Recherches et Innovations
en Egypte
A little bit of history
Strategies for research and
innovation in Egypt
The situation in Alexandria
University
A little bit of history
Strategies for research and
innovation in Egypt
The situation in Alexandria
University
Higher Education in Egypt may be considered the oldest education
system in the world. The world’s highest educational ranking was
granted from Oun educational institution established in the second
millennium BC, North-East of Cairo.
The following millennium witnessed the movement of the center of
education to Alexandria, about 300 years BC.
Al-Azhar, an Islamic establishment for well over one thousand years
(established in 975 AC), was primarily dedicated for teaching Islamic
religion topics, and studying the holy Quran. It took about seventeen
years to build Al-Azhar mosque (971 – 988 AC), which was used then
as the premises of the educational establishment.
Modern Egyptian education, however, started in the time of
Mohamed Ali Pasha (1798 AC) when he established many schools for
Engineering, Medicine, Law, … etc. At that time, distinguished
graduates were sent to Western Europe, in particular to France, to
pursue higher education. Upon their return, they helped a great deal
to advance the education system in Egypt.
In 1908 a national university was
established in Egypt. Later in 1925, this
national university was merged into a
public university, and later in 1940 was
named after the king of Egypt at that
time, Fouad El-Awal. In 1953 after the
revolution it was named Cairo
University. The number of universities
kept increasing ever since.
Research and Publishing
The general environment in the majority of universities does not
foster research productivity or innovation by staff members. The
main incentive for the majority of faculty members to initiate and
publish research is to fulfill the requirements for promotion rather
than to produce quality and innovative research.
Inadequate equipment and testing facilities, limited funds
allocated for research by the university, absence of remuneration
for conducting the research, and the deficiency in the relationship
between industrial enterprises and universities to support
research are among the factors affecting the quality and quantity
of research produced by Egyptian universities.
Quality research work cited internationally from Egyptian
universities is relatively low and disproportionate to the large
number of faculty members working in Egyptian universities.
A little bit of history
Strategies for research and
innovation in Egypt
The situation in Alexandria
University
Challenges
Cycle of Innovation
Indirect Experience Gained through
International Cooperation
Knowledge
Based Economy
Direct Impact of International
Cooperation
Products
Prototypes
S&T Role in
Knowledge
Based
Community
Patents
Publications
Scientific
Research
Current Status of Scientific
Research
S&T Research not Involving International
Cooperation
Complete Cycle for
Innovation
–Basic Sciences
–Applied Research
–Technology
–Development
Papers
Patents
Prototypes
Products
• 4Ps Papers Patents Prototypes
Products
Challenges
Blooming Biotech
South Korea
China
India
1991
2002
Brazil
South Africa
Cuba
Egypt
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Chart of Papers in Biotechnology in Developing Countries
Challenges
India
South Korea
China
Brazil
Cuba
South Africa
Egypt
Chart of Patents in Biotechnology in Developing Countries
Egypt: Current Status
• Absence of a National Strategy for S&T
• We in Egypt realize that we need to
advance in our S&T applications
• New S&T Plan
• International Cooperation is a
cornerstone of our plan: Science
Decade
Human Resources
in Science in Egypt
• The human resources in S&T in Egypt
consists of 98 000 scientists working in S&T
• 70 000 are working in Universities and its
research facilities representing 73.5% of the
total scientific human resources.
• 15 000 working in Industry representing
14.7%,
• 13 000 working in Research Institutions
representing 12.7%.
• This actually represents a sizable scientific
base that we intend to strengthen.
17
Science and Technology
Development Fund
• Funding scientific research and technology
development in Egypt;
• Providing an oversight on the complete cycle
of innovation;
• Continuously assessing S&T in Egypt;
• Disseminating information on S&T in Egypt;
and
• Developing and strengthening innovative
capacity.
STDF Action Plan
Research
Grants
Young
Researcher
Reintegration
Basic &
Applied
• Any researcher/
group
working in Egypt
a Ph.D. from a reputable Uni.
of researchers
• 3 Years
• 3 Years
• 2 Years
• L.E 500,000
• L.E 750,000
• L.E 1,000,000
- Landscape for R&D community - Brain Gain
- Landscape for R&D
- Strengthening R&D
community
- Capacity building
community
- Capacity building
- Prevent brain drain
•Young Researchers
•Young Researchers holding
Organizational Structure
Projects’
Selection
Committee
Executive
Director
Planning &
Monitoring
Finance
Funds
Planning
Projects
Impact
Assessment
Programs
Innovation
Projects
Young
Researchers
Venture
Capitals
Reintegration
Emerging
Companies
Innovation
Support
INCO
Partnership
Banks
Technical
Evaluation
Committee (TEC)
National
Partnership
S&T Observatory
Admin
Information
Dissemination
Basic & Applied
Research
PartnershipINCO
Projects
National
Technical Assistance (Information Technology)
National Trends: Eligible Proposals
per Field of Science
Eligible proposals per Field of Science
1%
5%
19%
Basic Sciences
Materials
9%
Engineering
16%
Agriculture
Medical sciences
4%
15%
Pharmaceuticals &
chemistry
ICT
31%
Humanities
R&D Investment Pattern
Required Budget per Field of Science
1%
5%
10%
19%
12%
Basic Sciences
Materials
Engineering
Agriculture Sciences
Medical Sciences
4%
15%
Pharmaceuticals/ Chemistry
ICT
Humanities
34%
Total Required Budget: L.E 188,000,000
Funding
• Public Funding for Basic Science
• Private Sector Fund Applied Science
• Venture Capitalists Fund Technology
• Investment Banks Fund Development
Role of Government
• Governing System Conducive for
Research and Development
• Fund Basic Research
• Encourage Private Sector Investment
in Science and Technology
• Encourage Universities to act as
Incubators
• Promote Centers of Excellence
Misr El-Kheir
What is Misr El-Kheir?
