Values
1)Standards by which a culture judges an item
good or bad
2)Broad ideas about what most people in a
society consider to be desirable
3) Form the basis for norms
Do different cultures have different
values?
American Values
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Value of the individual
The individual has rights above that of general society and government. Success occurs at the
level of the individual. People should not have to fight for their rights. The government
should protect the rights of the individual, not the other way around.
Achievement and success
Success is measured by the accumulation of power, status, wealth and property. What you
already have is not as important as what you continue to accumulate. A retired wealthy
person was successful, but is now less admirable.
Change and progress
Change is inevitable. Progress is good and leads to success. If you do not keep up, you will fall
behind. Newer is always better. The next version will be better than the last.
Ethical equality
All people are equal, both spiritually and in the opportunities they deserve. This includes
differences in race, gender, disability, age, sexual preference and so on.
Effort and optimism
Hard work and striving is the key to success. The great American Dream of fame and fortune
comes to those who work hard and never give up.
Efficiency, practicality and pragmatism
Solution is more important than ideology. Utility is more important than show. A key question
to any idea is 'Will it work?'
Values form the basis for Norms
Values
I
Norms
I
Folkways
I
Mores
I
Many Mores
Are Laws
I
Conformity Required
I
Taboos
Values form norms which many times
become laws
• U.S. –Value- freedom Norm-Government cant
take my personal freedom Law-4th
amendment (Must have a warrant to search
my house)
• Not all mores become laws(Cheating on a test)
• Not all laws started out as mores(Fine for
overtime parking meter)
Norms
• Are rules defining appropriate and
inappropriate behavior.
• This is because once norms are learned,
members of a society use them to guide their
social behavior. Norms are so ingrained they
guide behavior without our awareness.
• Ex. Cutting in front of someone in a line
violates a norm.
Distinction between Mores and
Folkways
• Folkways are of a more general and wider character than mores.
• Mores imply a value judgment about the folkways
• Mores are more effective and are always molding and restraining
the tendencies of the individuals than the folkways.
• It is out of mores and not folkways that our profound convictions of
right and wrong come.
• -Mores are less deeply rooted in society and change more rapidly
than the mores which are more deeply rooted and change less
frequently.
• Folkways change with one’s social status and occupational position
but mores do not change that way.
• Violations of mores but not of the folkways are looked upon as an
evident danger to the right of others.
Mores
• Mores: norms with great moral significance
attached to them
• Fighting- Arrested ? Suspended?
Folkways
• What is the difference between folkways ,mores,
and taboo
• Folkways-folkways: norms that describe socially
acceptable behavior without great moral
significance attached to them
• Not considered vital to group welfare
Chew with your mouth closed
Will you be arrested? Suspended from school?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNAQheU36ws
Taboo
• Taboo-Marrying your sister
• Incest is Universal taboo
Idea of progress
Value
More
Law
taboo
95%
oo
0%
ta
b
0%
La
w
or
e
M
ue
5%
Va
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
Eating three healthy meals a day
Law
More
Taboo
Folkway
82%
18%
Fo
l
kw
o
Ta
bo
M
ay
0%
or
e
0%
La
w
1.
2.
3.
4.
Getting in someone’s personal space
Taboo
Law
More
Folkway
80%
20%
ay
kw
Fo
l
M
or
e
0%
La
w
o
0%
Ta
bo
1.
2.
3.
4.
List the norms from strongest to
weakest
1. Folkway, More,
Taboo
2. More, Taboo,
Folkway
3. Taboo, More,
Folkway
55%
25%
or
e,
F.
..
o,
M
Ta
bo
,T
M
or
e
Fo
l
kw
ay
,M
or
ab
oo
,F
. ..
e,
...
20%
Having school spirit
100%
1. More
2. Taboo
3. Folkway
Fo
l
kw
o
ay
0%
Ta
bo
M
or
e
0%
Marrying your sibling
100%
kw
ay
0%
Fo
l
or
e
M
o
0%
Ta
bo
1. Taboo
2. More
3. Folkway
All cultures have the same values
1. True
2. False
95%
se
Fa
l
Tr
ue
5%
Folkways are stronger than Mores
1. True
2. False
100%
se
Fa
l
Tr
ue
0%
Values Final 4- Are these in your life ?
1
1. A
2. B
64%
B
A
36%
2
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
3
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
4
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
5
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
6
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
7
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
8
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
9
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
10
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
11
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
12
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
13
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
14
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
15
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
16
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
Elite 8
1
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
2
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
3
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
4
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
5
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
6
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
7
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
8
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
Final 4
1
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
2
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
Values National Championship
1
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
1
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
1
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
1
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20
1
1
1. A
2. B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10
11
12
13
A
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
B
0%
19
20