Chapter 5 Section 3
World History
Mrs. Thompson
Mr. Williams
Macedonia lay
north of Greece.
Macedonians
raised
sheep and horses
and grew
crops in their
river valleys.
Philip II of
Macedonia
united the
Greek
states.
They were
warriors
who fought
on horseback.
Philip II rose
to the throne
of Macedonia
in 359 B.C.
He wanted
to make
his kingdom strong
enough to defeat
the
Persian Empire.
He admired
everything about
the Greeks.
He took some
city-states
by force
and bribed
the leaders
of others
to surrender.
He needed
to unite
the Greek city-states
with his
own kingdom.
Demosthenes
was a lawyer
and one of
Athens’s
great public
speakers.
He warned
the Athenians
of the threat
of Philip II.
The Peloponnesian War
had weakened and
divided Greece.
He urged Athens
and other
city-states to
fight the
Macedonians
together.
Fighting had
destroyed farms
and killed
many people.
Many young Greeks had left to
join the Persian army as well,
and Athens could not stop Philip II.
In 338 B.C., the Macedonians
crushed the Greek allies at the
Battle of Chaeronea near Thebes.
Philip then controlled
all of Greece.
Alexander
builds an
Empire.
Alexander the Great conquered
the Persian Empire
and spread Greek culture
throughout southwest Asia.
Alexander was 20 when he became
king of Macedonia
after his father was murdered.
He was trained about war as a boy,
and commanded the army at age 16.
In 334 B.C., he invaded Asia Minor
with 37,000 foot soldiers and 5,000
mounted warriors.
At the Battle of
Granicus, Alexander
destroyed the Persians.
Result:
In 331 B.C.,
He freed the
Alexander Alexander’s army
Greeks in
Alexander’s
went east
Asia Minor
overran
Conquests
and defeated
and defeated
the Persians
the rest of the
another army
at
Persian
Empire.
at Issus.
Gaugamela
near
By the winter of 332 B.C., he had captured
Babylon.
Syria and Egypt and built the city of
Alexandria as the center of business and trade
on the coast of northern Egypt.
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Some ancient
remains at
Alexandria.
Library at Alexandria
In 326 B.C., he crossed the
Indus River and entered India
and fought numerous bloody
battles.
When his soldiers refused to go any On the return march, the troops
entered what is modern-day Iran.
further, he agreed to let them go
Heat and thirst killed many soldiers.
home.
According to a Greek historian, when the
soldiers found a little water and scooped it
up, Alexander, “in full view of his troops,
poured the water on the ground. So
extraordinary was the effect of this action
that the water wasted by Alexander was as
good as a drink for every man in the army.”
In 323 B.C., he returned to Babylon to plan an
invasion of Arabia, but he died ten days later
with a bad fever. He was 32.
A legacy is what
a person leaves
behind when
he or she dies.
He was a great
military leader.
He inspired his armies
to march into unknown
lands and risk their
lives in difficult
situations.
The key to his success may have
been his childhood education.
He kept a copy of the Iliad under his pillow.
Aristotle was his tutor.
Alexander extended Greek
and Macedonian
rule and culture
over a vast area.
In turn, Greeks
brought new
ideas back from
Asia and Africa.
Alexander’s conquests
marked the beginning of
the Hellenistic Era.
The word
Hellenistic
comes from a
Greek word
meaning “like
the Greeks.”
Alexander’
s Conquests
It refers to a
time when the
Greek language
and Greek ideas
spread to the
non-Greek
people of
southwest Asia.
Alexander the Great
planned to unite the
Macedonians, Greeks,
and Persians in
his new empire.
After Alexander’s
death,
his generals fought
He used
Persian officials
each other
and encouraged
for power.
his soldiers to marry
Asian women .
Egypt
Macedonia
The empire
divided,
and four
kingdoms
took its place.
Seleucid
Empire
Pergamum
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
All government business was
conducted in Greek language.
GUESS
WHAT?!?
Any Egyptian or Asian applying
for government job
had to speak Greek.
This way the
Greeks remained
in control.
Building Greek Cities in the East
Pergamum:
A New
“Hellenistic”
City
Trade in the Hellenistic World
By 100 B.C., the
largest city in
the Mediterranean
world was
Alexandria.
The new Greek
cities needed
architects, engineers,
philosophers, artisans,
and artists.
Hellenistic rulers
encouraged Greeks
and Macedonians
to settle in
southwest Asia.
These new colonists:
were new
recruits
for the army
became new
workers in
these areas
were a pool
of government
officials
helped spread Greek
culture into Egypt
and as far
east as modern-day
Afghanistan
and India.