LATIN I FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE-2015:
Learn the principal parts of these verbs. Be able to conjugate them in the present, imperfect, future, perfect
pluperfect, and future perfect tenses (active voice) and know what each form means in English. Know their
infinitive and imperative forms, and know what these forms mean in English
Sum, esse, fuī
Possum, posse, potuī
Dō, dare, dedī, datus
Deleō, delēre, delēvī, delētus
Dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus
Teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus
Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus
Dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus
Vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus
Trahō, trahere, traxī, tractus
Mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus
Agō, agere, ēgī, actus
Faciō, facere, fēcī, factus
Capiō, capere, cēpī, captus
Audio, audīre, audīvī, audītus
You will have two verbs to conjugate, and you will have about 40 multiple choice questions like this:
1. You have heard
a. Audīs b. audīvimus
c. audīvistī
d. audio
e. audiēbas
Conjugates verbs for you. http://www.verbix.com/languages/latin.shtml Practice conjugation online: http://web.utk.edu/~ehsuther/synop.html
OR: https://www.youtube.com/user/latintutorial go to Latin Tutorial: Present tense, imperfect tense, future tense, perfect tense, pluperfect tense, future perfect tense,
irregular verbs-sum,esse; irregular verbs, possum, posse
NOUNS: Make sure you know these nouns, and can decline them: Make sure you understand how the cases are
used in sentences.
1st
Puella, -ae (f)
Nauta, -ae (m)
Aula, -ae (f)
Vīta, -ae (f)
Culīna, -ae (f)
Via, -ae (f)
Regīna, -ae (f)
Dea, -ae (f)
Filia, -ae (f)
Aqua, -ae (f)
Lūna, -ae (f)
Cēna, -ae (f)
domina, -ae (f)
Terra, -ae (f)
Silva, -ae (f)
Ancilla, -ae (f)
Villa, -ae (f)
2nd Masc
puer, -ī
filius, -ī
lectus, -ī
equus, -ī
hortus, -ī
lupus, -ī
vir, -ī
servus, -ī
dominus, -ī
deus, -ī
cibus, -ī
amīcus, -ī
nuntius, -ī
marītus, -ī
lībertus, -ī
2nd Neuter
cubiculum, -ī
caelum, -ī
saxum, -ī
plaustrum, -ī
donum, -ī
aedificium, -ī
templum, -ī
horreum, -ī
vinum, -ī
templum, -ī
3rd M/F
rēx, rēgis (m)
prīnceps, prīncipis (m)
cīvis, cīvis (m)
centuriō, centuriōnis (m)
canis, canis (m)
pater, patris (m)
senex, senis (m)
mōns, montis (m)
pater, patris (m)
leō, leōnis (m)
frater, fratris (m)
urbs, urbis (f)
māter, mātris (f)
uxor, uxoris (f)
nox, noctis (f)
soror, sororis (f)
urbs, urbis (f)
3rd Neuter
animal, animalis (n)
flumen, fluminis (n)
mare, maris (n)
nōmen, nōminis (n)
You will have several nouns to decline. You will have a section where you match the cases with their uses. You will
have about 40 questions like this
1. I gave the girl a kiss.
a. Puella b. puellīs
c. puellā
d. puellam
e. puellae
f. puellī g. puellae
2. I ran into the woods. What case would “woods” be?
a. Nominative
b. genitive
c. dative,
d. accusative e. ablative
f. vocative
LATIN - QUICK GUIDE TO LATIN VERBS (Present, Imperfect, Perfect, Future, Pluperfect, Future Perfect)
PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A LATIN VERB
 Most Latin verbs have 4 principal parts. You see them when you look a verb up in a Latin dictionary
 Example: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus
 1st Principal part – amō
o Present tense-1st person singular. “I love” or “I am loving”
nd
 2 Principal part – amāre
o Infinitive. In English: “to + verb”. Example: “to love”
o The infinitive ending indicates the conjugation (1-4) of the verb:
1st-āre
2nd-ēre
3rd-ere
4th - īre
o The infinitive gives you the present stem of the verb. Drop the -re to get the present stem.
o Present tense, imperfect tense & future tense are all built on the present stem.
rd
 3 Principal part-amāvī
o Perfect tense,1st person singular. “ I loved” or “I have loved”
o The 3rd Principal Part gives you the perfect stem of the verb. Drop the -ī to get the perfect stem.
The perfect tense is built on the perfect stem of the verb.
th
 4 Principal part – amātus
o Perfect passive participle, which is an adjective usually translated in English as “having been
____ed”. Example: “having been loved”.
1ST
2ND
3RD
3rd io
4TH
EXAMPLES from Each Conjugation:
1st Prin. Part
2nd Prin. Part
3rd Prin. Part
Present Tense Infinitive
Perfect Tense
cantō
cantāre
cantāvī
moneō
monēre
monuī
agō
agere
ēgī
capiō
capere
cēpī
audiō
audīre
audīvī
4th Prin. Part
Perfect Passive Participal
cantātus
monitus
actus
captus
audītus
INFINITIVE & IMPERATIVE (singular & plural)
The infinitive is the 2nd principal part of the verb. Endings: āre, ēre, ere, īre, translate: to___
To make the singular imperative, drop the –re. Endings: ā, ē, e, ī
The imperative is a command, The implied subject is “you”. Singular imperative is a command addressed to
one person.
 To make the plural imperative, add –te to the singular imperative. However, plural imperative of the 3 rd
congulation ending is –ite (rather than -ete). Plural imperative is a command addressed to more than one
person. The implied subject is you-plural.
 Translate the imperative: Sing! Warn! Do! Take! Hear!
1st
2nd
3rd
3rd-io
4th
Intinitives
cantāre
monēre
agere
capere
audīre
Singular Imp cantā
monē
age
cape
audī
Plural Imp.
Cantāte
monēte
agite
capite
audīte


