ASCRC Annual Report 2013 -2014 Summary This report describes the activities of the ASCRC for AY 2013-2014. The Chairs of the General Education Committee, Nadia White and the Writing Committee, Beverly Chin will report as needed. The committee was under-staffed with open positions for three faculty, representing the humanities and sciences, as well as three student representatives. More than 150 curriculum submissions were reviewed as part of the regular Fall review and some exceptions reviewed in the Spring. Among the new policies and procedures considered, key accomplishments included Replacement of the WPA with a university-wide writing program assessment, Clarification of the general education language requirement, Initiation of review of dual credit offerings with an eye toward formalizing procedures for dual credit course implementation, Revision of English language proficiency requirements and academic support, Procedures guiding rubric creation and defining expected effort per credit hour awarded. Membership Faculty Colin Henderson (Chair) DeBoer, John (Chair-elect) Gillison, Linda Tully Thibeau Nikolaus Vonessen G.G. Weix Tim Manuel Ebo Uchimoto Linda Eagle-Heart Sue Samson Department Missoula College AAS Theatre & Dance Modern & Classical Languages Linguistics Mathematics Anthropology Accounting (fall only) Physics & Astronomy Missoula College AAS Mansfield Library Term 2013 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 2014 Students Kamalashri Easwaramurthi Mark Triana Ex-Officio Joe Hickman Beth Howard Nancy Hinman Jasmine Zink Interim Registrar Interim Director, Office for Student Success Interim Associate Provost Academic Policy Manager Curriculum Annual Curriculum Review. This was the first year e-Curr was used for course forms. For 1 the most part the new electronic system was well received. There was some confusion with departments saving forms but not submitting them. Some requesters did not track the forms to assure they were approved and some email notifications were found in junk email folders. An Associate Dean was on leave so forms for that College had to be rerouted. Unfortunately there is not support to create the other forms in e-Curr. It was also discovered that course data from e-Curr cannot be electronically imported into other reports needed by the registrar and Provost’s office. Consequently, e-Curr will be replaced in the near future by different software. The Registrar’s Office is working with IT to research a workflow system that will integrate with Banner to eliminate the manual data entry. ASCRC acted on 145 curriculum forms. Among the total were 39 new courses, 8 course deletions, 12 new general education designations, 41 program modifications, and 10 level I proposals. Five service learning designations were renewed. The Writing Committee reviewed existing writing courses in Humanities and Fine Arts in accordance with the Writing Course Review Procedure (202.50.1), renewing approval for16 approved writing courses and 22 upper-division writing courses. One-time-only general education designations were approved for 7 Global Leadership seminars and 3 experimental courses. With its recommendation for approval of the GLI courses,the General Education Committee submitted a document summarizing the difficulties with requiring the Global Leadership Seminars to fit within a general education group. The document was presented to the Faculty Senate as information on December 5th after an update from the Global Leadership Taskforce. The General Education Committee completed its rolling review of Mathematics, Historical and Cultural, and Natural Science courses begun in Spring 2013 (202.40). This spring the General Education committee initiated the review of Literary and Artistic Studies, American and European, and Indigenous and Global courses. Level I changes reviewed by the committee were: Native American Studies; Language Rejuvenation & Maintenance Certificate Forest Operations; New title for option, simplify requirements Wildland Restoration Minor; Rename and Change course listings Wildland Restoration BS; Rename and Change Course Listings Parks, Tourism and Recreation Management; Drop options and create tracks Missoula College; Applied Computing & Electronics, Network and Information Security Certificate Management & Marketing; Sustainable Business Strategy Certificate Journalism, New Minor Tier 1 Welding Certificate of Completion (Missoula College and Bitterroot College 2 Curriculum Consent agendas were presented to the Faculty Senate starting at the November 14th meeting. Following the Fall review, ASCRC elected to assign future curriculum requests from the Department of Health and Human Performance to the Forestry and Biomedical Subcommittee due to the content of the courses. Spring Curriculum Review Items. Several requests for exception to the normal fall timeline were accepted, resulting in the following actions. Six new Mansfield Center Defense Critical Language courses were approved after the syllabi were revised. Several members of ASCRC visited the off -campus program on March 18th. The visit included a primer on the facilities, offerings, and funding structure. The program is projected to graduate 1352 at the end of this grant year. Changes to course prerequisites in Communication Studies and Political Science were approved by request from the departments upon discovery that changes could no longer be made