Regional report on ozone
research and monitoring
Nordic countries
Leif Backman (FMI) Finland
Weine Josefsson (SMHI) Sweden
Niels Larsen (DMI) Denmark and Greenland
Árni Sigurðsson (Vedurstofa) Iceland
Tove Svendby (NILU) Norway
Nordic sites of UV and total ozone
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The Reykjavik Total Ozone Dataset
Greenland
Denmark
DMI Brewer measurements
No significant trends since 1991.
Danish ozone and UV activities
Copenhagen: Brewer since 1992, broad band UV since 1993
Kangerlussuaq (NDACC): Brewer since 1990
Thule (NDACC): SAOZ since 1990, campaign based O3 soundings
Scoresbysund (NDACC):Wekly O3 soundings since 1993, narrow band UV since 2008
Match campaigns
Data reporting to NDACC and WOUDC
UV index forecasts to the public in Denmark and Greenland
NRT global UV (O3M-SAF)
EC Earth climate model, stratospheric representation, strat/trop coupling
Modelling on personal UV exposure
Ozone and UV activities in Finland
• Long-term monitoring
• UV & TOZ (Sodankylä & Jokioinen)
• Soundings
• Sodankylä (GRUAN) soundings O3 (+ water vapour + PSCs)
• Marambio soundings in cooperation with Argentina
• Recent activity, participation on the development of the Air core instrument, GHG profile
measurements (DB circulation)
• Satellites
• Networks
• IGACO
• EUMETSAT O3SAF
• Services & data dissemination to the public
• UVI forecast
• OMI VFD
• Examples of analysis & combining data
• 2011 ozone loss and effect on summer UV
• Ozone trends from satellite data
Combined SAGE II–GOMOS ozone profile data set for 1984–
2011 and trend analysis of the vertical distribution of ozone
• Data from two satellite occultation instruments were combined
to generate a homogeneous ozone time series for 1984-2011
(60S-60N)
– SAGE II solar occultation
instrument,1984-2005
– GOMOS star occultation
instrument, 2002-2012.
• At altitudes from 35 km to
50 km a small positive trend
of 0-2% per decade was
found
•
Kyrölä et al., ACP, 2013.
Ozone and UV activities in Sweden
Long-term monitoring
Norrköping and Vindeln (Total ozone and UV)
Kiruna (Lidar, FTIR, DOAS)
Harestua (NDACC, FTIR) in Norway
Satellites (mainly SMR and OSIRIS on ODIN)
Dissemination to the public
UVI forecast
Near real time UV (STRÅNG-system)
SMHI, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Swedish
Radiation Safety Authority have info on ozone and UV on their
web sites.
Main institutions involved in the Norwegian
UV and ozone monitoring activities
NILU - Norwegian
Institute for Air
Research
University of Oslo
The Norwegian
Radiation Protection
Authority
Andøya
Rocket Range
Overview of the locations and institutes involved in ozone and UV monitoring activities in Norway
Station
Grimstad
Oslo
Østerås
Bergen
Finse
Kise
Trondheim
Andøya
Ny-Ålesund
Antarctica
Location
58oN, 08oE
60oN, 10oE
60oN, 10oE
60oN, 05oE
60oN, 07oE
60oN, 10oE
63oN, 10oE
69oN, 16oE
79oN, 12oE
72ºS, 02ºE
UV
GUV
GUV
GUV
GUV
GUV
GUV
GUV
GUV
GUV
NILU-UV
Total
ozone
Ozone
lidar
Brewer, GUV
Brewer, GUV
SAOZ, GUV
NILU-UV
x
Institute
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
University of Oslo/ Norwegian Institute for Air Research
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
Norwegian Institute for Air Research /Andøya Rocket Range
Norwegian Institute for Air Research
Norwegian Institute for Air Research
Additional research activities at CICERO, NTNU, University of Bergen, The Bjerknes
Centre and The Polar Institute
UV and ozone monitoring stations in Norway
Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard)
•A
Andøya
ALOMAR (Andøya)
Ny-Ålesund
UV
Total ozone
Ozone profiles
(now excluded)
Oslo
Univ. of Oslo
UV-trend
• Annual integrated UV doses (kJ/m2) for
the period 1995-2013 in:
Oslo Tromsø/Andøya Ny-Ålesund
• No significant trend
• Below Norrköping (Sweden)
• Significant trend
CFC measurements at Zeppelin, Svalbard
Performed by NILU
A new Medusa-GCMS
installed in 2010:
• 40 new species
measured
• Improved precision
compared to ADS-GCMS
Annual means of observed CFCs at Zeppelin 2001-2011.
Upper left panel: CFC-11, upper right panel: CFC-12, lower
left panel: CFC-113, lower right panel: CFC-115
Future plans, needs and recommendations
Please read the National reports of each
country
the end
Future plans, needs and recommendations
Funding for monitoring secured only to the end of year 2015
Further developments of the EC-Earth model,
role of stratospheric changes on tropospheric climate,
large scale circulation modes, attribution studies
Maintaining and running stratospheric monitoring stations in the Arctic
and elsewhere is becoming an increasingly heavy burden on national funding sources
and possibilities for direct funding of ground-based monitoring activities
and data provision should be considered to be included
in major international programmes such as
the European Copernicus og ESA programmes
at stations within well established networks such as NDACC.
