PARASITOLOGY
Prepared by : Reem Aldossari
General
characteristics
The Protozoa are the simplest and
most primitive animals.
 They live either singly or in
colonies. Some are parasitic.
They are usually defined as
"unicellular" animals.
Amoeba
• Habitat: freshwater ponds.
• Means of locomotion:
pseudopodia.
• Reproduction mechanism:
asexually by binary fission, and
under unfavourable conditions it
encysts.
•
Shape and characteristics:
quite irregular in shape; the body
changes its shape constantly with the
formation and withdrawal of the
pseudopodia.
Kingdom :Protista
Phylum:
Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum: Sarcodina
Genus : Amoeba
Species :Amoeba
nucleus
Contractile vacuole
Food vacuoles
Ectoplasm
pseudopodia
Endoplasm
Entamoeba histolytica
•Entamoeba
histolytica:
causes amoebic dysentery.
Life cycle :
•The trophozoite: feedingdividing form) It has one
pseudopodia).
•Cyst: have 4 nuclei
(infective stages(
•Infective stage: Cyst.
•Mode of infection:
contamination of food and
water with cyst.
•Characteristic features:
Cyst have 4 nuclei.
Trophozoite have RBCs in
Kingdom :Protista
Phylum:
Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum: Sarcodina
Genus: Endamoeba
Species: Endamoeba
histolytica
Entamoeba coli
•Endamoeba coli: does
not cause any known
disease
•Habitat: large intestine
of human .
•Characteristics:
mature cysts have 8
nuclei
Kingdom :Protista
Phylum:
Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum:
Sarcodina
Genus: Endamoeba
Species: Endamoeba
coli
Euglena
• Habitat: ponds and
stagnant water.
• Characteristics: Green
in colour (have
chloroplasts)
• Means of locomotion:
flagellum
• Reproduction:
asexually by longitudinal
binary fission and is able to
form a cyst.
Kingdom :Protista
Phylum :
Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum :
Mastigophora
Class :
Phytomastigophora
Genus : Euglena
Flagellum
Eyespot
Second
flagellum
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Means of locomotion: cilia
Paramecium
Habitat: freshwater ponds
where decaying organic matter is
abundant, feeding on it and on
bacteria and other microorganisms.
Reproduction: asexually by
transverse binary fission, and
sexually by conjugation .
Characteristics: the numerous
cilia covering the whole surface
of the body. They have two
contractile vacuoles and two
nuclei: a large oval macronucleus
(for vegetative functions), and a
Kingdom : Protista
Phylum: Ciliophora
Genus: Paramecium
Intermediate host: insect or
leechTrypanosoma
Habitat in intermediate host:
alimentary canal
Definite host: human.
Habitat in definite host: blood
of man
Causes the disease: sleeping
sickness.
Means of locomotion: flagellum.
Feeding habits: absorbing the
nutrient substances from the host.
Reproduction: reproduce
asexually by longitudinal binary
fission.
Major characteristics: long
Kingdom : Protista
Phylum:
Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum:
Mastigophora
Class: Zoomastigophora
Genus: Trypanosoma
Species: gambiense
Trypanosoma
gambiense
Plasmodium malariae
Trophozoite:
habitat: live intracellularly in the
blood corpuscles of its vertebrate
host.
Causes the disease: malaria fever
to man.
Vector: a mosquito belonging to the
genus Anopheles.
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Apicomplexa
Class: Sporozoa
Genus: plasmodium
Species: Plasmodium
malaria
Life cycle:
•Ring stage
•Trophozoite
•Merzoites stage
•Release of merozoites
Macrogametocyte
Release of merozoites
Formation of
Merozoites
Microgametocyte
Ring stage
Trophzoite
stage
2
3
1
(Amoeba) ‫األميبا‬
Nucleus
‫ نواة‬-1
Pseudopodia
‫ أرجل كاذبة‬-2
Food vacuole
‫ فجوة غذائية‬-3
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫حوصلة انتاميبا كوالي ‪Entamoeba coli‬‬
‫‪ -1‬جدار الحويصلة‬
‫‪Cyst Wall‬‬
‫‪ )8-4( -2‬أنوية‬
‫‪4-8 Nuclei‬‬
‫‪ -3‬سيتوبالزم‬
‫‪Cytoplasm‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫حوصلة انتاميبا هستوليتكا ‪Entamoeba histolytica‬‬
‫‪ -1‬جدار الحويصلة‬
‫‪Cyst Wall‬‬
‫‪ )4-1( -2‬أنوية‬
‫‪1-4 Nuclei‬‬
‫‪ -3‬سيتوبالزم‬
‫‪Cytoplasm‬‬
‫اعداد األستاذة‪ /‬أفراح الخريجي‬
1
3
2
(Euglena) ‫اليوجلينا‬
Flagellum
Contractile vacuole
Nucleus
‫ السوط‬-1
‫ فجوة متقبضة‬-2
‫ نواة‬-3
1
2
3
4
(Trypanosoma) ‫التريبانوسوما‬
Red blood cell
Flagellum
Undulating membrane
Nucleus
‫ كريات دم حمراء‬-1
‫ السوط‬-2
‫ غشاء متموج‬-3
‫ نواة‬-4
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫البالزموديوم ‪Plasmodium‬‬
‫‪ -1‬الطور الحلقي‬
‫‪ -2‬كريات دم حمراء‬
‫‪Ring Stage‬‬
‫‪Red blood cell‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫البالزموديوم ‪Plasmodium‬‬
‫‪ -1‬الطور األميبي‬
‫‪ -2‬كريات دم حمراء‬
‫‪Amoeboid stage‬‬
‫‪Red blood cell‬‬
1
2
Plasmodium ‫البالزموديوم‬
Schizonte(formation of merozoites)
) ‫ الشيزونت( تكوين الميروزيتات‬-1
Red blood cell
‫ كريات دم حمراء‬-2
1
2
Plasmodium ‫البالزموديوم‬
Release of merozoites
Red blood cell
‫ إنطالق الميروزيتات‬-1
‫ كريات دم حمراء‬-2
1
4
2
3
4
(Paramecium) ‫البراميسيوم‬
Cilia
macronucleus
micronucleus
Contractile vacuole
‫ أهداب‬-1
‫ نواة كبيرة‬-2
‫ نواة صغيرة‬-3
‫ فجوة متقبضة‬-4
Thank you for attention