Changing Patterns Of
International Tourism
Changing Patterns
Traditionally International Tourism has been
dominated by Western Europe, as both a
receiving and a generating region. This has been
due to…
• An established tradition in domestic tourism
that converts easily into international tourism.
• A mature and developed pattern of
infrastructure, such as transport, hotels, and
travel companies.
Changing Patterns
• A large variety of natural and man-made
attractions.
• A large population that is affluent and mobile.
• A range of climatic zones, which facilitates
summer and winter tourism.
Global Patterns
• There has been a reduction in the share of
tourists attracted to regions in Europe and the
Americas.
• There are relatively static positions in areas of
chronic underdevelopment in developing
countries in parts of Africa and South Asia
(including India and the politically unstable
Middle East
Global Patterns
• There has been a huge expansion in tourism
into East Asia and the Pacific, centred on
Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Hong Kong,
Japan, and Australia.
• For an area to grow there must be primary
and secondary resources.
Global Patterns
• Primary Tourist/Recreational Resources: are
the pre-existing attractions for tourism or
recreation (those not built specifically for the
purpose), including climate, Scenery, Wildlife,
Indigenous People, Cultural, and Heritage
Sites.
• Secondary Tourist/Recreational Resources:
include accommodation, catering,
entertainment, and shopping.
Factors Affecting Tourism
Factors
Examples
Natural Landscape
Mountains, Nepal; Biodiversity, Monteverde Cloud Forest, Costa
Rica; Coasts, Mediterranean; Forests, Amazon Rainforest;
Deserts, Tunisia; Polar Areas, Iceland; Rivers, Grand Canyon.
Climate
Hot and dry areas are attractive to most tourists; seasonality of
climate leads to seasonality of tourism.
Cultural
Language, Customs, Clothing, Food, Architecture, Theme Parks.
Examples Include… Recreation, Paris; Religion, Mecca; Education,
Oxford.
Factors Affecting Tourism
Factors
Examples
Social
Increasing Affluence, Leisure Time, Longer Holidays, Paid Holidays,
Better Mobility, Better Transport, More Women Working, Age Of
Tourists.
Economic
Exchange Rates, Foreign Exchange, Employment, Multiplier Effects,
Infrastructure, Leakages.
Political
2001 Terrorist Attacks In USA (9/11), resulted in fewer overseas visits
taken by US civilians.
Sporting Events Events such as the World Cup (Korea-Japan; 2002), and the Olympic
Games (Bejing; 2008) lead to a small boom in tourism.
Activity
Using A2 Geography P270-276, answer the
following…
1. Distinguish between primary and secondary
resources for tourism.
2. Describe the primary resources for tourism in
South America (Scenic, Ecological, and
Historical).
3. Highlight on the map on P275 in 3 different
colours, the scenic, Ecological, and Historical
Primary resources and describe their location.