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Introduction.
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Islamic World view
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Religion of the world.
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Definition of Management and Islamic
Management.
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The concept and process of management.
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Four functions of management.
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Tauhid and it’s function in management.

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Understanding about Islam
Islam is a system of belief that encompasses not only man's relationship with God, but
Islam also provides all mankind (not only
Muslims) with codes that regulates their entire way of life.
The Qur'an sets out its notions of equity, justice, fairness, morality and many other values which underpin the entire Islamic system.
“Those who embrace Islam will be saved”

`AQIDAH
(Faith and Believes)
SHARI`AH
(Rules and Regulation
Safeguarding
Practices and activities)
AKHLAQ
(Personalities,
Behaviors, Moralaties, and Ethics)
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-It is a strong beliefs in the heart of a person to Allah
The Almighty and to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Governs the principle of faith and belief
Faith in God
Faith in The Rasul (Prophets / Messengers)
Faith in the Angels
Faith in the Scriptures
Faith in the Day of Judgement
Faith in the Destiny
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-“Way to water” – the source of all life and the way to Allah
-to march out a clear path and to direct human to the right path – to conduct life in order to realize the Devine Will
-governs all form of actions – behavior, spiritual, mental and physical aspects
-comprising ibadah (law pertaining to devotional matters) and
muamalah (law pertaining to activity in political, economic and social spheres.)
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From the perspective of Islam, a 'worldview' is not merely the mind's view of the physical world and of man's historical, social, political, and cultural involvement in it.
The worldview of Islam is not based upon philosophical speculation formulated mainly from observation of the data sensible experience, of what is visible to the eye; nor it is restricted to the world of sensible experience, the world of created things.
Islam does not concede to the dichotomy of the sacred and the profane; the worldview of Islam encompasses both al-dunya and al-akhirah, in which the dunya-aspect must be related in profound and inseparable way to the akhirah-aspect, in which the akhirah-aspect has the ultimate and final significance.
The dunya-aspect is seen as preparation for the akhirah-aspect without thereby implying any attitude of neglect or being unmindful of the dunya-aspect. What is meant by 'worldview' according to the perspective of Islam, is then the vision of reality and truth that appears before the mind's eye revealing what existence is all about; for it is the world of experience in its totality that Islam is projecting.
(Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam
[Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 1995])

1. Christianity - 2.1 billion
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Stemming from Judaism, Christianity is the largest religion in the world with 31.5% of the world’s population in practice. Christianity is characterized by its follower’s practice of monotheism and follow practices preached by
Jesus of Nazareth, a Jew who claimed to be both fully man and fully God. Born in Bethlehem around 7 A.D., Jesus didn’t become public in his teaching until his 30th year and spent 3 years performing miracles and teachings until roughly
30 A.D. when he was brutally crucified for being a threat to the Roman Empire.

2. Islam – 1.5 billion
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Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in the world and follows the practices of Muhammad, a member of the Quraysh tribe born 570 A.D. At 25 he led a meditative life in the desert and received a vision from the angel Gabriel telling him to be a prophet. His wife Khadija encouraged him in this pursuit and he devoted his life to societal and religious reform. He was shunned from Mecca and fled after only gaining a few followers. Fleeing to
Medina, Muhammad’s teachings were well received and marks the beginning of the Muslim era. In 630
A.D., he marched on Mecca and conquered it before passing away two years later.

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3. Hinduism - 900 million
Hinduism is considered the oldest religion in the world with a legacy leading to prehistoric times. It is also the most diverse religion with followers from all races and walks of life, perhaps because there is no single doctrine, no founder or script binding believers together. Hinduism incorporates a number of influences in its beliefs and allows for complete freedom in doctrine. Instead, Hinduism’s history is written by a number of key figures, teachers and philosophers teaching practices and writings known as the Veda. As far as belief goes, Muslims draw upon a couple common values known as dharma.
The term ‘Hindu’ was derived from the Sindhu River and doesn’t go back further than the 15th century.
Followers began to call themselves Hindu in order to differentiate themselves from other religious followers, namely Muslims.

4. Buddhism -376 million
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Buddhism follows the teachings of Saddhartha, the son of a warrior prince born into an extremely wealthy background. The suffering of humanity led Saddhartha to leave his pampered life at 29 and travel in search of enlightenment and solutions to human suffering. While meditating beneath the bodi tree (tree of perfect knowledge) he received the enlightenment he sought and devoted the rest of his life teaching his followers of his new understandings. Buddhists focus on personal spiritual development and don’t worship gods or deities.
5. Sikhism - 23 million
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Sikhism emerged from India circa the 15th century under the guidance of guru Nanak. The religion combines beliefs from Hinduism and Islam characterizing the belief that God comprises one reality alone while drawing upon meditative emphasis. At 29, Nanak declared, “there is no Hindu; there is no Muslim.” He rejected polytheism for monotheism and believes life is a circle of birth, death and rebirth only released by moksha into eventual unity with
God. Sinkhism focuses on the importance of doing good rather than on religious rituals.

