Sport Curriculum
Mental Model &
Year Long Curriculum for Football
Andrew Burke
TTMM for FOOTBALL: ELITE
ATTACKING
DEFENDING
- MAINTAIN
POSSESSION
- REGAIN
POSSESSION
- CREATING A
GOAL SCORING
OPPORTUNITY
- STOPPING A
GOAL SCORING
OPPORTUNITY
COUNTER
ATTACKING PLAY
Maintaining Possession against an opposition:
Technical
ON THE BALL
- Dribbling
- Running with the ball
- Shielding/ Protecting the ball
- Passing
Long/ Short
Chipped
Driven
Looped
- Skill
Tricks
Deceipt
- Receiving the Ball
Adjust body
position
Approach the ball
- Ball Control
Parts of the body:
Chest, Quadricep, foot
Inside
Outside
Top
(laces)
Sole
OFF BALL
- Long/ Wide
- Scanning the pitch/ area
- Checking Off
- Unselfish/ purposeful runs:
-Take away Opponents/ defensive
support
- Positions Beyond, Between and Around
Opposition
- Sharp movement
- Blind side runs
- Stand still in space
- Move against flow of play
- Supporting player in possession: (support
play)
- Create angles and distances
- Timing of movements/ runs
- Creates Space and Time
- Releases pressure on the ball
- Able to receive the ball or allow another
player to receive the ball
Maintaining Possession against an opposition: Tactical
The ability to keep possession of the ball under varied amounts of pressure from the
opposition with the understanding and production of accurate movements and
technical skills to transfer through the pitch at the team’s desired intensity.
ON BALL
- Combination of types of passes to keep possession of the ball in the thirds of the pitch
- Dictate the pace of the match
- Patience with the ball to move forward towards opponents goal
- Control and protection of the ball in different intensities of opponent pressure
OFF BALL
- Continuous support in a position off the ball from team members either near, seeable, far and
within space
- creative and fast movement to create options in tight and wide areas:
Between and around defenders
In front and beyond defenders
- Change of pace to get away from defenders to receive the ball
- Timing of check offs and runs to receive the ball
- Provide Width, Depth and Angles
- Positioning
In relation to role
Blocking passes to
- Clearing
Blocking
Regaining
Possession
against
the
opposition:
Technical
teammates
Heading towards a
player
ON THE BALL
Long pass into striker/ corners of
pitch
- Tackling
Block tackle
Slide Tackle
Heading challenge for the
ball
- Using body weight
forceful
tackle
Body between ball and player (
Barge )
Attack the ball in the air ( control/
pass)
Pressurising
Denying space
Delaying play
Show opponent one way (
OFF THE BALL
allow teammates to anticipate where the
ball will travel)
Intercept the ball
- Marking
Track and follow players
movement
Requires great agility and
sharpness
Is the opponent a danger in effecting
play
- Supporting
deny
Positions combine to
Force into negative
area
From front, side and behind
ball
By Applying pressure ( front/
Shut down player - track ball and player Force a mistake - Force away from goal - behind)
Steal the ball
Tracking
Opposite numbered
Regaining Possession against the opposition: Tactical
The awareness and capability to identify the right time to reduce the opponents space and
apply pressure on the ball in the attempt to intercept, challenge (tackle) or force a mistake
upon the opponent
ON BALL:
- Speed and agility to reach the ball first or tackle upon the
attacker quickly
- Technical execution consistent and efficient
- Adjust body to movement of the ball and react quickly e.g
touch by attacker or spin of the ball
OFF BALL:
- Working together in pairs and packs relative to their
positions to produce high pressure at appropriate situation
e.g LB and LM
- high intensified movements
- Shutting down opponents space on the ball to cause a
mistake and give away the ball
- As a team keeping narrow and compacting the play to
reduce time and space for the opposition
- Anticipate when to perform ‘on ball’ technical and tactical
capabilities e.g Indicator - loss of balance on the ball
Creating a goal scoring opportunity against the opposition: Technical
ON THE BALL
- Dribbling
to create a yard for an
action
beat a defender
into space
- Running with the ball into attacking
areas of the pitch ( wide and exploiting
space )
- Passing
Crossing within areas of
box, aiming towards a player, varied pace
and swerve
Through ball
lay off, to set up a shot
Individual Skill on the ball
Tricks
Faints
Disguise
Dropping the shoulder,
All equaling to beat a defender or gain a
yard to create a goal scoring opportunity
OFF
BALL
- Using
width and depth
- Scanning pitch
- Tracking flight/path of the ball
- Checking Off opponents
- Unselfish/ purposeful runs:
-Take away Opponents/ defensive
support
- Positions Beyond, Between and Around
Opposition
- Sharp and fast movement
- Blind side runs/ movement
- Stand still
- Move against flow of play
- Supporting player in possession: (support
play)
- Create angles and distances
- Timing of movements/ runs
- Creates Space and Time
- Releases pressure on the ball
- Able to receive the ball or allow another
player to receive the ball to score
Creating a goal scoring opportunity against the opposition: Tactical
A shooting opportunity in the final third. The players showing high intense movements and
ball manipulation using sharp passing or attacking dribbling to cause an opening for the
chance of a shot against an opposing defensive shape. Penetrative passing and
movement is used throughout the thirds to create an opening.