editorially to the course schedule. The summer offering of PHL241 N History and Philosophy of Science and BIOH 470 Summer Clinical Laboratory, BIOH 471 Professional Training I, and BIOH 472 Professional Training II were approved. Procedure and Policy Review items Writing Assessment Motion. The motion to end the Upper Division Writing Proficiency Assessment, effective October 10, 2013, and to implement a University-wide Program-level Assessment of Student Writing Proficiency in Approved Writing Courses, effective October 10, 2013 was approved at the October 10th Faculty Senate meeting. General Education Language Motion. The motion “Effective fall, 2015, undergraduate students must fulfill the general education modern and classical language requirement (and cannot use a symbolic-systems exception to this requirement) unless they are enrolled in a program of study requiring over 48 credits for a first baccalaureate degree. “ was introduced at the Faculty Senate November 14th, it was postponed at the December 5th meeting, and approved at the February 13th meeting Group III catalog language was included as information. Senators received email communications from the Anthropology and Forestry and the ASUM leadership indicated students were not in favor of the motion. ASCRC invited ASUM leadership to the 2/11/14 meeting to discuss concerns. ASCRC also drafted a response for senators. Dormant course report. Assistant Registrar Holzworth prepared the dormant course report. Department chairs were notified that the courses had not been offered in three years and would be removed from the catalog unless a rationale was provided to retain the course. The rationale 3 was included on the report for those courses. The report also went to the Faculty Senate as information for senators to take back to their units in case a course had been missed. Senators were instructed to contact the Registrar’s Office. Experimental course report. Camie sent notice to department chairs regarding experimental courses offered three times. Some of the courses in the report are in the schedule for next fall. ASCRC briefly reviewed these and instructed the Registrar’s Office to remove the courses from the schedule. The departments were informed of the decision prior to course removal. The procedure should be updated to include this step, since there is no mechanism to automatically track the number of offerings. ASCRC approved the request for an exception to allow EDU 491 Classroom Management and Field Experience to be offered a fifth time. Review of Dual Credit Course Data. The Committee reviewed the dual listed course data (see appendix 1). The majority of courses are English and Math. Instructors teaching the courses must meet university standards same as adjunct instructors and the curriculum must match the college course. Instructors must be certified to teach high school. Students pay an additional $50 for the course. The Missoula College is under pressure to create 200 level courses. There are still questions and concerns with how dual credit is administered. The committee would like to review an annual report given the pressure to increase the offerings. A procedure should be drafted next year. Pre-CCN Course numbering. ASCRC agreed that the pre-CCN course numbers currently listed in the catalog after course numbers in parenthesis should be eliminated. Prerequisite Enforcement. Prerequisites will be enforced fall 2014. There are currently 240 that required prerequisite clarification. The Registrar’s Office is working with departments to clarify enforceable prerequisites. New Policies/ Procedures. Rubric Procedure is listed in Appendix 2. Course credit policy is listed in Appendix 3. Annual Review of Policies. The annual review of policies eliminated several that duplicated existing catalog language. The remaining polices that were reviewed, and the changes made are listed below: 201.00 Curriculum Review Overview -revised due to e-Curr 201.30.5 Crosslisting –revised by ad hoc subcommittee of ECOS to incorporated Common Course Numbering (4/10/13) All programs will need to submit forms to renew cross-listing designations next fall. (see Appendix 4) 201.90 Special Topics - revised to address permanent topic courses 202.60 UDWPA Appeals Subcommittee – delete 203.10 AP / Clep Credit Policy – revised, will be presented to the Faculty Senate next fall 203.20 Credit Max - delete: duplicates catalog language 203.30 Declaration of a Major - delete: duplicates catalog language 203.40 Drop Add Policy - delete: duplicates catalog language 203.80 Minors Policy - revise: remove catalog language 4 Revised Learning Outcomes language on the eCurr form Pending There has been an increase in graduation appeals in a number of categories. It may be necessary to create a list of acceptable substitutions for these cases and make recommendations to ASCRC. The Graduation Appeals Committee will consider whether revisions are needed for 203.50. Options Clarification Letter. A letter clarifying that an option is on a student’s transcript and specializations or advising tracks are not. Faculty should be consistent in how they use the terms to reduce confusion for students. The letter was an information item at the April Faculty Senate meeting and was sent to all Faculty members by the Provost’s Office. (See Appendix 5) English Proficiency policy. ASCRC discussed concerns regarding non-native English speaking students