6. Juche -19 million
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Juche is the religion of North Korea and also known mockingly as “Kimilsungism.” It’s a religion founded on state dominance, veneration of leadership, political and economic independence, and communal production. The ideologies were first inducted by Karl Marx under the religion now known as Marxism.
7. Judaism - 14 million
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Judaism is the oldest of all monotheistic religions and blazed the trail for many other world religions including
Christianity and Islam. Judaism follows the teachings of
God, Yahweh, and focuses on Jews as the chosen people of God descending from the line of Abraham. Jews are called to be an example for others in holiness and ethical behavior. Moses founded the religion after leading his people from Egyptian slavery and receiving the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai. The
Jewish religious text is known as the Torah and recounts the stories and teachings of it’s founders.

8. Bahaism - 7 million
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In sense of most world religions, Bahaism is strikingly new, only coming into existence in 1863 out of Persia. It focuses on the unification of all mankind drawing upon teachings from Islam and Christianity. Mirza Hoseyn ‘Ali
Nuri, known as Baha ‘Ullah, founded Bahaism on the belief that his forerunner Bab and himself are manifestations of God. Bahais believe all founders of major religions were manifested upon the earth as agents of God implemented to teach the world spiritual lessons.
Baha Ullah’s personal mission is to then unite and mankind despite religion, race or class, and focused most of his teachings on social ethics.

9. Jainism – 4.2 million
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Jainism rose alongside Buddhism in India and provides an alternate religion to Hinduism’s strict religious rituals. It teaches the escape from the process of rebirth and karma by reaching nirvana via leading a life of abstinence from the world’s earthly pleasures. Janism focuses on the wellbeing of the universe by living lives of harmlessness and renunciation from life’s evils. All living things, humans, animals and plants alike, contain souls with no soul being greater than any other. It’s followers believe there is no god but rather generate their morals based on selfhelp.
10. Shintoism - 4 million
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Shintoism is a religion indigenous to Japan circa 1000 B.C. and focuses worship on the kami, a host of supernatural beings dwelling in natural elements. There is no formal dogma, writ or founder, which has allowed for influence from other religions, such as Confucianism and Buddhism. Due to Shintoism’s compatibility with Buddhism, many of it’s followers practice both. Shintoism is devoted to life in the world and celebrates man’s essential goodness. The religion is focused on ritual rather than belief and is considered more of an essential Japanese way of life rather than a religion for its followers, contributing to its lack of practice outside Japan.

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What is Management? Definitions
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According to Harold Koontz,
"Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups.“
Harold Koontz gave this definition of management in his book "The Management Theory Jungle".
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According to Henri Fayol,
"To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.“
Henri Fayol gave this definition of management in his book
"Industrial and General Administration".

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According to Peter Drucker,
"Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages business and manages managers and manages workers and work."This definition of management was given by Peter
Drucker in his book "The Principles of Management
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According to Mary Parker Follet,
"Management is the art of getting things done through people.“
Means that the managers do not do the work themselves.
They get the work done through the workers. The workers should not be treated like slaves. They should not be tricked, threatened or forced to do the work. A favorable work environment should be created and maintained.

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Definitions
" Integrated activities of thinking, planning, organizing, leading and controlling, interconnected with decisions, involving the use of resources - human, financial, time, information, and physical, with the objectives of attaining the goals of
Maqasid al-Shariah, by means of effective and efficient methods “
SHAYA’A OTHMAN

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Every organization, regardless of size, has developed and implemented its own management concepts in order for it to run smoothly and accomplish the vision, goals and objectives it has set forth.
As such, the basic functions of management, broken down into four different areas, allow for it to handle the strategic, tactical and operational decisions for the organization.
The four functions of management are: planning, organizing, directing / leading and controlling.

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Planning is the core area of all the functions of management. It is the foundation upon which the other three areas should be build.
Planning requires management to evaluate where the company is currently, and where it would like to be in the future. From there an appropriate course of action to attain the company's goals and objectives is determined and implemented.
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The planning process is ongoing. There are uncontrollable, external factors that constantly affect a company both positively and negatively. Depending on the circumstances, these external factors may cause a company to adjust its course of action in accomplishing certain goals. This is referred to as strategic planning.
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During strategic planning, management analyzes internal and external factors that do and may affect the company, as well as the objectives and goals. From there they determine the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In order for management to do this effectively, it has to be realistic and comprehensive.

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Getting organized is the second function of management.
Management must organize all its resources in order to implement the course of action it determined in the planning process. Through the process of getting organized, management will determine the internal organizational structure; establish and maintain relationships, as well as allocate necessary resources.
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In determining the internal structure, management must look at the different divisions or departments, the coordination of staff, and what is the best way to handle the necessary tasks and disbursement of information within the company.
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Management will then divide up the work that needs to be done, determine appropriate departments, and delegate authority and responsibilities.