ON BALL
- Be expressive and creative within technical demands of attack
- sharp speed and precision within short and long passing, dribbling and running with the
ball
- penetrating space and gaps in the defence
- consistency and accuracy in the last third within technical execution and timing
OFF BALL
- Supporting the player on the ball by exploiting space with runs off the defender:
Intensity and sharpness of movement
Timing of the runs
- Understanding the best area of space to exploit in relation to the position of the ball on
a consistent basis
- Pressurising
Support fromopposition
Limit/ Stopping a goal scoring opportunity
against the attacking
teammate
- Clearing
Blocking
Position Related (e.g
ON THE BALL
OFF BALL
Heading ( control/ pass) LB/LM)
Long pass into striker/ corners of
Front
pitch
Behind
- Tackling
Block tackle
Side
Slide Tackle
- Recovery Runs
Pace
Heading challenge
Into defensive
- Pressurising
Deny opponents
space
space
Tracking
Delay attacker/ players forward
opponent
play
Front
- Covering
Read the flow of
Behind
ball/play
Sharp reaction to
danger
Shut down player - Jockey/ track ball
Beaten fellow player
and player - use tackle/ block - clearing
- Marking
Relation to position
Relation to threat in
situation
- Limit Space and Time to play/ shoot
- Increase pressure on opponent with the
ball
Limit/ Stopping a goal scoring opportunity against the attacking opposition
Anticipating and reacting to the danger on the team’s goal by using fast and agile
movements to reach the player on or approaching the ball; and instinctively use the
appropriate technical execution to cancel out a goal threatening situation or opponents
goal scoring efforts
ON THE BALL
- Apply instant pressure in a strong forceful manner to attempt to protect the goal or
dangerous area of the pitch
- Consistent execution of technical defensive skills in various goal threatening situations
- Use speed and power to reach the ball or player in possession
OFF THE BALL
- Ability to track the ball and appropriate player(s) who provide a threat to their goal
- Able to position themselves to react, reach or effect the ball in the aim of protecting the
goal
- Capable to identify a goal threatening opportunities for the opposition
Counter Attacking Play: Technical
Dribbling
ON THE BALL
PACE
CONTROL
DRIVE
POWER
FEINTS/TRICKS
Running with the ball
DEFENDER
PIN
SPEED
EXPLOIT
SPACE
Passing
loft
short, long, chip, driven,
PACE
ACCURACY
PRECISION
EXPLOIT SPACE (beyond, wide,
infront)
OFF THE BALL
Running
EXPLOSIVE PACE
DRIVE IN TO SPACE
TIMING OF RUN
REMOVING OPPONENTS FROM PLAY
Positioning
SPACE TO RECEIVE
AVOID DEFENDERS
BLINDSIDE/PULL OFF
ABLE TO SCORE
READY FOR REBOUND
Counter Attacking Play: Tactical
Identifying the opportunity to intercept the ball and break away from the play at pace and power with
supporting players; who become available in different parts of the middle and final third to provide an option
quicklyON
to create
BALLa goal.