What Does It Do?
• MEK is an Egyptian Non Governmental Organization
• MEK aims at developing and empowering the Egyptian
Society to reach a favorable level of quality of life
• MEK focuses on “investing” in five main sectors:
– Health
– Education
– Scientific Research
– Social Solidarity
– Aspects of Life
In this regards, MEK seeks the cooperation an collaboration
with active players in the civil society through a strong and
true
Why Does MEK Supports
Scientific Research?
• Facts:
o R&D, hence innovation, is the way to improve any
society’s well-being
o Egypt would need to spend 10 times its current R&D
expenditure (as % of GDP) and 3 times its current
engineers and scientists to join innovative and
developed countries. THERE IS PLENTY OF ROOM
FOR ALL ENTITIES TO CONTRIBUTE!
MEK Strategic Objectives
• Inspiring young scientists and researchers
• Fostering a culture of rewarding R&D (conveying
the message that the public appreciates what
researchers do)
• Promoting and supporting cutting-edge research in
vital disciplines through strategic partnerships and,
in selective cases, providing direct funding to
leading researchers
A little bit of history
Strategies for research and
innovation in Egypt
The situation in Alexandria
University
Faculties and Institutes
• High Institute of Public Health
• Medical Research Institute
• Institute of Graduate Studies &
Research
• Faculty of Arts
• Faculty of Law
• Faculty of Commerce
• Faculty of Science
• Faculty of Medicine
• Faculty of Engineering
• Faculty of Agriculture
• Faculty of Dentistry
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
26 Faculties and 3 High
Institutes
Faculty of Pharmacy
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels
Faculty of Fine Arts
Faculty of Sport Education for Men
Faculty of Physical Education for
Girls
Faculty of Agriculture –Saba Basha
Faculty of Specific Education
Faculty of Nursing
Faculty of Kindergarten
• Faculty of Education - Matrouh
• 5196
Faculty members
• 2595
Junior faculty members
• 18450
Employees
• 175591 Undergraduate enrolled students in 2009/2010
• 29507
Graduate enrolled students (23459 Diploma, 4264 M.Sc, 1784
PhD) in 2009/2010
• 1077
Undergraduate international students in
2009/2010
• 849
Graduate international students in 2009/2010
• 93
International students studying Arabic
Language in Arabic
Language Teaching Centre
Priority Thematic Areas
AU Plan for S & T
Identification of
Research Groups
Identify research groups
within institutions and
provide them with focused
guidance and support
aiming at a successful
participation.
Alexandria University Distinguished Research Group
• Biotechnology
 Nanotechnology
• Material Science
 Information Technology
• Automation and Control
 Energy
• Liver diseases
 Oncology
• Endemic & Parasitic diseases
 Clinical trials
• Alternative Medicine
• Citizenship and human rights  Dialogue between cultures
• Homeless children
 Discovery of children talents
• Discovery of sport talents to reach  Olympic Standards
• Development of squatters
 Desert development
• Preservation of national heritage
• Research for individuals with special needs
• Traffic and Transportation Engineering
• Bioequivalence testing of Pharmaceutical Products
• Sources of water and water pollution
• Developing and enhancing agricultural resources
• Growing stock markets and exchange markets.
•Food Safety
-
Clinical Trial center
Stem Cell Research Center
Science and Technology for building Center
Genomic and Proteomic Center
Mediterranean Region Studies Center.
Centers of Excellence to be established:
-Nanotechnology Center.
- Sustainable Studies for Coastal & Marine Regions
Center.
- Bioequivalent Studies Center.
http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php
23 March 2016
Total number of publications from Alexandria University
in cited indexed journals is 9945 articles
600
500
400
300
‫عدد االبحاث المنشورة‬
200
100
1949
1955
1952
1961
1958
1967
1964
1976
1973
1970
1982
1979
1988
1985
1994
1991
2000
1997
2006
2003
2009
0
Research Funding Agents
1.
2.
STDF (science & technology development fund)
Alexandria University Fund:
- Establishment of Research Enhancement Fund
Grants
(ALEX-REP)
- Establishment of Grants & Outreach Unit:
* Grants & Outreach Office
* Alexandria University Patent Office
* Alexandria University – Industry
Collaborative Center
3.
International fund programs:
RDI, FP7, GERF, INNOVA, TEMPUS, Erasmus
Mundus, AUF, DAAD, STDF, SIDA
1. Three projects, Development and Innovation
Program (RDI) with a total budget of 482,500
EURO
2. Two projects, Seventh Framework Program (FP7)
with a total budget of 335,200 EURO
3. Ten projects, TEMPUS with a total budget of
3,925,380 EURO
4. ERASMUS MUNDUS external cooperation window
with a total budget of 2,900,000 EURO, Alexandria
University has 217,000 EURO
5. Structural and complementary projects, 138,480
EURO
STDF
Alexandria University won Eight STDF-funded
projects in 2008/2009 with a total fund of 9.74
Million L.E
Faculty of Science
5 projects
Faculty of Agriculture
2 projects
Faculty of Dentistry
2 project
Faculty of Engineering
1 project
High Institute of Health 1 project
Medical Research Institute 1 projects
(total 4.6
(total 1.0
(total 2 .0
(total 0.6
(total 0.97
M L.E)
M L.E)
M L.E)
M L.E)
M L.E)
(total 0.57
M L.E)
Alexandria University
No of submitted No of funded
projects
projects
Budget
L.E
First Cycle
2007/2008
62
9
1,500,000
Second Cycle
2008/2009
71
12
1,920,000
Third Cycle
2009/2010
57
10
2.000.000
190
31
5,420,000
Total
Thank you for your Attention