Chapter 1 Review
2013
Precision and Accuracy
How do these terms in science differ from
their everyday meanings?
Precision and Accuracy
How do these terms in science differ from
their everyday meanings?
● precision is the exactness of a
measurement
● accuracy is how close the value is to a true
value
● The terms are not interchangeable in
science as they may be in everyday
language.
Physical science was once defined as
“the science of the nonliving world.”
Explain why that definition is no longer
sufficient.
Physical science was once defined as
“the science of the nonliving world.”
Explain why that definition is no longer
sufficient.
As knowledge has increased, scientists have
learned that the discoveries in one area are
applicable to another.
For example, the study of the chemistry (a
physical science) of living things is
biochemistry.
Explain why the observation that the
sun sets in the west is a scientific law.
Explain why the observation that the
sun sets in the west is a scientific law.
It has been observed repeatedly and does not
attempt to explain why the sun sets in the
west.
Explain why the following statement
could be considered a scientific theory:
The rotation of the Earth causes the sun to
set.
Explain why the following statement
could be considered a scientific theory:
The rotation of the Earth causes the sun to
set.
The rotation of the Earth causing the sun to
set could be considered a scientific theory
because it is a tested, possible explanation
of why the sun sets in the west.
What is mass and how does it differ
from weight?
What is mass and how does it differ
from weight?
Mass is quantity of matter, whereas weight is
the force with which Earth’s gravity pulls
on that quantity of matter.
Mass is constant throughout the universe.
Weight changes with location (depends on
the pull of gravity). The further you get
from the center of the Earth, the less you
weigh. (i.e., on a mountaintop you weigh
less than at sea level).
Some features on computer chips
can be as small as 35 nm.
Explain why you would use scientific notation
to express this quantity in meters.
Some features on computer chips
can be as small as 35 nm.
Explain why you would use scientific notation
to express this quantity in meters.
Scientific notation would be used to express
35 nm in terms of meters because it is
0.0000000035 m. Using scientific notation
decreases the number of zeros that need to
be written and decreases the possibility of
errors in calculations.
The mass of a certain elephant is
3476 kg.
A zoologist who measures the mass of that
elephant finds the mass to be 3480 kg. Is the
mass measured by the zoologist accurate?
The mass of a certain elephant is
3476 kg.
A zoologist who measures the mass of that
elephant finds the mass to be 3480 kg. Is the
mass measured by the zoologist accurate?
The measured mass of the elephant is
accurate because it is very close to the
actual mass of the elephant. The
instrument used by the zoologist just was
not as precise as the instrument used to
determine the true value.
Which branch of science is not
included in physical science?
A. physics
B. chemistry
C. astronomy
D. zoology
Which branch of science is not
included in physical science?
A. physics
B. chemistry
C. astronomy
D. zoology
Do you agree with this answer? Why or why
not?
Which science deals most with
energy and forces?
A. biology
B. physics
C. botany
D. agriculture
Which science deals most with
energy and forces?
A. biology
B. physics
C. botany
D. agriculture
Using superconductors to build
computers is an example of
A. technology
B. applied biology
C. pure science
D. an experiment
Using superconductors to build
computers is an example of
A. technology
B. applied biology
C. pure science
D. an experiment
A balance is a scientific tool used to
measure
A. temperature
B. time
C. volume
D. mass
A balance is a scientific tool used to
measure
A. temperature
B. time
C. volume
D. mass
Which unit is an SI base unit?
A. liter
B. cubic meter
C. kilogram
D. centimeter
Which unit is an SI base unit?
A. liter
B. cubic meter
C. kilogram
D. centimeter
The composition of the mixture of gases that
make up our air is best represented by a:
A. pie graph
B. bar graph
C. line graph
D. scatter plot
The composition of the mixture of gases that
make up our air is best represented by a:
A. pie graph
B. bar graph
C. line graph
D. scatter plot
In a controlled experiment,
A. the outcome is controlled
B. one variable remains fixed, and the other
variables are changed
C. you change one variable throughout the
experiment, and the other variables remain
fixed
D. results are obtained by computer models
In a controlled experiment,
A. the outcome is controlled
B. one variable remains fixed, and the other
variables are changed
C. you change one variable throughout the
experiment, and the other variables
remain fixed
D. results are obtained by computer models
Written in scientific notation,
0.000060 s is:
A. 60 s
B. 6.0 x 10-5 s
C. 6.0 x 10-6 s
D. 6.0 x 104 s
Written in scientific notation,
0.000060 s is:
A. 60 s
B. 6.0 x 10-5 s
C. 6.0 x 10-6 s
D. 6.0 x 104 s
When studying a molecule, a chemist
make a model of the molecule to:
A. know the outcome of the experiment
B. help visualize the model
C. measure the mass of the molecule
D. observe the results of a chemical reaction
When studying a molecule, a chemist
make a model of the molecule to:
A. know the outcome of the experiment
B. help visualize the model
C. measure the mass of the molecule
D. observe the results of a chemical reaction
The maximum depth of a certain lake
is 244 m. What is the depth in km?
A. 0.0244 km
B. 0.244 km
C. 24,400 km
D. 244,000 km
Dimensional Analysis work:
244 m x 1 km =
0.244 km
1000 m
The maximum depth of a certain lake
is 244 m. What is the depth in km?
A. 0.0244 km
B. 0.244 km
C. 24,400 km
D. 244,000 km
Do scientific laws ever change?