understanding of English as well as oral proficiency. Support service information for international students was removed from the admissions section of the catalog in 2008. ASCRC met with Director of International Programs Paulo Zagalo-Melo – Office of International Programs, Effie Koehn –Foreign Student Scholars Services 2-18-14 to discuss various issues. A workgroup was established to create a policy / procedure to best serve students. The revised policy increases the minimum TOEFL scores for full admission and better defines the support services. The revised policy was presented at the April 10th Faculty Senate meeting (see appendix 6) Other Communication / Discussion Items Demonstration of UM 101 (10/8/13). Shannon Jansen an Undergraduate Academic Advisor in the Office for Student Success provided a brief demonstration of UM 101. It has a similar design to MOOCs and addresses some of the problem issues students on academic probation have identified. It is a pilot project this year with the goal of helping first-year students’ transition to college and become academically engaged. Moodle provides a secure environment for students to blog and chat. The course is 19 weeks and starts three weeks before classes start (the schedule is appended). It has four dynamic learning categories (Academics, Student Services, Social Weekly Challenge, and the Basics). Students self-select categories. The portal for parents, staff, and faculty has identical course information with one additional category (Supporting Your Student). Greening UM Courses. At the recommendation of the Sustainable Campus Committee, Robert Squires, Director of Instructional Design & Technical Support gave a presentation on the idea of 5 greening UM courses. The idea is to have faculty self-evaluate the extent to which their course can be considered ‘green’ by completing an online checklist. Faculty members are then awarded a badge that can be placed on their course. The primary purpose of the self-evaluation is to raise awareness of how everyone’s actions can make a difference. The focus of the self-evaluation is not course content. ASCRC is charged with the study of undergraduate academic standards and curriculum, so the Committee did not feel it was the right body to collaborate on the project. Degree builder. Loey Knapp, the Information Technology Strategist and Interim Registrar Hickman provided a demonstration and status report on Degree Builder. It will provide a single source of data that can eventually feed into a degree audit system. Information Literacy. There have been anecdotal reports that some students do not have the skills to do research in upper-division courses. The Library teaches over 450 classes to 8,000 students each year. The library liaisons also work with instructor to integrate information literacy into courses. Information literacy is a requirement for all approved Writing courses. ASCRC informed the Senate of the experimental upper-division ad-on course: (LSCI 391) Literacies Advanced Research (see Appendix 7). Efforts to work on the issue will continue next year. Some suggestions included Early Alert. In response to the discussion at ASCRC the Office worked on enhancements to the current Early Alert system. These should be available next fall. faculty can indicate that they use a mechanism for providing students with feedback independent from the “Early Alert” system, faculty can tie the notification to organization of the course implementation via multiple channels including Moodle, Ad hoc reports throughout the semester, and provides feedback on multiple parameters, such as attendance, performance, etc. The enhanced system should be available next fall. ASCRC suggested that a demonstration be given at the September Faculty Senate meeting. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Appendices Appendix 1 Dual Credit Statistics Students Enrolled* 201070 201130 201170 201230 201270 201330 201370 201430 272 41 396 45 329 83 386 156 6 Students with Enrollment Pending Credits Attempted Average GPA** Number of students who matriculated to UM/MC*** Pending enrollment credits attempted N/A 1010 3.25 N/A 126 3.51 N/A 1462 3.12 N/A 135 3.09 N/A 1330 3.21 N/A 259 3.25 N/A 1474 3.24† 49 523 N/A 151 29 210 34 159 51 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 185 *Students Enrolled does not include students who were cancelled or back dropped. **Average GPA does not include any students who withdrew. ***Students may be counted in more than one semester. † The majority of grades are not in for this semester. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Apendix 2 Procedure Number: Procedure: Date Adopted: Last Revision: Approved by: 201.75 Rubric Creation Process and Criteria 2/13/14 2/13/14 Faculty Senate Background Adopting a common course numbering system across the Montana University System created the need for a mechanism to monitor the creation of new rubrics for courses. Process 1. Units propose new rubrics to the campus curriculum committees on program modification forms. The proposal should note whether the rubric is proposed for use at the campus-only or Montana University System Level. 2. After review and approval the curriculum committee will submit a summary of program modifications to the Faculty Senate for vote. 3. Once approved the recommended rubric is forwarded to OCHE for inclusion in the common course numbering matrix to be used throughout the MUS. Rubric Criteria A new rubric must meet the following criteria: 1. The courses do not fit in any existing rubrics at the campus or MUS level. 