“Captains of Industry”
Vanderbilt
Rockefeller
Carnegie
Morgan
.....or were they “Robber Barons”?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
The “Self-Made Man”
John D. Rockefeller
“The growth of a large business is
merely the survival of the fittest.”
Consolidating Corporate America
J.P. Morgan
The Trust and the Holding Company
“John Rockefeller”
“J.P. Morgan”
Andrew Carnegie
The Gospel of Wealth
• Frederick Winslow Taylor
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=slfFJXVAepE 4:45
Modern Times (1936)
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=MHdmaFJ6W6M
Start at 1:40
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZlJ0vtUu4w
I Love Lucy – Assembly Line
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A
March 2015
Second Transportation
Revolution
• The Car and the Plane (1903)
What’s in a Car?
wheeled vehicles long before
Henry Ford.
•Steam Cars (mid 1700s)
•Electric Cars (early 1800s)
•Hydrogen Cars (mid 1800s)
In the mid 19th century,
Gas Cars
The Gas-Powered Car
1885 - Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach
invented what is often recognized as the prototype of
the modern gas engine – internal combustible engine
(patented in 1887). Daimler first built a two-wheeled
vehicle the "Reitwagen" (Riding Carriage) with this
engine and a year later built the world's first fourwheeled motor vehicle.
1886 - On January 29, German mechanical engineer
Karl Benz received the first patent for a gas-fueled car.
Benz designed and built the world's first practical
automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion
engine.
1889 - Daimler built an improved four-stroke engine
with mushroom-shaped valves and two V-slant
cylinders. The new Daimler automobile had a fourspeed transmission and obtained speeds of 10 mph.
1890 - Wilhelm Maybach built the first four-cylinder,
four-stroke engine.
By the early
1900s, gasoline
cars started to
outsell all other
types of motor
vehicles.
Duryea brothers
The New Olds
Ransom E. Olds
Oldsmobile
1st car that was produced on a
large scale
1st commercially successful car
1901
Oldsmobile sold 425 cars.
1905
sold over 5,000.
• In 1896, Henry Ford completed his first
vehicle that was powered by gasoline
instead of steam like other cars of his
time
– This car was called the Quadricycle
• On October 1, 1908, Ford introduced the Model T.
– many innovations
• Steering wheel on the left
• High chassis, vanadium steel
– Cost savings
• No windows, no heat
• Black paint
• The attraction of the Ford Model-T was that its price
never increased.
• Price in 1928 was only $295.
• By 1929 Ford was producing more than one car per
minute.
http://www.history.com/topics/automobiles 3:15
Henry Ford
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PdmNbqtDdI
 Planned obsolescense
 Variety
Effects
• “Multilayer effect”
– Glass, steel, gas
• Demise of horse
• Status
• Freedom
– Cocoon, sanctuary
• “private Walden Pond”
Like a Bird
The trajectory toward
modern-day flight
started with
UNPOWERED GLIDERS
There were a few men who
figured prominently in these early
experiments
•Otto Lilenthal
•German mechanical engineer,1848-1896
•Octave Chaute
•French civil engineer, 1832-1910
•Captain Ferdinand Ferber
•French Army officer, 1862-1909
•Wilbur and Orville Wright
•American inventors, 1867-1912 & 1871-1948,
respectively
The first time Wilbur and Orville started to
call themselves "The Wright Brothers" was
when they started their own printing firm
at the ages of 22 and 18. Using a damaged
tombstone and buggy parts, they built a
press and printed odd jobs as well as their
own newspaper.
In 1892, the brothers bought bicycles. They
began repairing bicycles for friends, then
started their own repair business. They
opened up a bicycle shop in 1893, and three
years later, made their own bicycles
While nursing Orville, who was sick with
typhoid in 1896, Wilbur read about the
death of a famous German glider pilot. The
news led him to take an interest in flying.
• The Wrights choose a glider as their
starting point
• They began in July 1899 with an
unmanned box kite
• Between 1900 and 1902, the brothers
built three gliders—first flying them
like a kite, then putting a man aboard
1899 to 1905
– the Wright brothers
researched aeronautics,
starting with test runs with
unmotored gliders;
•the Wright Brothers set out to fit
their plane with an engine.
•They had their bicycle mechanic,
Charles E. Taylor, build them a
four-cylinder, 12-horsepower
engine;
•eventually leading to the creation
of the first practical airplane.
this is a picture of
Orville piloting the
‘‘Wright flyer’’ 1 at Kill
Devil Hill 17th of
December 1903 and is
generally accepted as
the first powered flight .
Wilbur can be seen
watching this historic
flight.
Two chain driven
propellers can be seen
connected to a small
single engine .
first to conduct a manned, controlled, steered,
sustained, and powered heavier-than-air flight
•
•
December 17, 1903 - Orville took
the controls.
– The Flyer rose into the air and
stayed aloft for 12 seconds and
traveled 120 feet!
– Orville had made the first
controlled, sustained, heavierthan-air human flight with a
powered aircraft.
– The brothers took turns piloting
the Flyer for three more flights.
– The final launch lasted 59
seconds, and traveled 852 feet.
May 22, 1906 - the Wrights
received a patent for their
invention.
All successful airplanes since then have incorporated
the basic design elements of the 1903 Wright Flyer.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wfyvsp
nko04 2:45
AIRPLANES
•
•
•
•
•
In the early 20th century, brothers
Orville and Wilbur Wright,
experimented with engines and
aircrafts
They commissioned a fourcylinder internal combustion
engine, chose a propeller, and
built a biplane
On December 17, 1903 they flew
their plane for 12 seconds
covering 120 feet
Within two years the brothers
were making 30 minute flights
By 1920, the U.S. was using
airmail flights regularly
Actual photo of Wright Brother’s
first flight 12/17/03
The Problems of Monopoly
• Price Fixing
• Unstable economics
• Rise of Wealth
“the mother of
trusts”
“This association of
poverty with progress is
the great enigma of our
times.”
• By 1902 exposing of evil became an industry among
American publishers
• Aggressive ten- and fifteen-cent magazines
– editors financed research and writing
– reporters branded “muckrakers” by Roosevelt
• Targeted social evils—prostitution, slums, industrial
accidents, subjugation of American blacks, and
abuses of child labor
• The muckrakers are key to understanding
progressive reform movement
• Muckrakers counted on publicity and an aroused
public conscience
– Heavy on lamentation, short on solutions
– Cure for ills of American democracy was more
democracy
Wages and Working Conditio
• Low Wages
• Long Hours
• Lack of safety
Taco Bell
• Examples for Classwork
– Combining information from The Jungle
readings with an assembly-line template