PRESENT TENSE:


Present stem + vowel + ō, s, t, mus, tis, nt
Notice that there is a “connecting vowel” before the ending that depends on which the conjugation of
the verb.
1st Conj
2nd Conj
3rd Conj 3rd io
4th Conj
1st sg. (I)
cantō
moneō
agō
capiō
audiō
2nd sg.(you)
cantās
monēs
agis
capis
audīs
3rd sg.(he/she/it)
cantat
monet
agit
capit
audit
1st pl.(we)
cantāmus
monēmus
agimus
capimus
audīmus
2nd pl.(y’all)
cantātis
monētis
agitis
capitis
audītis
3rd pl.(they)
cantant
monent
agunt
capiunt
audiunt
TRANSLATE: I sing/I am singing;
you sing/you are singing, etc.
IMPERFECT TENSE
* Present stem + vowel + bam, bās, bat, bāmus, bātis, bant
* Notice that there is a “connecting vowel” that depends on the conjugation
 action in the past that was continuing or repeated
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
3rd Conj.
3rd io
4th Conj.
1st sg.(I)
cantābam
monēbam
agēbam
capiēbam
audiēbam
2nd sg.(you)
cantābās
monēbās
agēbās
capiēbās
audiēbās
3rd sg.(he/she/it)
cantābat
monēbat
agêbat
capiēbat
audiēbat
1st pl.(we)
cantābāmus
monēbāmus
agêbāmus capiēbāmus
audiēbāmus
2nd pl.(y’all)
cantābātis
monēbātis
agêbātis
capiēbātis
audiēbātis
3rd pl.(they)
Cantābant
monēbant
agêbant
capiēbant
audiēbant
TRANLATE: I was singing/ I used to sing;
you were singing/you used to sing, etc.
FUTURE TENSE: Beware!


1st & 2nd Conj’s: present stem + vowel + bō, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt
3rd & 4th conj’s: present stem + am, ēs, et, ēmus, ētis, ent (no connecting vowel)
1st
2nd
3rd
3rd-io
4th
1st sg.(I)
cantābō
monēbō
agam
capiam
audiam
2nd sg.(you)
cantābis
monēbis
agēs
capiēs
audiēs
3rd sg.(he/she/it)
cantābit
monēbit
aget
capiet
audiet
1st pl.(we)
cantābimus
monēbimus
agēmus
capiēmus
audiēmus
2nd pl.(y’all)
cantābitis
monēbitis
agētis
capiētis
audiētis
3rd pl.(they)
cantābunt
monēbunt
agent
capient
audient
TRANSLATE: I will/shall sing, , you will sing, etc.
PERFECT TENSE