7 2. 3. 4. 5. The rubric is distinct from existing rubrics. It offers a unique and attractive opportunity for study that will promote the University. It is organized around a clear, coherent, and focused area of study. It will be recognizeable and meaningful outside of the campus environment. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Appendix 3 Procedure Number: Procedure: Date Adopted: Last Revision: References: Approved by: 201.35 Credit Hour Definitions 4/15/14 4/15/14 ASCRC Procedure 201.40, 201.55, BOR Policy 303.3, 309.1, Code of Federal Regulations 34 (C.F.R.) 600.2 ASCRC, Graduate Council, Faculty Senate Definition of Credit Hour Credits for all coursework completed at the University of Montana shall be awarded in accordance with the Department of Education's regulations as set forth in 34 C.F.R. § 600.2. Credits awarded for short courses and workshops shall comply with ASCRC procedure 201.40 and BOR policy 309.1. Laboratory work, internships, practica, studio work, and similar activities shall be awarded 1 credit for 2 hours of organized activity per week. Evaluation of Compliance Compliance with the federal credit-hour policy is evaluated when a course is proposed, when a course is changed, and as part of regular program review. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Appendix 4 Procedure Number: Procedure: Date Adopted: Last Revision: Approved by: 201.30.5 Crosslisting 11/26/85 4/8/14 Faculty Senate To qualify for consideration for cross listing, all courses must: be requested by both departments or programs; count as credit toward an existing major, minor, or certificate program; not be experimental or have a reserved variable content course number (x90-X99) carry the same title (both parent and sibling courses) and, if possible, carry the same course number; be implemented within comparable course levels, e.g., (U), (UG), or (G); be offered under an existing rubric. 8 A course may have three cross listings only under extenuating circumstances. Under no circumstances will a course be cross listed under more than three rubrics. Only the parent (CCN) course number will show on the student’s transcript. Rationale: Cross listing serves UM students by providing easy access to a wide range of courses. It fosters the University’s commitment to interdisciplinarity and enhances small programs by promoting their classes. However, it is expensive to maintain. Thus, departments requesting courses to be cross listed must provide a justification that addresses the following: Identify external requirement and provide documentation. Explain why only cross-listing this course serves the need for delivering academic content. Identify how both the parent and sibling units contribute to the cross-listed course’s content and how cross listing contributes to the respective units’ missions of serving students Identify additional reasons for cross listing such as a specialized need for advertising to prospective students, sharing resources across departments (equipment, space, instructors, etc.), or mutual contribution to course content. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Appendix 5 MEMORANDUM DATE: March 4, 2014 TO: Department Chairs and Program Directors FROM: ASCRC SUBJECT: Clarification of “options” and other terms There are currently a variety of terms used interchangeably in the catalog to describe areas of study within majors (e.g. concentration, option, track, specialization, focus area, etc.). The term Option, in particular, is a reserved term defined by BOR policy (303.1); other terms are used inconsistently with the potential to confuse students about the actual degree/minor/option that will appear (or not) on their transcript. To ensure that students are advised appropriately and to conform with Board of Regents’ policy, ASCRC has prepared the following clarification of the correct use of such terms. Options Options must be approved by ASCRC and the BOR. They are listed in the MUS Academic Inventory and the University of Montana’s degrees and majors inventory. 9 o Any changes to the option (deletion, renaming) must also be approved by the BOR. o Any new options or significant changes (including termination) require submission of a Level I form. o Minor changes to options require program modification forms. o The number of graduates in each option can be tracked and is reported to the BOR every seven years as part of program review. Options appear on the student’s transcript. The Board of Regents defines an option as: …. a core of required courses in the program plus required and/or elective courses in the specialty area indicated by the title of the option. The core of required courses must constitute at least one-third of the hours required for the program. (BOR policy 303.1) Other terms: Advising Tracks, Specializations, Areas of Study, etc. Are not submitted for approval by the BOR o Any changes made to these advising tracks do not require BOR approval. Do not appear on the student’s transcript o Often, a program will have ways of organizing coursework that allows students to focus on a particular area of study. If such a track has not been formalized as an option, it should be very clear to students that it will not appear on their transcript. We appreciate your help in alleviating the confusion surrounding these terms. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Appendix 6 English Language Proficiency Requirements for Admission of International Students as Undergraduates [To be implemented for students enrolling Academic Year 2015-2016] Montana University System campuses require international-student applicants to present evidence of proficient English use. Campuses may impose additional requirements on applicants from other countries in order to assure student success. The University of Montana considers applicants to be international students if they are neither U.S. citizens, immigrants (permanent residents) nor refugees. These applicants may include holders of F (student) visas, J (exchange visitor) visas, and M (vocational training) visas. All international students must be academically prepared and demonstrate sufficient proficiency in English to qualify for admission. In order to demonstrate sufficient proficiency, students must meet one of the following admissions standards at the undergraduate level (see TABLE 1): 10 TABLE 1 Proficiency Examination TOEFL iBT TOEFL PBT TOEFL CBT IELTS MELAB SAT - Writing Score ACT - English Writing STEP EIKEN UM English Language Institute Full Admission Conditional Admission 70 and above 525 and above 192 and above 6.0 and above 74 and above Any grade or score below the 440 and above levels indicated for Full 18 and above Grade Pre-1 525 TOEFL ITP or recommendation from ELI ELS Language Center Successful completion of Program Level 112 Kaplan Aspect Successful completion of Higher Intermediate Level 112 Vancouver English Centre Successful completion of Level 11 All inquiries about evidence of English proficiency and English language proficiency test scores should be directed to Enrollment Services-Admissions. EXEMPTIONS Exemptions to the English proficiency policy may be considered for any one of these grounds: an applicant is a native speaker of English, an applicant has attended for two or more years an institution of higher education where English functions as the primary language of classroom instruction, or an applicant has transferred a course-equivalent for WRIT 101. FULL ADMISSION The University of Montana will consider for full admission only those undergraduate students providing evidence of English proficiency in the form of one of the scores listed in TABLE 1. Full Admission with Academic Support: Undergraduate applicants qualify for full admission with academic support if they have (i) completed one of the following proficiency examinations (either TOEFL, IELTS, or MELAB) and (ii) earned Intermediate or Advanced Proficiency scores within ranges presented in TABLE 2: TABLE 2 – Proficiency Ranges for Academic Support Proficiency Exam Superior Proficiency Advanced Proficiency iBT TOEFL 92 or higher 81 to 91 PBT TOEFL 575 or higher 550 to 574 CBT TOEFL. 234 or higher 213 to 233 11 Intermediate Proficiency 70 to 80 525 to 549 192 to 212 IELTS 7.0 6.5 6.0 MELAB 83 or higher 78 to 82 74 to 77 All inquiries about evidence of English proficiency and English language proficiency test scores should be directed to Enrollment Services-Admissions. Any student scoring in advanced or intermediate proficiency ranges are strongly recommended to enroll in academic-support service courses. • During their first semester of attendance, advanced-proficiency students may take 3 but no more than 6 credits of English as an Academic Second Language (EASL) coursework. • During their first two semesters in attendance, intermediate-proficiency students may take 6 but no more than 12 credits of EASL coursework. Academic Support coursework entails EASL courses, credited toward a degree. The University offers EASL 250 and 251 (intermediate) as well as 450 and 451 (advanced) in order to assist international students in becoming ready for and effective in mainstream college coursework. See http://www.umt.edu/catalog/cat/cas/linguist.html. CONDITIONAL ADMISSION Students who do not meet the required English language proficiency for full admission but are otherwise academically qualified may seek eligibility for conditional admission. Students submit international applications and all required supporting documents to the Admissions Office, and upon a review of their academic eligibility, these students may then be admitted conditionally. Enrollment Services issues the conditional-acceptance letter and an I-20 form and then forwards this information to the English Language Institute. Summary: Proficiency scores help determine full admission; scores below superior proficiency compel explicit guidance be given to fully admitted international students; they are encouraged to take one or more courses that support academic English uses and also count for degree credit. Justification: Scores below the threshold of full admission indicate a pre-emergent proficiency for academic purposes; scores above the full-admission threshold indicate emerging proficiency for academic purposes, thus meeting a standard including recommendation that support is vital to the extent that emerging proficiency is intermediate or advanced. Emergent students may enroll in a program of study delivering academic support that respects timely paths to degree, reflects most universities' admissions standards, and sets a ceiling near those of prestigious ones. It is recommended, (i) this policy be revisited for review and revision to respond to developments, (ii) a new admission deadline for international-student applications be changed to 15 May 2015 for Academic Year 2015-2016, and (iii) ASCRC coordinate these recommendations for setting this undergraduate international-student standard with Graduate Council in order to calibrate it with the graduate international-student standard. 