Adulthood
60s to death
Ego Integrity vs.
Despair
Early Adulthood
Late teens
2. Development tasks
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
30s
Personal & economic independence
Support group of friends and others
Developing work skills/career
Establishing a family
Managing optimal health & healthy lifestyle
Middle Adulthood
From 30s
mid 60s
2. Developmental tasks
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Expanding personal & social involvement &
responsibility
Adjusting to the physiological & emotional changes of
middle age
Reaching & maintaining job satisfaction
Maintaining health & managing emerging chronic
health conditions
Late Adulthood – Mid 60s to Death
Age is influenced by heredity, nutrition, exercise and
lifestyle
Young – old (65 – 74 years) Development Tasks:
 No change from middle age if healthy
 Decreasing physical strength & changes in body – social
 Adjustments to retirement
 Adjustments to changing family roles with spouse, adult
children, grandchildren
Late Adulthood - Mid 60s to Death,
cont
Middle – Old ( 75 – 84 years) Developmental Task
 More chronic conditions such as arthritis
 Adjustments to losses – car, siblings, friends
 Need to accept life’s experiences
 Accepting one’s immortality
Old – Old ( 85 and older) Developmental Task
Acceptance of physical limits
Dependence on others for help
Losses increase related to social activities & death
Acceptance of relocation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 Abraham Maslow, 1908 – 1970, Brooklyn, NY, studied
law, studied psychology at University of WI, theory of
psychology
 Studied people such as Albert Einstein, Eleanor
Roosevelt, Fredrick Douglass
 Studied the healthiest 1% of the college student
population
Physiological Needs
 Water, oxygen, protein, salt, sugar, body temp
 Also a need to be active, to rest, eliminate waste, avoid
pain
 These are individual needs
Safety & Security Needs
 Finding safe circumstances
 Stability
 Protection
 A need for structure, for order, for limits
 Becoming concerned with your fears and anxieties
 Have a home in a safe neighborhood, nest egg, job security,
good retirement, medical insurance
Love & Belonging Needs
 Feel the need for a friend, a lover, children, a sense of
community, a need to belong
 Become vulnerable to loneliness & social anxieties
 Exhibited through our need to marry, have a family, be
part of a gang or softball team, a church, a community
Self-Esteem Needs
 “Belonging”
the need to feel important
 Internal esteem = self respect & achievement
 confidence, independence, freedom, mastery
 External esteem = social status & recognition
 fame, glory, recognition, attention, reputation
Self-Actualization
 Growth motivation, being needed, self actualization
 These things do not involve balance
 Will become stronger as we “feed” them
 Fulfill potentials - - “be all that you can be”
 YOU
 Self – Actualization = having your lower needs met
 If lower needs are not met = cannot devote yourself to
your full potential
The Needs of Self-Actualizers
Truth
Unity
Uniqueness
Justice
Richness
Goodness
Wholeness
Perfection
Order
Playfulness
Beauty
Aliveness
Completion
Simplicity
Meaningfulness
Competency 2
 2. Describe the needs of clients across the lifespan and
how those needs can affect behaviors and attitudes.
a. Describe the 3 different types of needs that humans
have across the life span.
b. List the basic needs of infants, children and
adolescents.
c. List the developmental needs of young adults and
older adults
Three types of needs include:
 Physical
 Emotional
 Spiritual
 (in some cultures these needs are described as
Body/Mind/Spirit)
 Age of child determines rate of development in each
area.
Basic Needs by Age Groups
 Infants
 Children
 Young Adults
 Older Adults
Age Group Needs
1.
Needs across Lifespan
Physical
Body
Emotional
Spiritual
Mind
Spirit
Infant/Children/Teens
Physical, emotional, spiritual
AGE DETERMINES
Ex: small children prioritize food, warmth, rest,
emotional comfort
Competency 3
 3. Describe the types of emotional, spiritual, mental
health and social needs of clients and their families.
Define family.
b. List five functions of families
c. Describe family influence on healthcare
d. Describe emotional needs of clients and their families.
e. Describe spiritual needs of clients and their families.
f. Describe mental health issues of clients and their
families.
g. Describe social needs of clients and their families.
a.
Family Quotes to Ponder
The family is a haven in a heartless world.
~Christopher Lasch
Families are like fudge – mostly sweet with a few nuts
~Author Unknown
Call it a clan, call it a network, call it a tribe, call it a family.
Whatever you call it, whoever you are, you need one.