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Directors coordinate all phases of the business so that each supports the other. The use of physical and financial assets and personnel activities must be integrated to accomplish predetermined goals and objectives.
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Specific examples include overseeing facility use, arranging timely financing, preparing the manager’s job description, and purchasing and selling assets to meet members’ needs.

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Through directing, management is able to influence and oversee the behavior of the staff in achieving the company's goals, as well as assisting them in accomplishing their own personal or career goals. This influence can be gained through motivation, communication, department dynamics, and department leadership.
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Employees that are highly motivated generally go above and beyond in their job performance, thereby playing a vital role in the company achieving its goals. For this reason, managers tend to put a lot of focus on motivating their employees. They come up with reward and incentive programs based on job performance and geared toward the employees' needs.
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Effective communication is vital in maintaining a productive working environment, building positive interpersonal relationships, and problem solving. Understanding the communication process and working on areas that need improvement help managers to become more effective communicators. The best way to find areas that need improvement is to periodically ask themselves and others how well they are doing.

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The planning and organizing functions must be accomplished for the directing activity to be effective. Effective directing requires setting well-defined, clearly understood, and consistently administered policies.
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Directors engage in contract negotiations, approve membership applications, and make recommendations on day-to-day operations.
Directors focus on approving short- and medium-term plans of the manager, reviewing reports, and making decisions about long-term plans.

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The control process, as with the other three, is ongoing. Through controlling, management is able to identify any potential problems and take the necessary preventative measures. Management is also able to identify any developing problems that need to be addressed through corrective action.
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In order for management to be considered successful, it must attain the goals and objectives of the organization. This requires creative problem solving in each of the four functions of management. More so, success requires that management be both effective and efficient. Therefore, it needs to not only accomplish those goals and objectives, but do it in a way that the cost of accomplishment is viable for the company.

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Directors exercise control of the cooperative by keeping themselves informed of the progress of the business, assuring acceptable performance in all phases of the business. They interpret trends and results and know when to initiate corrective action.
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Directors are responsible for preventing unauthorized actions and keeping members informed of the cooperative’s progress.
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Accepting and approving management reports, reviewing financial statements, and reviewing physical facilities are specific examples of director control.

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It refers to the submission to the oneness of God.
Allah as the ultimate owner of all resources in the whole world
It leads to the way of life in conformity to the will of Allah
Observe the relationship between:
Man and his Creator
- 5 pillars of Islam and 6 pillars of iman ii. Man and his fellow man
- There should be no exploitation towards poor and needy through concentration of wealth.
- Everybody should care and help each other.

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Man and his surroundings or environment
Man as a trustee of Allah on earth should respect and do well to the nature as other creatures of Allah.

1. Rububiyyah
-Allah as the creator of the universe has the ultimate rights to determine the rules and code of conduct to be followed by man and other creatures.
-All activities in an organization must follow according to the will of Allah
“ Allah is the Creator of everything and He has charge over everything” (Surah Al-Zumar, verse 62)
“Is not He who created the heavens and the earth able to create the like of them? Yea! And He is Creator (of all), the Knower” (Surah
Yassin, verse 81)
“And when Ibrahim said: My Lord! Show me how Thou givest life to the dead, He said: What! And do you not believe? He said: Yes, but that my heart may be at ease. He said: Then take four of the birds, then train them to follow you, then place on every mountain a part of them, then call them, they will come to you flying; and know that Allah is Mighty, Wise” (Surah al-Baqarah, verse 260)

Man as a creature should trust and submit solely to the willpower of Allah above everything
“And I (Nabi Ibrahim) will withdraw from you and what you call on besides Allah, and I will call upon my Lord; maybe I shall not remain unblessed in calling upon my
Lord” (Surah Mariam, verse 48)
“So when he withdrew from them and what they worshipped besides Allah, We gave to him Ishaq and
Yaqoub, and each one of them We made a prophet”
(Surah Mariam, verse 49)

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The purification of soul, actions and wealth from any sinful intention and deeds
(e.g. the obligation of zakat payment)
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To ensure al-falah (the ultimate happiness and success) in the world and hereafter.

The day of Judgement (hereafter)
- Any matters held in this world will be asked and measured in the hereafter
- Man should be more concern on every actions done by him in terms of resources, process, quality, validity etc so that it will always in line to the Shariah principles.
“And those who are constant, seeking the pleasure of their
Lord, and keep up prayer and spend (benevolently) out of what We have given them secretly and openly and repel evil with good; as for those, they shall have the (happy) issue of the abode” (Surah Ar-Rad, verse 22)
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Its human beings, always forgetful and careless; therefore, the bad habits should be replaced with good deeds

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Man act as a trustee to manage the wealth of the universe.
Man is responsible to the harmonious and sustainable of an organization
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Human needs to have knowledge, skills and positive value in order to become a good khalifah