- Accurate and penetrative passes through the opponents defence with
accuracy and pace
- Running with the ball and dribbling at pace towards defenders, to be able
to:
Pin the opponent as they approach the player in possession
Capable to make the correct choice the right pass at the right time or beat
the defender ( offloading the ball )
- Passing the ball quickly with short and long distances between and
beyond defenders
OFF BALL
- Exploiting space with movements in the quickest way possible
- Technical movement patterns used such as blind side runs, pulling off
defender, overlaps and drawing defenders out to create a crucial amount of
space to receive the ball
-High speed and agility to keep up with counter attack play to reach an
advancing position to receive the ball or be an option
- Creative movement and runs
Summary: Recurring Attacking Attributes
PHYSICAL
- Speed
- Agility
- Power
- Strength
MENTAL
- Creativity
- Identify attacking or
penetrating opportunities
- WHEN & WHERE
TECHNICAL
- Consistent, accurate and
pace of:
- Range of passing
- Dribbling
- Running with the ball
- Ball control
- Protection
- Disguise/ Feints
- Movement patterns
TACTICAL
- Dictate/control play
- Consistent application of
specific movements/ runs
off the ball
- HOW to beat the
defensive opponents
Summary: Recurring Defending Attributes
PHYSICAL
- Speed
- Agility
- Power
- Strength
MENTAL
- Awareness
- Identify threat on goal and
opportunity to retrieve the ball
- Anticipation
- WHEN & WHERE
TECHNICAL
- Consistent, accurate
execution of:
- Tackling
- Clearing
- Pressurising (front/ behind)
- Body position
- Blocking
- Intercepting
TACTICAL
- Force and cause attacking
failure
- Consistent anticipation of
attacking indicators
- HOW to deny attacking
opportunities
Age/ Stage Curriculum: Context
Under 13s - Age ( 12/13 )
Grassroots - Garforth Junior League
Mixed Gender and Abilities
Goals ( FA and Your own feedback )
1 session a week ( 1hr 30mins )
1 match a week
START - Sep. 14th to May. 27th
AGE/STAGE CURRICULUM:
The FA LTPD Model ( Adapt from LTAD Balyi )
STAGE 2, 3 & 4
2. Learning to Train
8 - 11
3. Developing
Practice ( Training to
Train )
11 - 14
4. Training For
Competition ( Training
to Compete 1
14 - 16
The learning and practice of basic sport skills transferring from
fundamental skills in a predominantly training environment, with
heavy focus of physical movement skills such as ABC/ multi skills
to
support
the learning
attainment
football
skills.
The
FA emphasises
theand
importance
of this
stage
of development;
particular focus on the ratio and use of training and competition:
60% Train 40% Compete. Containing too much attention upon
training will not allow competitive skills to be developed where
too much competition will not allow an environment to develop
fundamental and sports skills. Within this stage practising/
refining technique and in turn applying these skills into
competitive matches from a training environment to deal with
tactical components is the aim of development of this age
The
progression within this stage is focusing within training
category.
conditions a competitive structured environment or activity
conditions; preparing for competition in realistic and game
related sessions where practising application of technical and
tactical abilities combine, linked and understood towards the end
of the stage. Fitness, health and diet become a factor of aiding
player performance.