~Jane Howard
Family
 Two or more people who have chosen to live together
and share their interests, roles, and resources
 Types of families
6 Functions of Family
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Growth & development of its members
Protection
Nurturance
Reproduction
Recreation
Socialization & Education
Family Influence on Healthcare
 First to recognize illness in its members
 Families determine:
 Whether or not to seek treatment
 What type of treatment is appropriate
 Who should provide the treatment
 Where should the treatment be provided
Emotional Needs of
Clients and Families
 Available support from team members
 Conversations appropriate to situation
 Accurate information
 Acceptance of array of emotions
Spiritual Needs of
Clients and Families
 Respect religious needs/values
 Make available proper religious clergy
 Rabbi
 Priest
 Iman
 Native American Tribal Elder
 Chaplain
 Pastor
 Etc.
Mental Health Issues
 Depression
 Avoidance
 Anger
 Fear
 Isolation
Defense Mechanisms
 Denial
 Projection
 Enable
 Suppression
 Rationalization
Successful Coping Strategies
 Relaxation techniques
 Prioritization
 Time Management
 Self-Care
Societal Needs of
Clients and Families
 Activity inclusion
 Active role in care
 Care Conference participation
 Support Group availability
Competency 4
4. Explain how different diseases can influence the
functioning, behaviors, and attitudes of individuals
including dementia/Alzheimer’s Disease.
a. Describe how chronic illness affects individual
coping and behaviors.
b. Describe how acute illness affects coping and
behaviors.
Diseases – Chronic Illness
Chronic Illness – health problem of long duration in which
the disease condition shows little change or slowly gets worse
 Chronic illness affects the person’s ability to meet their
needs for self actualization.
 Chronic illness includes stressors that impact the client &
family over time.
Stressors
 Emotional – depression
 Physical – chronic pain, limited mobility
 Social – isolation
 Financial – healthcare costs
 Family dynamics – not able to fulfill family role
Family Dynamic
May be Affected by
 The type of illness
 The duration of the illness
 Clients ability to fulfill the family role
Diseases – Acute Illness
Acute Illness – a health problem of short duration in
which the condition improves or resolves
 Stress is still present
 Crisis = people act differently – anger
 Hospitalization
 Chronic illness stressors are present
Dementia/Alzheimer’s
 Chronis illness
 Impact on loved ones
 Behavior modification
 Personal feelings providing care to clients with
dementia/Alzheimer’s
 For additional information: Share the Alzheimer’s PP
Competency 5
5. Describe selected client service strategies, including
customer service their impact on quality client care and
the importance of client participation in group/family
activities.
a. Identify ways that healthcare workers can promote
client services.
b. Discuss ways that quality client care can be enhanced
in the health care setting.
c. List common expectations for service.
d. Discuss importance of client/family inclusion group
activities
Service Strategies
 Healthcare workers promote client services
a) Stay focused on their needs
b) Avoid personal feelings
c) Recognize stage development
d) Recognize impact of family
CLIENTS ARE………….
 Internal customers = work in healthcare
 External customers = come to care
Service Strategies
 How to bring quality care to setting
 Focus on the client
 Care for self
 Leave personal problems at home
 Seek professional development to assist in
developing your own service strategies
 Remember
 Patient/client’s vulnerability
 Maybe in a crisis
Expectations for Service
 Service is……..
 Timely
 Patient centered
 Compassionate
Importance of Inclusion Group
Activities
 May reduce loneliness
 Provide socialization
 Increases self-worth
 Refocus negative thoughts to positive
 Promotes feeling of acceptance
Competency 6
 6. Define the stages and processes of death and dying
and the influences those stages have on clients and
their families.
List the emotional stages of grief that occurs in death
and dying.
b. List the needs of the dying client and their family
c. List the different causes of death and describe how this
may affect the client and families ability to progress
through the stages of death.
a.
Death
 5 Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
Death
 NEEDS of dying client/patient
 Spiritual
 Family Support
 Learning needs
 Physiological
 Hospice
 Home care
Causes of Death and the Affect on
Families
 Unexpected = shock
 Anticipated = family is tired, prolonged grieving
 Traumatic = Homicide, suicide
Competency 7
7. Describe how to care for the clients’ environment
Discuss importance of clean environment
b. Describe proper care of clients’ personal items
a.
Avoid Clutter
 Clean surface items appropriately
 Reduce allergens
 Promote infection control
Care of Personal Items
 Do not move personal items to new location
 Cause or increase confusion
 Precipitate anxiety that item is lost
 Ask client for cleaning suggestions
 Promotes feeling of inclusion
 Encourages pride in surroundings
Competency 8
8. Using a problem solving process applied to healthcare
situations; describe how healthcare workers can be
aware and sensitive to their clients’ needs/ behaviors.
a. Discuss the problem solving process as applied to
awareness and sensitivity to clients utilizing a team
approach.
Problem Solve
 Identify the problem
 Gather information
 Create solutions
 Select a solution
 Act/evaluate/revise