Perfect stem + ī, istī, it, imus, istis, ērunt (no connecting vowel)
Action in the past that was a single, completed event
The perfect stem is from the 3rd principal part of the verb, and is usually different from the present
stem.
o Most 1st Conjugation verb perfect stems have –āv-. Ex.:
Cantō, cantāre, cantāvī, cantātus

o
Many 2

o
conjugation verbs perfect stems have –u-. Ex;
Moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus
There is no single pattern for the 3rd conjugation. Some show a long vowel in the perfect stem,
or a different vowel, or an –x-, Ex:
Agō, agere, ēgī, actus;

o
nd
th
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus;
capiō, capere, cēpī, captus
Many 4 Conjugation perfect stems have an –īv
1st
Audiō, audīre, audīvī, auditus
2nd
3rd
3rd-io
4th
1st sg.(I)
cantāvī
monuī
ēgī
cēpī
audīvī
2nd sg.(you)
cantāvistī
monuistî
ēgistī
cēpistī
audīvistī
3rd sg.(he/she/it)
cantāvit
monuit
ēgit
cēpit
audīvit
1st pl.(we)
cantāvimus
monuimus
ēgimus cēpimus
audīvimus
2nd pl.(y’all)
cantāvistis
monuistis
ēgistis cēpistis
audīvistis
3rd pl.(they)
cantāvērunt
monuērunt
ēgērunt cēpērunt
audīvērunt
TRANSLATE: I sang/I have sung, you sang/you have sung, etc.
PLUPERFECT TENSE


Perfect stem + eram, erās, erat, erāmus, erātis erant(no connecting vowel)
Action in the past that happened before some reference point
1st
2nd
3rd
3rd-io
4th
1st sg.(I)
cantāveram
monueram
ēgeram
cēperam
audīveram
2nd sg.(you)
cantāverās
monuerās
ēgisterās
cēpisterās
audīverās
3rd sg.(he/she/it)
cantāverat
monuerat
ēgerat
cēperat
audīverat
1st pl.(we)
cantāverāmus
monuerāmus
ēgerāmus
cēperāmus
audīverāmus
2nd pl.(y’all)
cantāverātis
monuerātis
ēgerātis
cēperātis
audīverātis
3rd pl.(they)
cantāverant
monuerant
ēgerant
cēperant
audīverant
TRANSLATE: I had sung, you had sung, etc.
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE


Perfect stem + erō, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint(no connecting vowel)
Action in the future that happened after some reference point
1st
2nd
3rd
3rd-io
4th
1st sg.(I)
cantāverō
monuerō
ēgerō
cēperō
audīverō
2nd sg.(you)
cantāveris
monueris
ēgisteris
cēpisteris
audīveris
3rd sg.(he/she/it)
cantāverit
monuerit
ēgerit
cēperit
audīverit
1st pl.(we)
cantāverimus
monuerimus
ēgerimus
cēperimus
audīverimus
2nd pl.(y’all)
cantāveritis
monueritis
ēgeritis
cēperitis
audīveritis
3rd pl.(they)
cantāverint
monuerint
ēgerint
cēperint
audīverint
TRANSLATE: I will have sung, you will have sung, etc.
QUICK GUIDE TO LATIN NOUNS:
QUICK GUIDE TO LATIN NOUNS AND HEIR CASES;
Nouns belong to one of 5 Declensions. In Latin 1 you learn 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Declensions.
A DECLENSION is a group of nouns that takes the same set of endings. The ending of a noun changes
with the case of the noun. When you decline a noun, you write it out to show all its possible endings. The
CASE of a noun depends on how the noun functions in the sentence. The noun ending changes depending
on its case, that is, how it functions in its sentence. The GENDER of a noun is masculine, feminine, or
neuter. NUMBER is singular or plural.
CASES:
 Nominative: subject, predicate nominative (used with the verb “to be”)
 Genitive: possession, ‘s, of _______
 Dative- Person or thing to or for which something is done; indirect object. Direct object of
some “special verbs” such as credo.
 Accusative-direct object; object of some prepositions, such as in (when it means into or onto);
ad, prope, per, circum.
 Ablative-object of some prepositions, such as in (when it means in or on), ā/ab, ē/ex, sub, sine,
cum, dē.
 Vocative-direct address
Singular
forms
1st
Fem*
2nd
Masc
2nd
Neut
3rd
Masc
Fem
3rd
Neut
Nominative
a
us, er, ir
um
various
various
Genitive
ae
î
î
is
is
Dative
ae
ô
ô
î
î
Accusative
am
um
um
em
= nom.
Ablative
â
ô
ô
e
e
Vocative
= nom.
us --> e
ius --> î
= nom.
= nom.
= nom.
Plural
forms
1st
Fem*
2nd
Masc
2nd
Neut
3rd
Masc
Fem
3rd
Neut
Nominative
ae
î
a
ês
a
Genitive
ârum
ôrum
ôrum
um
um
Dative
îs
îs
îs
ibus
ibus
Accusative
âs
ôs
a
ês
a
Ablative
îs
îs
îs
ibus
ibus