NESTED PLANNING (Abraham and Collins, 2004 ): Context
M
AC
R
O
- Grassroots
- Participation,
learning and
improving
performance
M
E
SO
- Training with
teammates and
coaching linked
themes
- Match against
teams in the
league
M
I
C
R
O
- Training with
teammates
through topics
with Objectives
that link to the
sport with
coaching and
activities
Under 12s
11-12
Under 13s
12 - 13
Under 14s
13 - 14
Weeks
1-5
6
6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30
7
8
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
CREATNG GOAL
POSSESSION POSSESSION OPPORTUNITY
9
10
STOPPING
COUNTER
GOAL
ATTACK
OPPORTUNITY
Spiral Curriculum
26 - 30
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
CREATNG GOAL
POSSESSION POSSESSION OPPORTUNITY
STOPPING
COUNTER
GOAL
ATTACK
OPPORTUNITY
21 - 25
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
CREATNG GOAL
POSSESSION POSSESSION OPPORTUNITY
STOPPING
COUNTER
GOAL
ATTACK
OPPORTUNITY
Review upon progress and goals
16 - 20
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
CREATNG GOAL
POSSESSION POSSESSION OPPORTUNITY
STOPPING
COUNTER
GOAL
ATTACK
OPPORTUNITY
11 - 15
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
CREATNG GOAL
POSSESSION POSSESSION OPPORTUNITY
STOPPING
COUNTER
GOAL
ATTACK
OPPORTUNITY
Review upon progress and goals
6 - 10
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
CREATNG GOAL
POSSESSION POSSESSION OPPORTUNITY
STOPPING
COUNTER
GOAL
ATTACK
OPPORTUNITY
1-5
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
CREATNG GOAL
POSSESSION POSSESSION OPPORTUNITY
STOPPING
COUNTER
GOAL
ATTACK
OPPORTUNITY
AGE/ STAGE CURRICULUM
:
CREATING
GO
Extension of Spiral across
all age/stages
16
Training For
Competition ( Training
to Compete 1 )
15
14 - 16
14 Developing
13
Practice (
12Training to Train )
11 11 - 14
10Enjoying Practice
( Learning to Train )
9
8 - 11
8
TECHNICAL - TACTICAL
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
POSSESSION POSSESSION
STOPPING COUNTER
GO
ATTACK
DEFENDING
CA
TECHNICAL - TACTICAL
CREATING
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
O GOAL
POSSESSION POSSESSION OPPORTUNITY
STOPPING GOAL COUNTER
OPPORTUNITY
ATTACK
TECHNICAL
TACTICAL
CREATING
STOPPING
MAINTAIN
RETAIN
POSSESSION POSSESSION
ATTACK
GOAL
GOAL
OPPORTUNITY OPPORTUNITY
DEFENCE
TECHNICAL - TACTICAL
- Greater the boldness of the word ( technical / tactical ) the greater emphasis and predominance within curriculum
- As the age increases so does the number of areas of the sport to learn, apply and revisit
Technical and Tactical: Age appropriate
In terms of balance and cooperation between the two areas during the year
long curriculum for under 13s; evidence, research and stage definition
provides guidance and effects opinion to create the annual plan:
- At the age of 12 children find it difficult to use tactical information and apply
within a competitive environment ( North et al, 2012). An introduction and
practice technique and tactical alignment in 12/ 13 ages.
- Deliberate play factors of a play approach to learning the sport (Bridge and
Toms, 2012) but with understanding of rules of the game.
- Deliberate practice is particularly used to improve performance; (Pachman,
Sweller and Kalyuga, 2013) however less enjoyable environment (Law et al
2007) due to a far structured content of activities.
Technical and Tactical: Age appropriate
- DMSP Model can aid the content
of the Curriculum and context
(Cote, Baker and Abernethy, 2007)
- Relate to late specialised sports (
football )
- Deliberate practice and play
balance from the age of 12 to 14/15
- Several soccer related studies suggest:
- A gradual increase of deliberate practice content
- Informed to create a balance/ combination for 12/13 year old participation based
players.
( Ward, et al, 2007) (Ford et al, 2012)
YEAR LONG CURRICULUM:
TTMM Context - Learning Outcomes
PROCESS GOALS
1)To be able to understand and demonstrate technical execution ( On/ Off
Ball) within a training environment:
- short, long, chip pass - running with the ball - Dribble - Ball control ( foot
quad, chest) - Block - Tackle - Movement ( angles, width, depth)
PERFORMANCE GOALS
2 a) To attempt the practice and application of technical understanding withi
tactical situations in a game realistic environment:
- Training game
- Competition ( League/ Cup/ Friendly)
2 b) To Increase technical aspect areas (1 above) of performance as a grou
of Individuals by 5% in terms of application to defence, midfield and attack
positions during competition
YEAR LONG CURRICULUM: Breakdown of content
1.