Explain.
Do scientific laws ever change?
Explain.
Scientific laws can change. They are based on
the results of many experiments and
observations. If a new discovery that cannot
be predicted by a law is confirmed by
repeated experiments, the law may need to
be modified to explain the new discovery.
Explain whether or not scientific methods
are sets of procedures that scientists follow.
Explain whether or not scientific methods
are sets of procedures that scientists follow.
Scientific methods are not exact sets of
procedures that scientists follow. They are
guidelines that describe the process of
finding answers in a scientific way, but the
exact procedures may vary depending on the
questions to be answered.
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
- Which variable is
the dependent
variable?
- Which variable is
the independent
variable?
- Why was this data
presented in a line
graph?
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
Temperature During a Chemical Reaction”
(graph-page 37)
- Which variable is the dependent variable?
Temperature is the dependent variable
because temp. depends on the time and
temperature is on the y-axis.
- Which variable is the independent variable?
Time is the independent variable because it’s
value does not depend on what happens in
the experiment and it is on the x-axis.
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
Temperature During a Chemical Reaction”
(graph-page 37)
- Why was this data presented in a line graph?
A line graph was used because the
temperature changed continuously with
time during the experiment.
Critical Thinking
Applying Ideas:
Today, scientists must search through
scientific journals before performing an
experiment or making methodical
observations. Where would this step take
place in a diagram of scientific methods?
This step would take place in the research
and data collection step.
Critical Thinking
Applying Ideas:
Today, scientists must search through
scientific journals before performing an
experiment or making methodical
observations. Where would this step take
place in a diagram of scientific methods?
Critical Thinking
Evaluating Assumptions
At an air show, you are watching a group of
sky divers when a friend says “We learned in
science class that things fall to Earth
because of the law of gravitation.” What is
wrong with your friend’s statement? Explain
your reasoning.
Evaluating Assumptions
The law of gravitation states that objects fall
to Earth; it even shows how to calculate the
force. It does not explain why.
Applying Concepts
You report that a friend can go exactly 500 m
on a bicyle in 39.46 s. But your stopwatch
runs 2 s fast. Explain how your stopwatch
affects accuracy and precision of your
measurement.
Applying Concepts
You report that a friend can go exactly 500 m
on a bicyle in 39.46 s. But your stopwatch
runs 2 s fast. Explain how your stopwatch
affects accuracy and precision of your
measurement.
Because my stopwatch runs 2 s fast, the time I
measured is not accurate. However, the
stopwatch can measure to one hundredth of
a second, so my measurement is precise.
Graphing Skills
The bar graph below summarizes how a
consumer magazine has rated several
stereos by price and sound quality.
a. Which brand do
you think has the best
sound for the proce?
b. Do you think that
sound quality is truly
related to price?
Explain your answer.
Graphing Skills
a. Which brand do you
think has the best sound
for the price? Walsonic
b. Do you think that sound quality is truly related to price?
Explain your answer. No. If sound quality and price were
equal for all of the companies, then sound quality and
price would be related. The graph shows these two
properties change relative to one another depending on
the company, so sound quality and price are not truly
related.
Pie Graph
The composition of silver solder is 40% Silver,
40% Tin, 14% copper, and 6% zinc. Show this
composition in a pie graph.
Pie Graph
The composition of silver solder is 40% Silver, 40% Tin, 14%
copper, and 6% zinc. Show this composition in a pie graph.
Writing Scientific Notation
Write the following measurements in scientific
notation.
a. 22,000 mg
b. 0.0000037 kg
Writing Scientific Notation
Write the following measurements in scientific
notation.
a. 22,000 mg = 2.2 x 104 mg
b. 0.0000037 kg = 3.7 x 10-6 kg
Using Scientific Notation
Write the answers to the following
calculations in scientific notation.
a. 37,000,000 A x 7,100,000 s
b. 0.000312 m3 / 486 s
Using Scientific Notation
Write the answers to the following
calculations in scientific notation.
a. 37,000,000 A x 7,100,000 s
(3.7 x 107 A)(7.1 x 106 s) = 26.27 x 106+7 A s
= 2.6 x 101 x 1013 (add 1 + 13)
= 2.6 x 1014 A s
Using Scientific Notation
Write the answers to the following
calculations in scientific notation.
b. 0.000312 m3 / 486 s
= 0.000000642
= 6.42 x 10-7 m3/s
Significant Figures
Round the following measurements to the
number of significant figures shown in
parentheses.
a. 7.376 m (2)
b. 362.00306 s (5)
Significant Figures
Round the following measurements to the
number of significant figures shown in
parentheses.
a. 7.376 m (2)
=
7.4 m
b. 362.00306 s (5) = 362.00 s
Significant Figures
Write the answers to the following
calculations. Be sure to use the
correct number of significant
figures.
a. 15.75 m x 8.45 m
b. 5650 L / 27 min.
Significant Figures
Write the answers to the following
calculations. Be sure to use the
correct number of significant
figures.
a. 15.75 m x 8.45 m = 133 m2
b. 5650 L / 27 min. = 210 L/min
How to prepare for tests in physical
science:
● Keep up with daily assignments. Write them
down and complete them.
● If there is not a written assignment, study
what we worked on in class.
● Look over our notes a few minutes each
day, going back to review previous notes.
● Read the chapter. Then, read it again.
● Come in for help before or after school for
help if you feel like you don’t understand
something.