" ….. we must be second to none in the application of advanced
technologies to the real problems of man and society, which we find in
our country. …
- Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai



Frank Admission : Existence of abundant downto-earth problems of development.
Prudent assertion : Science &Technology being
crucial apparatus for development.
Commitment : Science &Technology for socioeconomic benefits in preference to display of
grandeur.
• Military Superiority
• Technological Dominance
• Display of Grandeur
Indian Space Program is very different.
Very deeply rooted to the society
SPACE POLICY
The Humble beginning
Mandate and Mantra
• Application of Space Technology for the
benefit of the common man
 India today runs and maintains its own
space program
 Remarkable benefits are being provided
to the common man in timely & Costeffective fashion
DID IT WORK ?
* ONE OF THE LARGEST DOMESTIC SATCOM
SYSTEMS - Ku, C, S BANDS
* MULTI-PURPOSE : TELECOM, TV, METEOROLOGY
•200 TRANSPONDERS, GLOBAL/DOMESTIC BEAMS
INSAT-2C,D
INSAT-1
INSAT-3B
INSAT-3E
GSAT-2
INSAT-2E
APPLE
INSAT-3D
EDUSAT
INSAT-3A
INSAT-2A,B
DTH
INSAT-4B
(GSAT-3)
COMMUNICATION
 Speech Circuits On
Trunk Routes
 VSAT Connectivity
BROADCAST
 Television Broadcasting
 Direct To Home (DTH)
 TV & Radio Networking
OTHERS
 Mobile Satellite Service
 Search and Rescue
 Satellite Navigation
DEVELOPMENTAL
METEOROLOGICAL
 Tele-health
 Tele-education
 Emergency
Communication
 Meteorological Imaging
 Data Collection Platform
 Disaster Warning
INSAT SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
EduSat
Video
+
Audio
Video
+
Audio
Audio
5 Spot Beams in Ku Band
1 National Beam in Ku Band
1 National Beam in Ext C Band (6 Channels)
Teaching-End
Class Room-1
TELE EDUCATION
Class Room-2
180 Hospitals
 146 Dist/ Rural Hospitals
 34 Super Specialty Hospitals
Reaching the un-reached
Referral
Hospitals
Video Conferencing
Health Specialist
Centre
Cardiology
Pathology
AMBULANCE
Video
Conferencing
Panel of Doctors
TELE MEDICINE VIA SATELLITE
1999
1995/1997
2003
IRS-1C/1D LISS-3 (23/70M,
STEERABLE PAN (5.8 M);
WiFS (188M)
1996
INSAT-2E CCD
(1KM RESOLUTION;
EVERY 30 MNUTESS)
RESOURCESAT-1
LISS3 - 23 M; 4 XS
LISS4 - 5.8 M; 3-XS
AWIFS - 70 M; 4-XS
2005
1994
IRS-P3
WiFS MOS
X-Ray
IRS-P2
LISS-2
1988/91
IRS-1A/1B LISS-1&2 (72/36M,
4 BANDS; VIS & NIR)
1982
RS-D1
1979
BHASKARA
CARTOSAT - 1
PAN - 2.5M, 30 KM,
F/A
1999
IRS-P4
OCEANSAT OCM, MSMR
INDIAN
IMAGING
SYSTEMS
IMAGING IMPROVEMENTS
 1KM TO 1.0 M RESOLUTION
 GLOBAL COVERAGE
 APPLICATION-SPECIFIC
2007
CARTOSAT-2
PAN - 1M
MEGHA-TROPIQUES
SAPHIR
SCARAB &
MADRAS
AGRICULTURE & SOIL
 Crop Acreage & Production
Estimation
 Soil & Land Degradation
Mapping
 Watershed Development
 Horticulture Mission for NorthEast
LAND
 Landuse/Land Cover
Mapping
 Wasteland Mapping
 Urban Sprawl Studies
 Large Scale Mapping
FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO
 Forest Cover & Type Mapping
 Forest Fire and Risk Mapping
 Biodiversity Characterisation
 Environmental Impact Studies
WATER
 Potential Drinking
Water Zones
 Command Area
Management
 Reservoir
Sedimentation
WEATHER & CLIMATE
Extended Range
Monsoon Forecasting
Ocean State Forecasting
DISASTER SUPPORT
 Flood Damage Assessment
 Drought Monitoring
 Land Slide Hazard Zonation
OCEAN
 Potential Fishing Zone
(PFZ)
 Coastal Zone Mapping
EARTH OBSERVATION – APPLICATIONS
A milestone application towards
building social infrastructure
Ground Water
Prospect Map
with Sites for
Recharge
Implementation
and Feedback
status
RAJ
 67,775
 90
MP
CHG
 22,006  34,413
 90
 93


Development of spatial information
system on ground water covering
problem states
More than 90% success rate in drilled
sources (more than 2,00,000 in 7 states)
KAR
 34,688
 93
AP
 35,139
 93
 Wells Drilled
 Success Rate (%)
Kerala
 7,730
 92
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION
PSLV
GSLV
GSLV MkIII
294
400
629
Payload (Kgs)
1,500 SSO
2,250 GTO
4,000 to 4,500 GTO
Flights
9 (1993-07)
4 (2001-06)
--
Weight (T)
ISRO LAUNCHERS
LAUNCH VEHICLE
22 Launch Vehicle Missions
TODAY, 2007
Self reliance in launching
November 21, 1963
SLV-3
46
ASLV
PSLV
+ 6 Spacecraft Missions
ARYABHATA
19.04.75
Self reliance in building satellites
KALPANA-1
12.09.02
INSAT-2E
03.04.99
INSAT-3C
24.01.02
IRS-1D
29.09.97
INSAT-3A
10.04.03
TES
22.10.01
4
EDUSAT
20.09.04
CARTOSAT-2
10.01.07
INSAT-4A
22.12.05
GSAT-2
08.05.03
INSAT-3B
22.03.00
IRS-P4
26.05.99
10
RESOURCESAT-1
17.10.03
HAMSAT
05.05.05
CARTOSAT-1
05.05.05
FOUR DECADES OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME
APPLICATIONS
INSAT-3E
28.09.03
GSLV
Chandrayaan-1
India’s First Lunar Mission
ASTROSAT
SPACE SCIENCE
First Lunar Mission
• The satellite construction is progressing.
