Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Alcohols
Alcohols
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Functional Groups
A group of covalently bonded elements
that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a
unique quality.
Compounds with similar functional groups
will have similar qualities and properties.
Alcohols
•They are organic compounds that are
primarily used as disinfectants.
•Alcohols have the functional group of –OH.
•They have the general formula of R-OH.
Euphemisms in Science
We all know that some politicians and government
spokesmen use certain euphemistic phrases to give an
aura of respectability to descriptions of events or actions
which would be offensive when expressed in plain English.
The following is a list of Euphemisms in Science and their
translations into plain English.
“It is believed that...”
I think!
“It is generally believed that...”
A couple of other guys think so too!
How to Name Alcohols

Alcohols are named by adding the suffix -ol. If
there is more than one hydroxyl group (-OH),
the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that
indicates the number of hydroxyl groups
present (-diol, -triol, etc.).
The position of the hydroxyl group on the
parent chain is indicated by placing the number
corresponding to the location on the parent
chain directly in front of the base name.
How to Name Alcohols
The hydroxyl group takes precedence over alkyl
groups and halogen substituents, as well as double
bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain.
If there is a choice in numbering after these rules
are followed, the parent chain is numbered to give
the substituents the lowest number.
Examples of Naming Alcohols
A Primary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to an end carbon that is
attached to 1 other carbon)
Ethanol – drinking alcohol
Examples of Naming Alcohols
A Secondary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to a middle carbon that
has 2 other carbon bonds)
2-propanol
Examples of Naming Alcohols
A Tertiary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to a middle carbon that has 3 other
carbon bonds)
1,1-dimethylethanol (no)
2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-methylpropane-1-ol
More Examples of Naming Alcohols
1,2,3-propantriol
Propane-1,2,3-triol
benzenol
phenol
Familiar Saying
Where there are visible vapors from ignited
carbonaceous materials, there is
conflagration.
Where there is smoke, there is fire!
Alcohols
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Exit Quiz: Alcohols
Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Ethers
Ethers
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from
Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!
Hint #6. If you can't get the answer in the
usual manner, start at the answer and
derive the question.
Ethers
•They are organic compounds that are
primarily used as anesthetics.
•Ethers have the functional group of –O– in the
middle of the carbon chain.
•They have the general formula of R-O-R’.
Examples of Naming Ethers
1. Name the chains as alkyl groups
2. Put them in alphabetical order
3. End with ether.
Examples of Naming Ethers
1. Name the chains as an alkyl groups
2. Put them in alphabetical order
3. (ethyl, can’t be propyl, why?)
4. (at 1 and 1 there are methyl groups)
5. End with ether.
6. 1,1-dimethyl ethylmethyl ether
Ethers
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Murphy's Laws
of
Science and Technology
To err is human, but to really foul things up
requires a computer.
Exit Quiz: Ethers
Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Organic Acids
Functional Groups
A group of covalently bonded elements
that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a
unique quality.
Compounds with similar functional groups
will have similar qualities and properties.
Organic Acids
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Organic Acids
•They are an organic compound that is
primarily used as protection for fruits and
vegetables.
•Organic acids have the functional group of
–COOH on the end of the carbon chain. This
is called the carboxyl group.
•They have the general formula of R-COOH.
Examples of Naming Organic Acids
1. Name the R chain and include the
C of the carboxyl group
2. End with –oic acid
Examples of Naming Organic Acids
1. Name the R chain and include the C
of the carboxyl group (methane)
2. End with –oic acid
3. methanoic acid
Chemical Compound Quiz
Acetylsalicylic acid helps cure aches and pains.
What is the common name?
Aspirin
Organic Acids
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Exit Quiz: Carboxylic Acids
Ethanoic acid
O
||
HO-C-C=O
|
OH
What’s the formula?
Is it like HC2H3O2?
Acetic acid!!
ethane-1,2-dioic acid
or
ethandioic acid
Little Known Phobias!
Edifice Complex
Fear of tall buildings
Exit Quiz: Carboxylic Acids
2-methylpropanoic acid
Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Ketones
Familiar Saying
Similar sire, similar scion.
Like father, like son!!
Ketones
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Ketones
•These are organic compounds that are
primarily used as solvents.
•Ketones have the functional group of =O
somewhere in the middle of the carbon chain.
Examples of Naming Ketones
1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.
2. End with –one.
3. Give the number of the carbon to
which the ketone group is attached.
4. 2-propanone
5. Common name – acetone.
Ketones
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
The Scientific Method
begins with
Questions about the World Around You.
Ever Wonder Why?...
teflon sticks to the pan in the first place?
Examples of Naming Ketones
1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.
2. End with –one.
3. Give the number of the carbon to which the
ketone group is attached.
4. 4-methyl-2-pentanone
Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Aldehydes
•These are organic compounds that are
primarily used as preservatives.
•Aldehydes have the functional group of =O
on the end of the carbon chain.
Examples of Naming Aldehydes
1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.
2. End with –al.
3. methanal
4. Common name – formaldehyde.
Examples of Naming Aldehydes
1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.
2. End with –al.
3. benzenal (benzaldehyde)
Familiar Saying
You cannot estimate the value of the
contents of a bound, printed narrative or
record from its exterior vesture.
You can’t tell a book by its cover!
Aldehydes
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Exit Quiz of Drawing
Aldehydes:
4-ethylhexanal
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH=O
|
CH3-CH2
Exit Quiz of Naming
Aldehydes:
C-C-C-C-C-C=O
|
C-C-C
2-propylhexanal
Happy Birthday Dirge
Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday,
Gloom and doom and dark despair
People dying everywhere.
Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday!
Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Esters
Esters
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
7th Grade Science Answers
"Artifical insemination is when the farmer does it to the
cow instead of the bull."
Esters
•These are organic compounds that are
primarily used as flavorings.
•Esters have the functional group of OC=O in
the middle of the carbon chain.
Examples of Naming Esters
1. The carbon chain with the double
bonded O is named last and gets
the –oate ending.
2. The other chain is named as a alkyl
group.
3. methylethanoate.
Examples of Naming Esters
1. The carbon chain with the double bonded O is
named last and gets the –oate ending.
2. propanoate
3. The other chain is named as a alkyl group.
4. phenyl
5. phenylpropanoate
Esters
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Exit Quiz for Naming
Esters:
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O-CH2-CH2-CH3
|
||
CH3
O
propyl-4-methylhexanoate
A.P. TEST IN BIOLOGY
Create life. Estimate the differences in
subsequent human culture if this form of life had
been developed 500 million years ago, with
special attention to the probable effect on the
English Parliamentary system. Prove your
hypothesis.
Exit Quiz for Drawing
Esters:
methyl-4-ethylhexanoate
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O-CH3
|
||
CH3-CH2
O
Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Amines
Amines
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Amines
•These are organic compounds that are primarily
used as part of amino acids for proteins and
fertilizer.
•Amines have the functional group of -N on the
end of the carbon chain as a primary amine
•Secondary amines have 2 carbon chains
attached to the –N- and ternary amines have 3.
•Name each R group as an alkyl group in
alphabetical order
Examples of Naming Amines
butylethylamine
Amines
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Examples of Naming Amines
phenylamine
aniline/
aminobenzene
ethylmethylphenylamine
Exit Quiz for Naming
Amines:
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-CH3
|
CH3
3-methylpentylpropylamine
Examples of Drawing
Amines:
2-ethylbutylamine
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-NH2
|
CH3-CH2
Familiar Saying
Male cadavers are incapable of yielding any
testimony.
Dead men tell no tales!!