Biology Notes
Biology & Biochemistry
Part 1
Pages 3-11
Standard
1.1
___ Identify what is science, what clearly
is not science, and what superficially
resembles science
Essential Questions
1. What makes something alive?
I. What is Biology?
life
Biology = the study of _____
• For an organism to be considered
_________,
it must possess certain
alive
characteristics
_________________
A. Characteristics of Living Things
cells
1. All living things are made up of _______
Red
blood
cells
Plant Cells
Foot
fungus
cells
Cell = a collection of living ________
matter
enclosed by a barrier that separates the
cell from its ____________
environment
• A cell is the smallest unit of _________
matter
alive
considered to be _____
 Creatures with only one cell are
unicellular while creatures
called ____________
with more than one cell are called
multi-cellular
____________
Unicellular or Multi-Cellular????
unicellular
plankton
multi-cellular flower
multi-cellular bird
unicellular
gut bacteria
2. All living things _____________
reproduce
• Sexual Reproduction = creating a new
__________
organism from cells of ___
2 different
parents
________
e.g. humans, fish, plants, lions, etc.
• Asexual Reproduction = creating a new
__________
organism from only ____
one parent
e.g. Hydra (budding); most unicellular
organisms
3. All living things are based on a _________
genetic
DNA
code (____)
• Organisms created by
__________reproduction
are identical to
asexual
the single parent. They have the same
DNA or genetic code.
_______
• Organisms created by
_______reproduction
are similar to
sexual
both parents because the offspring
______
have DNA from each parent.
grow and ________
4. All living things ______
develop
• Unicellular organisms typically only
______
grow in size whereas multi-cellular
develop
organisms grow and _________
• Differentiation = the process of
development where a single cell will
multiply
____________
and the groups of cell will
take on different _______
jobs in the body
e.g. Nerve cells, brain cells, etc.
Q. Do unicellular organisms grow and develop?
A. Unicellular organisms only grow
Q. Do multi-cellular organisms grow and
develop?
A. Multi-cellular organisms both grow and
develop.
5. All living things need sources of _______
energy
• Energy is needed to complete many of
life’s __________
functions
e.g. Cellular respiration (all organisms) /
Photosynthesis (plants)
• What is the ultimate source of energy for
the sun
life on Earth? ____________
• Metabolism = the series of
__________
reactions to build or break materials
in order to obtain ___________
energy
necessary for life ___________
functions
e.g. Eat food → broken down for
energy (humans, animals, etc.)
6. All living things __________
respond to their
environment
• Stimulus = any signal to which an organism
can respond
Stimuli can either external or __________
internal
e.g.sun to plants → grow (external) /
low blood sugar → hunger → eat
(internal)
7. All living things maintain _______________
homeostasis
• Homeostasis = the ability of an organism to
keep a ________
stable internal environment
e.g. body temperature / heart rate /
sugar level
8. As a group, living things __________
change
• Evolution = the change of an organism
time in order to adapt to a
over _____
changing environment and _________
survive
___________
e.g. giraffe necks
B. Hierarchy of Biology
Biologists can group systems and organisms
to study or ____________
investigate progressively
complex
from the simple to the most ________
1. Subatomic Particles = _________,
protons neutrons,
and electrons that make up atoms
matter
2. Atom = the basic unit of _______
e.g. oxygen atom, hydrogen atom
3. Molecule = a group of atoms that is the
compounds
smallest unit of chemical ___________
e.g. water, DNA, proteins, salt
4. Organelle = groups of molecules that
perform the same tasks make up the
cell
different parts of a ____
e.g. nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria
4. Cell = smallest living piece of __________
matter
e.g. nerve cell, liver cell
5. Tissues = groups of similar cells that
function
perform the same ___________
e.g. smooth tissue, connective tissue
6. Organ = groups of _________
tissues that perform
similar functions
e.g. brain, heart
7. Organ System = groups of ________
organs that
perform similar functions
e.g. digestive, circulatory
8. Organism = an individual living ______
being that
has multiple and interacting organ systems
e.g. plant, person, worm
9. Population = groups of __________
organisms that
area
live in the same ______
e.g. students at Sandalwood / herd of cows /
flock of sheep
10. Community = different ___________
populations that live
in a defined area
i.e. Jax. Beach = surfers, turtles, fish,
seaweed, etc.
11. Ecosystem (Biome) = the community plus all
the ___________
non-living parts (climate)
i.e. tundra, rainforest, savanna
12. Biosphere = all ecosystems on _________
Earth