12 …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Appendix 8 ASCRC Statement of Support for Advanced Research Literacies, LSCI 391 ASCRC strongly recommends LSCI 391, Advanced Research Literacies, as a complementary and collaborative class in support of required upper-division writing classes. LSCI 391 is a 1-credit class designed to develop an advanced understanding of critical literacies and lifelong information- seeking skills. This class will be offered beginning fall semester 2014. It will also be shared with the Writing Committee for further discussion about how to best incorporate information literacy into upper-division Writing classes. Class Description The ability to locate, evaluate and use information effectively and ethically is essential. In this course students will develop an advanced understanding of critical literacies and lifelong information seeking skills. Students are encouraged to take this course as a complement to “W” designated courses in their major. Students will complete an in-depth literature review relevant to their major that includes all aspects of information literacy, including visual literacy, media literacy, news literacy, and scholarly communication literacy. Students will hone their abilities in critical thinking, resource analysis, and the ethical and appropriate use of information through an in-depth analysis of publication practices. Learning Outcomes · Construct an original argument, position or question based on research findings and/or analysis and interpretation of texts within their historical and cultural contexts. · Complete a literature review. o Implement a research strategy appropriate to research need. o Recognize the value of original scholarship; o Compare and contrast research from various sources to create an holistic analysis of a topic. o Identify gaps in research findings and modify research strategies accordingly. · Apply discipline-specific understanding and style guide to research productions. o Describe key discipline-specific information resources and how they are organized and used. o Construct advanced searches using controlled vocabularies and Boolean operators. o Execute cited reference searches. o Recognize and explain the value of tracking citations forward and backward. · Document and organize personal research process and information sources. · Understand the economic, legal, political, and socio-economic impacts on information access and use (e.g., censorship, constraints, costs, funded research, policies, scholarship). 13 …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Appendix 8 ASCRC Statement of Support for Advanced Research Literacies, LSCI 391 ASCRC strongly recommends LSCI 391, Advanced Research Literacies, as a complementary and collaborative class in support of required upper-division writing classes. LSCI 391 is a 1-credit class designed to develop an advanced understanding of critical literacies and lifelong information- seeking skills. This class will be offered beginning fall semester 2014. It will also be shared with the Writing Committee for further discussion about how to best incorporate information literacy into upper-division Writing classes. Class Description The ability to locate, evaluate and use information effectively and ethically is essential. In this course students will develop an advanced understanding of critical literacies and lifelong information seeking skills. Students are encouraged to take this course as a complement to “W” designated courses in their major. Students will complete an in-depth literature review relevant to their major that includes all aspects of information literacy, including visual literacy, media literacy, news literacy, and scholarly communication literacy. Students will hone their abilities in critical thinking, resource analysis, and the ethical and appropriate use of information through an in-depth analysis of publication practices. Learning Outcomes · Construct an original argument, position or question based on research findings and/or analysis and interpretation of texts within their historical and cultural contexts. · Complete a literature review. o Implement a research strategy appropriate to research need. o Recognize the value of original scholarship; o Compare and contrast research from various sources to create an holistic analysis of a topic. o Identify gaps in research findings and modify research strategies accordingly. · Apply discipline-specific understanding and style guide to research productions. o Describe key discipline-specific information resources and how they are organized and used. o Construct advanced searches using controlled vocabularies and Boolean operators. o Execute cited reference searches. o Recognize and explain the value of tracking citations forward and backward. · Document and organize personal research process and information sources. · Understand the economic, legal, political, and socio-economic impacts on information access and use (e.g., censorship, constraints, costs, funded research, policies, scholarship). 14 15