2.
MAINTAIN POSSESSION
- To understand and practice
keeping possession using passing
direct to a player and movement off
the ball to receive the ball
REGAIN POSSESSION
CREATING GOAL OPP.
To understand and practice range
- To learn and practice on ball technical - and
speed of passing to feet and
aspects of behind pressure opponent,
with off the ball movement to mark
opponents
Range of techniques
Angles/ Agility and speed
Paired and small group activities
Technical breakdown
Marking a player
Speed and Agility
STOPPING GOAL OPP.
4.
3.
To understand and practice tackling technical
aspects ( Blocking the ball ), with off the ball
movement marking opponents
Technique
Marking attacking players
paired and small group practices
quick movements to receive the ball
in creating a goal scoring
opportunity
Passing Techniques
Angles/ Speed
Paired and Small Group Activities
COUNTER ATTACK
To Introduce, learn and practice key elements
of passing and movement within a counter
attack:
Type of passes
Movements to receive
Dribbling ( pace )
Against passive obstacles
5.
6.
7.
MAINTAIN POSSESSION
8.
REGAIN POSSESSION
CREATING GOAL OPP.
- To understand and practice
keeping possession by the use of - To learn and practice on the ball in
passing to into space for
front pressure with an opponent on the To understand and practice range
teammate. Practice positioning to ball, with off the ball tracking of players and speed of passing into space/
run on to a pass.
the quick movements to reach the
Technical Breakdown
ball in an area to score a goal
Range of techniques
Speed and Agility
Angles/ Speed
Player to track
Paired and Small Group activities
STOPPING GOAL OPP.
9.
COUNTER ATTACK
To understand and practice blocking away To understand and practice short and long
from the goal, with off the ball movement
passes and sharp movements against
tracking opponents
passive defenders:
Technique execution
Speed and reaction
Player to track
Technique execution
Appropriate movements
Small Groups of 4
10.
11.
12.
13.
MAINTAIN POSSESSION
REGAIN POSSESSION
CREATING GOAL OPP.
- To understand and practice
- To learn and understand on ball
Practice Individual skill
Ball Control and Protection
three player groups
2v1
3v1
Marking
Side pressure
To understand and practice the
execution of dribbling to create
dribbling techniques to enter space; technical aspects of behind pressure on
space individually and the use of
and using movement off the ball to opponent, with off the ball movement to
support by team players to produce
support players
support defender
a goal scoring opportunity
STOPPING GOAL OPP.
14.
Ball Control
Creativity
Width (Side) and Depth (infront/
behind)
COUNTER ATTACK
To understand and practice pressurising
To understand and practice the use of
to force player and ball away from the
dribbling in counter attacks; and support
goal, with off the ball movement
the player on the ball
supporting defender occupying the ball
Speed / Agility
Deny Space
3v1
4v2
3 v 1 ( passive )
4 v 2 ( passive )
Technique and pace
Width and angles
15.
17.
18.
MAINTAIN POSSESSION
REGAIN POSSESSION
CREATING GOAL OPP.
- To introduce and practice
To learn and understand, on the ball in
front pressure with an opponent on the
ball, with off the ball movement to
support defender
To understand and practice the
execution of dribbling to reach
desired space to create a goal
scoring opportunity
2v1
4v2
Tracking
Side support
Ball Control
Creativity
Width (Side) and Depth (infront/
behind)
16.
‘When’ and ‘Where’ to pass
when under control of the ball
(dribbling)/ support the player on
the ball using width and depth
Transfer through thirds
Width and Depth
Challenge mental capabilities
19.
STOPPING GOAL OPP.
COUNTER ATTACK
To understand and practice pressurising
to create a challenge ( block/ tackle),
with off the ball movement supporting
defender occupying the ball
To introduce practice and use ‘When
and Where’ with control of the ball
( dribbling)/ support the player using
width and depth
Tracking
Occupying space (support)
3v1
4v2
3 v 1 ( live )
4 v 2 ( live )
Width (Side) Angles ( Between )
Depth ( Beyond )
20.
