PowerPoint to accompany Medical Language for Modern

PowerPoint to accompany

Essentials of Medical Language 2e

Allan, Lockyer

McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4:

The Skeletal System

The Essentials of the Language of

Orthopedics

Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Skeletal System

Lesson 4.1:

Bones of the Skeletal System

4-2


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Skeletal System

• Health professionals treating musculoskeletal problems:

– orthopedic surgeons

– osteopathic physicians

– chiropractors

– physical therapists and assistants

– orthopedic technologists and technicians

4-3


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Skeletal System

• Components of the skeletal system:

– bones

– cartilage

– tendons

– ligaments

• Functions

4-4


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Word Analysis and Definition

• Identify and define the suffixes of the following terms:

– chiropractic

– chiropractor

– detoxification

– musculoskeletal

– orthopedist

– osteopathy

4-5



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• Define the following words from Latin:

– cartilage

– ligament

– muscle

– tendon

• Define these abbreviations:

– MD

– DO

4-6


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Skeletal System

• Structure of bones

– classification of bones

4-7



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• Give adjective forms of the following terms:

– cortex cortical

– medulla medullary

– periosteum periosteal

4-8


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Skeletal System

• Diseases of the bone

© Dr. Michael Klein/Peter Arnold, Inc.

4-9


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• Define these terms having a common root:

– osteogenesis

– osteomalacia

– osteomyelitis

– osteopenia

– osteoporosis

4-10


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• Identify and define the suffixes from the following terms:

– achondroplasia

– sarcoma

4-11


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• Define the following abbreviations:

– BMD

– DEXA

– FDA

– IU

4-12


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Skeletal System

• Bone fractures

– types of fractures

– repairing fractures

4-13


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• Describe the difference between a nonunion and malunion of a fracture.

• Define the following abbreviation:

- Fx

4-14



• Describe the differences in the following fractures:

– closed vs. open fracture

– complete vs. incomplete

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– pathologic vs. compression

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• Describe the similarities and differences in the following terms:

– osteocyte

– osteoblast

– osteoclast

– osteogenesis

4-16


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The Skeletal System

Lesson 4.2:

Axial Skeleton

4-17


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Axial Skeleton

• Structure of axial skeleton

– vertebral column

4-18


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Axial Skeleton

• Structure of axial skeleton

– vertebral column

1. vertebrae

2. intervertebral discs

3. spinal cord

4-19



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• Define the term and write the adjective form:

– sacrum sacral

– spine spinal

– vertebrae vertebral

4-20


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• How are the following terms related?

– kyphosis

– lordosis

– scoliosis

4-21


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• The skull

– cranial cavity

Axial Skeleton

4-22


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• Define the following words from Latin,

Greek, or French origin.

– cranium

– mandible

– maxilla

– vomer

– zygoma

4-23


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• Identify and define the root from the following terms:

– palatine

– parietal

– sphenoid

– temporal

– ethmoid

4-24


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- C5

- C5-C6

- T12

- MRI

- TMJ

4-25


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The Skeletal System

• Lesson 4.3

• The Bones and Joints of the Shoulder

Girdle and Upper Limb

4-26


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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones

• Shoulder girdle and upper arm

4-27


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Appendicular Skeleton

Bones and Joints

• Shoulder girdle and upper arm

– common disorders of the shoulder

1. shoulder separation

2. shoulder dislocation

3. shoulder subluxation

4-28


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• Identify and define the root elements for the following terms:

– articulate

– dislocation

– pectoral

– subluxation

4-29


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Appendicular Skeleton

Bones and Joints

• Upper arm and elbow joint

– common disorders of the elbow

1. tennis elbow

2. ligament strains

3. bone fractures

4-30


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• Decompose the following terms into their elements:

– biceps

– brachialis

– deltoid

– ulnar

– triceps brachii

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• Wrist and hand

– bones

4-32


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• Wrist and hand

– common disorders of the wrist

1. ganglion cyst

2. stenosing tenosynovitis

3. carpal tunnel syndrome

4. Colles fracture

4-33


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• Wrist and hand

– common disorders of the hand

1. osteoarthritis (OA)

- Heberden nodes

2. rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

4-34


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• Define the following root elements:

– arthr

– carp

– oste/o

– ten/o

– phalang/e

4-35


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• Define the following Latin terms:

– dorsum back

– thenar palm

– phalanx bone of finger or toe

4-36


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• Identify the meaning of the following Greek terms:

– cyst

– ganglion

– stenosis

4-37


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– CTS

– OA

– RA

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The Appendicular Skeleton

Lesson 4.4

Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

4-39


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• Pelvic girdle

– structure

– functions

1. Supports the axial skeleton.

2. Transmits the upper body’s weight through to the lower limbs.

3. Provides attachments for the lower limbs.

4. Protects internal organs.

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• Pelvic girdle

– disorders of the pelvic girdle

1. sacroiliac joint strain

2. diastasis symphysis pubis

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• Define the term and write it in the adjective form:

– femur femoral

– pelvis pelvic

– pubis pubic

4-42


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• Define the term and write it in the adjective form:

– ischium ischial

– sacrum sacral

4-43


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• Bones, joints, and muscles of the hip and thigh

– disorders and injuries of the hip joint

1. hip pointer

2. osteoarthritis

3. rheumatoid arthritis

4. avascular necrosis

5. fractures

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• The knee joint

– bones

1. femur

2. tibia

3. patella

4. fibula

4-45



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• Bones and joints of the thigh and knee joint

– Femur lower end

- Tibia flat upper end

- Patella (knee cap)

- fibula articulates with tibia

4-46


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• Put the terms in correct anatomical order from head to toe:

– tibia

– femur

– pubis

– fibula

– patella

4-47


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• Define the term and write it in the plural form:

– meniscus menisci

– patella patellae

4-48


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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,

• The knee joint

– surgical procedures of the knee

- arthrocentesis

- arthroscopy

-total knee replacement

© Charles McRae, M.D./Visuals Unlimited

4-49


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• Identify and define the root and suffix of the following terms:

– arthrocentesis

– arthrodesis

– arthrography

– arthroplasty

– arthroscopy

4-50


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Appendicular Skeleton. Lower

Limb

• Bones and joints of the lower leg, ankle, and foot

– disorders of the ankle and foot

1. bunions

2. strains and sprains

3. Pott fracture

4-51


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• Bones, joints, and ligaments of the lower leg, ankle, and foot

– disorders of the ankle and foot

4. Achilles tendonitis

5. plantar fasciitis

6. clubfoot

4-52


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• Give the common name of the following medical terms:

– calcaneus

– talus

- tarsus

– metatarsus

- phalanges

4-53


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