Needs and Recommendations
Ozone and UV monitoring has a fairly weak financial basis in Norway
Predictable multi-annual funding schedules should be established in order to free
operations from additional funding pathways, e.g. satellite validation projects and
short-time research projects.
National funding for ozone and UV monitoring in Denmark and
Greenland is secured until the end of 2015.
After this period the funding situation will be renegotiated. Research efforts will be
directed towards improved understanding of the role of stratospheric changes for
tropospheric climate including the dynamical coupling between the troposphere
and the stratosphere. It is intended to include a stratospheric representation in
new developments of the ECEarth model complex.
National funding for ozone and UV monitoring in Sweden is questioned every
second year. Other activities rely on research grants i.e. short-term.
Extra
• Observations
• Results
• Theory modelling and other results
• Dissemination
• Future
• Recommendations
Ozone trends
Ny-Ålesund (79ºN,12ºE)
Spring (Mar – May):
Trend (% /decade)
1979-1997
-11.4 (1.8)
Summer (Jun – Aug):
-1.0 (1.3)
2.3 (1.5)
Annual (Mar – Sep):
-6.4 (1.1)
0.6 (1.9)
Season
Trend (% /decade)
1998-2013
-0.1 (3.0)
Tromsø/Andøya (69ºN,16ºE)
Season
Spring (Mar – May):
Trend (% /decade) Trend (% /decade)
1979-1997
1998-2013
-8.4 (1.5)
0.5 (2.2)
Summer (Jun – Aug):
-2.8 (0.9)
-0.4 (1.3)
Annual (Mar – Sep):
-5.8 (1.0)
0.5 (1.4)
Oslo (60ºN,10ºE)
Season
Winter (Dec – Feb)
Trend (% /decade) Trend (% /decade)
1979-1997
1998-2013
-6.2 (2.4)
-0.5 (2.6)
Spring (Mar – May)
-8.4 (1.4)
0.0 (2.2)
Summer (Jun – Aug)
-3.4 (1.1)
-1.1 (1.2)
Fall (Sep – Nov)
-4.3 (1.0)
2.2 (1.4)
Annual (Jan – Dec):
-5.8 (1.0)
0.2 (1.3)
Atmospheric measurements cont.
• Harestua
Chalmers Univ of Techn. Solar FTIR atmospheric columns, and partial
columns of up to 25 atmospheric species can be retrieved with good
accuracy. This includes stratospheric ozone, reservoir species (HCl,
ClONO2, HF, HNO3) and climate gases (CH4, N2O) and species of
relevance to atmospheric chemistry (CO and ethane). The data are stored
at the NDACC data base.
• Kiruna
Since 1996 the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) operates a FTIR
(Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer.
The KIT owned millimeter wave radiometer MIRA2 is operated at RF since
November 2012, aiming for long-term observation of ozone and possibly
other trace gases.
There is also a DOAS-instrument from University of Heidelberg recording
primarily the total column density of NO2,.
Services & data dissemination to the public
• UV-index forecast
http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/uv-index
Finnish observations from 6 sites and global
UVI forecast.
• OMI very fast delivery
http://omivfd.fmi.fi/o3.html
The measurements are from OMI (Ozone
Monitoring Instrument) onboard the EOS-Aura
satellite and the images come available
around 15 min after the satellite overpass.
Satellite
• Satellites
• FMI has a strong participation in several satellite instruments that are targeted
for monitoring ozone in the atmosphere (GOMOS/Envisat, OSIRIS/Odin,
OMI/EOS-Aura, GOME-2/METOP-A, METOP-B).
• Chalmers tech univ is involved in Odin satellite
• Networks
• FMI coordinates the EUMETSAT O3SAF (satellite application facility for
atmospheric composition and UV radiation) http://o3msaf.fmi.fi/index.html
• FMI hosts the IGACO ozone secretariat, http://www.igaco-o3.fi
Activities associated with the 8th ORM
recommendations
 Continued focus on the existing ozone and UV monitoring activities;
ensure high quality data series. Report data to NDACC and WOUDC
 Studies of chemical and dynamical processes responsible for ozone
production and loss, e.g.:
• Studies of the low Arctic ozone of spring 2011 (Balis et al., 2011; Isaksen et
al., 2012) and the corresponding increase in UV (Bernhard et al., 2013).
• Impact of future aircraft emissions on atmospheric chemistry (Hodnebrog,
2012)
• Solar impact on the chemistry of the middle atmosphere through energetic
particle precipitation (Kvissel et al., 2012).
 Continued focus on ground-based observations of ODS, their
substitutes and greenhouse gases at Zeppelin (Svalbard).
 Studies on halocarbons and related compounds: Review of GWP
and Radiative Efficiencies (Hodnebrog et al., 2013)
 GB measurements of solar UV radiation in developed countries
with high UV levels, e.g. the Tibetan Plateau (Norsang et al., 2014)
National ozone and UV programme
• NILU responsible for the programme
”Monitoring of the atmospheric
ozone layer and natural ultraviolet
radiation”
• Funded by the Norwegian
Environment Agency
• Programme established in 1990. UV
included in the programme in 1995
• Annual report: status of the ozone
layer, trend results, ozone/climate
interaction, etc.