ECOSYSTEMS
Výukový materiál EK 01 - 05
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
2014
ECOSYSTEMS
elementary structural and functional unit
of the biosphere including:
 living component - biocoenosis
 non living component – abiotic
environment
 there are natural relationships for the
balance of the whole ecosystem
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ECOSYSTEMS
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terrestrial (land) ecosystems = geobiocoenosis:
borders are determined according to the most
striking component - vegetation
all ecosystems:
characterized as open systems:
energy flow
substance circulation
development
ECOSYSTEMS
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ecosystems are dependant on inputs:
solar energy
CO2
water
mineral substances
ecosystems are dependant on outputs:
breathing
radiation
soil elution
flowing-off the surface water
wind erosion
ECOSYSTEMS
natural ecosystems:
 oak-hornbeam forest
 peatbog
 lake
 river branch
 forest pool
 even a tree stump
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ECOSYSTEMS
artificial ecosystems:
 created by the human activity
 they are kept just thanks to so called
additional energy > fertilizers, sprays,
cultivations, weeding
 field
 orchard
 aquarium
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ECOSYSTEMS
in the ecosystem exist reciprocal
relationships
 most important are nutritional
relationships = trophic
 classification of organisms according to
trophic relations:
 producers
 consumers
 destroyers
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ECOSYSTEMS
producers:
 autotrophic organisms > photosynthesis
 green plants
 bacteria
 plants in their biomass bind 1% of all
substances
 produced organic mass = primary
production of the ecosystem
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ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEMS
consumers:
 heterotrophic organisms > they
consume organic substances created
by producers
 herbivora
 carnivora
 detritophags
 parasites of plants, animals and
humans
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ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEMS
destroyers = decomposers
 organisms performing gradual
decomposition of the necrotic organic
mass into inorganic compounds - CO2 ,
H2O and mineral substances
 substances are used again by producers
 transmission of substances and energy
proceeds in food chains
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ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEMS
decomposition:
 key process in the nutrient cycle
 among the most important
groups of decomposers belong
fungi and bacteria
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WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET
SOURCES
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KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4.,
přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-716-8947-5.