21.
22.
23.
REGAIN POSSESSION
CREATING GOAL OPP.
To understand and practice applying on
the ball behind pressure on opponent
and the marking of players in different
positions and roles:
To relate and practice applying
technical skills and movement
patterns to roles and positions:
MAINTAIN POSSESSION
- To understand, relate and apply
passing and movement off the ball
to roles and responsibilties of
positions:
Defence, midfield and attack
Width, Depth and angles in
positions
Passing, control and dribbling
techniques
Constraints games
4 v 2 to 6 v 3 situations
Team game - 7 v 7
STOPPING GOAL OPP.
24.
To relate and practice applying technical
skills and movement patterns to roles and
positions:
4v2
5v3
Defence / Midfield
Defence, Midfield and Attack
Width/ Depth
7v7
Goals available
COUNTER ATTACK
To relate and practice applying roles and
position to counter attacking against
defenders
Reach two targets
Defence role
Midfield role
Attack role:
within activities
25.
26.
27.
MAINTAIN POSSESSION
- To practice and apply the types
of passing and movement
techniques to reach a desired
target ( area of the pitch )
Formations
Change of positions
Goals/ Challenges
REGAIN POSSESSION
CREATING GOAL OPP.
To understand and practice applying
To understand, practice and apply
on the ball in front pressure on
to roles and responsibilities of
opponent and the tracking of players in
positions within constraints based
different positions and roles
games and match environment
Constraints games
4 v 2 to 6 v 3 situations
Team game - 7 v 7
STOPPING GOAL OPP.
29.
28.
To understand, practice and apply to
roles and responsibilities of positions
within constraints based games and
match environment
7 v 7 - constraints based
progressions
defence / midfield challenges
Goals available
Progressions/ challenges
COUNTER ATTACK
To relate and practice applying roles
and position to counter attacking against
defenders in a constraints based
environment and match
3 v 1 ( live )
4 v 2 ( live )
7v7
Different goals and progressions
30.
Maintaining Possession: Example
Transferring through weeks
On Ball
1.
Range of passes TO a
player/ Teammate
Off Ball
Movement off the ball to
receive:
ANGLES
2.
Range of passes INTO
SPACE for a player/
teammate
Movement off the ball to
receive:
ANGLES
(start)POSITION
Maintaining Possession:
ExampleTransferring through weeks
On Ball
Off Ball
Dribbling INTO SPACE
SUPPORT for the player/
ball:
ANGLES
SIDE/ IN FRONT
OPTIONS
Dribbling:
‘WHEN’ & ‘WHERE’ to
pass
SUPPORT for the player/
ball:
WIDTH - SIDE
DEPTH - IN FRONT/
BEHIND
3.
4.
Maintaining Possession:
ExampleTransferring through weeks
On Ball
5.
Off Ball
Apply and perform
passing and dribbling
relating to positions:
DEFENCE
MIDFIELD
ATTACK
Apply and perform
supporting movements (
A/W/D) relating to
positions:
DEFENCE
MIDFIELD
ATTACK
Apply and perform to
reach a desired target (
Game Related )
Apply and perform to
reach a desired target (
Game Related )
6.
Goals/ Progressions
- Keep the ball for 1)
30sec 2) 1 min
5v5desired
target
Gate / small goal
Ball reach
Ball reach this area
of the pitch
Goals/ Progressions
- Keep the ball for 1)
30sec 2) 1 min
7v7desired
target
Gate / small goal
Ball reach
Ball reach this area
of the pitch
Formation 44-2
How constrained and small
sided games with topic purpose
links to positions and game
situations where participants
eventually reach the age to
compete at 11 v 11; but also
use such activities in their own
aged category of format e.g 5 v
5 and no GK ( 2D, 2M, 1A ) to a
7 v 7 competitive format ( 1 GK,
2D, 3M, 1A )
References
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Journal of Sports Sciences. 31 (1), 87.
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Holmstrom, S. Samela, J. and Williams, M. (2012) The developmental activities of elite soccer players
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football across age categories 5 -11, 12 - 16 & 17 - 21 years.
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