Industrialization – late
th
19
How did the government intervene
to solve the problems of
industrialization?
c.
Theories: Summing Up
CAPITALISM
SOCIALISM
COMMUNISM
On private property
Individuals and
businesses own private
property
The gov’t. controls major
industries and individuals
have private property
The community owns all
the property and means
of production
On progress
Self-interest =
progress
Combination of selfinterest and communal
production = progress
The community
producing for the
common good = progress
On Capitalists
Compete for
consumer’s money
State should protect
consumers so that they
have basics
Capitalists take
advantage of workers /
community must protect
workers
On Competition
Consumers compete for
best goods at lowest
price. Competition
shapes the market.
It’s necessary to insure
that people have access
to basics (housing, living
wage, education &
healthcare.
Capitalism = unequal
distrib. of wealth. It’s
better to distribute goods
according to each
person’s needs
On Gov’t.’s role
Competition creates
efficiency in business >>
government should not
intervene in business
Competition on small
scale is good; gov’t
should distribute goods
so that everyone has
basics
Gov’t. should distribute
goods according to each
person’s needs
Other schools of thought:
Utilitarianism:
Jeremy Bentham
Socialism:
Charles Fourier
Utopian Socialism:
Robert Owen
LABOR UNIONS AND REFORM LAWS
UNIONIZATION
LEGAL REFORM – Britain / USA
• UNIONS
Britain:
1832 >> Sadler Commission
1833 >> Factory Act (illegal to hire
children under 9 yrs old; 9 – 12 no more
than 8 hrs.; 13-17 no more than 12 hrs.)
1842 >> Mines Act – prevented women &
children from working underground
1847 >> 10 Hrs. Act – 10 hr workday for
women & children
US:
1904>> Nat’l. Child Labor Cmte.-banned
child labor (overturned by Sup Crt.)>>left
to states
– COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
– STRIKES
• SLOW PROGRESS
– Overturned the Combination Acts
(Britain) – 1824
– Right to strike and picket peacefully –
1875 (Britain)
– Legal recognition of unions in USA
since early 1800s
– 1886 >> AFL (USA)
OTHER PIONEERS FOR SOCIAL REFORM
WILLIAM WILBERFORCE:
Slavery >> Britain abolished
Slave trade 1807; slavery 1833;
US: 1865; PR: 1873; Cuba: 1886;
Brazil: 1888
JANE ADDAMS
Women’s Rights
Immigrant’s Rights;
Seneca Fall Convention
(1848) and Internat’l.
Council for Women-1888
HORACE MANN:
Public Education began by
1850s; W. Europe: late
1800s
FOR DISCUSSION:
• DID CONDITIONS IMPROVE IN THE LATE 19TH
CENTURY? WHY? HOW?
• HOW DID INDUSTRIALIZATION AFFECT
GLOBAL ECONOMICS AND POLITICS?
• IN WHAT WAYS WAS THE WORLD / SOCIETY
STILL DIVIDED?