• The launch is scheduled in 2008
Chandrayaan-1 Mission Objectives
 High resolution imaging and chemical and mineralogical mapping of
lunar surface to define the process leading to the formation and
chemical evolution of moon.
o Remote sensing in visible, near Infra Red, low energy X-ray and high
energy X-ray regions
 Systematic topographic mapping of the whole surface of the moon.
 Develop expertise of planning and execution of mission for sending S/C
to orbit around moon, this exercise will help for future planetary
exploration missions.
 To establish capability of planetary data analysis, data archival and
dissemination.
Chandrayaan-1 Mission Spin-offs
 Realization of Deep Space Network (DSN)
 Establishment of Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC)
 With the concept of Announcement Of Opportunity (AO)
payloads, many space agencies are participating in
Chandrayaan-1
 International Co-operation for Space science and Space
exploration
 Generation of interest among the student Community
Chandrayaan-1
Payloads
ISRO
1.
Terrain Mapping Camera
– ( TMC )
2.
Hyper Spectral Imager
– ( HySI-VNIR )
3.
Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument
–(
4.
High Energy X-ray payload
– ( HEX )
5.
Moon IMPACT PROBE with MSM,
Video camera and an altimeter
–
LLRI )
( MIP )
Other Space Agencies / Research Institutions
1.
Low Energy X-ray (CIXS & SXM): RAL,UK
2.
Mini SAR(APL/NASA, USA)
3.
SIR-2, Max Plank Inst, Germany
4.
Sub Kev Atom Reflecting Analyzer
– IRF, swedan;
JAXA,Japan; ISAS, Switzerland; SPL, India
5.
Radiation Dose Monitor (Bulgaria)
6.
Moon Mineralogy Mapper (JPL/NASA,USA)
– ( RADOM )
– (M3)
Possible Future Missions
 Basically four types of future missions are being envisaged.
(These missions are a result of a thought process within the Indian
Scientific community and are not Govt. approved ISRO projects yet)
 Follow on mission to Moon: Considered time frame- 2011
(Chandrayaan-2)
 Asteroid / Comet flyby mission: Possible time frame- 2015
 Mission to Mars :Timeframe- 2019
 Human Mission : Timeframe 2020
 Missions to other planets (Venus, Mercury…Vision beyond 2020)
Chandrayaan - 2
•
•
•
•
Mission includes Orbiter and Lander
Remote Sensing instruments
Lander might include robotics, rovers and penetrators.
Preferred landing sites, specific scientific problems and instruments
need to be finalized. Far side of the moon, particularly South Pole
Aitkin (SPA) basin is a prime candidate.
• Considered time frame : 2011
• Possible instruments on the orbiter:
– Terrain mapping camera
– 400-4000nm hyper spectral Imager
– Low energy X-ray spectrometer (CCD-array)
– Gamma ray, neutron, alpha spectrometer
Mission to Asteroid
• Orbiter mission to a main belt Asteroid / Comet
OR
• Orbiter mission around a suitable to near earth
asteroid coupled with flyby to one or more
comets / asteroids
Possible time frame : 2015
Asteroid Mission: Science Goals & Mission Priorities
Scientific objectives
 Understanding Evolution of Asteroids
 Shape, Size, Mass and Composition of Asteroids
 Asteroids (e.g. Vesta and Ceres) as parent bodies of
meteorites (differentiated and stony type)
 Role of water/ice in controlling asteroid evolution
 Thermal history, differentiation and core size
Understanding the very early processes operating in
Planetesimals and hence in Planets
Target: Comet
 Surface and Interior of Comet Nucleus
ION TAIL
Hydrogen
Envelope
 Composition of dust and gas in the coma
 Details of thermal balance and outflow
(sublimation of Ice)
 Solar radiations & solar wind interaction
COMA
NUCLEUS
COMET
ORBIT
DUST TAIL
 Samples of Comet Dust for Laboratory
Studies
SUN
Comet mission configuration to be based on the outcome of other such missions
Mission to Mars
• Orbiter mission to Mars to study Mars
atmosphere, weather and solar wind-Mars
interactions.
• Instruments to be developed are for studying
weak magnetic field and plasma
• Timeframe : 2019
Thank You